diff --git a/frontend/src/App.js b/frontend/src/App.js
index 3eb8d47..af17f69 100644
--- a/frontend/src/App.js
+++ b/frontend/src/App.js
@@ -62,14 +62,9 @@ const AppContent = () => {
               path="*" 
               element={<NotFoundPage />} 
             />
-            <Route 
-              path="/tutorials" 
-              element={<TutorialsPage darkMode={darkMode} />} 
-            />
-            <Route 
-              path="/tutorial/:tutorialId" 
-              element={<TutorialPage darkMode={darkMode} />} 
-            />
+          <Route path="/tutorials" element={<TutorialsPage darkMode={isDark} />} />
+            <Route path="/tutorial/:tutorialId" element={<TutorialPage darkMode={isDark} />} />
+
           </Routes>
         </Layout>
       </Router>
diff --git a/frontend/src/components/Sorting/ComplexityDisplay.jsx b/frontend/src/components/Sorting/ComplexityDisplay.jsx
index fbcb7a3..b4b33fd 100644
--- a/frontend/src/components/Sorting/ComplexityDisplay.jsx
+++ b/frontend/src/components/Sorting/ComplexityDisplay.jsx
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ const ComplexityDisplay = ({ algorithm, currentData, steps }) => {
         </div>
         <div className="flex justify-between">
           <span className="text-gray-600">Steps:</span>
-          <span className="font-medium">{steps.length}</span>
+         <span className="font-medium">{steps?.length || 0}</span>
         </div>
       </div>
     </div>
diff --git a/frontend/src/pages/StringVisualizer.jsx b/frontend/src/pages/StringVisualizer.jsx
index f771049..73038ee 100644
--- a/frontend/src/pages/StringVisualizer.jsx
+++ b/frontend/src/pages/StringVisualizer.jsx
@@ -1,12 +1,21 @@
 import React, { useState } from 'react';
-import { useTheme } from '../contexts/ThemeContext'; // Use the project's theme system
-import { Play, RotateCcw, Text, Hash } from 'lucide-react';
+// STEP 1: Add 'BookOpen' to the import list
+import { Play, RotateCcw, Text, Hash, BookOpen } from 'lucide-react';
+import { useTheme } from '../contexts/ThemeContext';
 
 const StringVisualizer = () => {
-  const { classes } = useTheme(); // Get the theme classes
+  const { isDark } = useTheme();
   const [text, setText] = useState('ababcabcabababd');
   const [pattern, setPattern] = useState('abababd');
 
+  // STEP 2: Add the new state for the explanation text
+  const [showDetailedLog, setShowDetailedLog] = useState(false);
+  const [explanation, setExplanation] = useState({
+    operation: 'Ready to start.',
+    details: 'Enter text and a pattern, then click Visualize to begin the process.',
+    algorithmInfo: 'The Naive (or Brute-Force) search algorithm checks for a match at every possible position in the text.'
+  });
+
   const handleVisualize = () => console.log('Visualize clicked!', { text, pattern });
   const handleReset = () => {
     setText('');
@@ -15,9 +24,8 @@ const StringVisualizer = () => {
   };
 
   return (
-    // Use the theme's background class
-    <div className={`w-full min-h-screen ${classes.bgPrimary} p-4 sm:p-8`}>
-      {/* Spacer div */}
+    <div className="w-full min-h-screen bg-slate-50 p-4 sm:p-8">
+      {/* Spacer to push content down from the main site navigation */}
       <div className="h-24"></div>
 
       {/* 1. Gradient Header Card */}
@@ -32,16 +40,16 @@ const StringVisualizer = () => {
 
       <div className="max-w-7xl mx-auto grid grid-cols-1 lg:grid-cols-3 gap-8">
 
-        {/* 2. Left Column: Inputs & Controls Card */}
-        <div className="lg:col-span-1">
-          <div className={`${classes.cardBg} p-6 rounded-xl shadow-md border ${classes.border}`}>
-            <h2 className={`text-xl font-bold ${classes.textPrimary} mb-6 flex items-center gap-2`}>
+        {/* 2. Left Column: Contains both cards now */}
+        <div className="lg:col-span-1 space-y-8">
+          {/* Inputs & Controls Card */}
+          <div className="bg-white p-6 rounded-xl shadow-md border border-slate-200">
+            <h2 className="text-xl font-bold text-slate-800 mb-6 flex items-center gap-2">
               <Text size={22} className="text-indigo-500" />
               Inputs & Controls
             </h2>
-
             <div className="mb-4">
-              <label htmlFor="main-text" className={`block text-sm font-medium ${classes.textSecondary} mb-2`}>
+              <label htmlFor="main-text" className="block text-sm font-medium text-slate-600 mb-2">
                 Main Text (Haystack)
               </label>
               <input
@@ -49,13 +57,12 @@ const StringVisualizer = () => {
                 type="text"
                 value={text}
                 onChange={(e) => setText(e.target.value)}
-                className={`w-full p-3 ${classes.inputBg} ${classes.textPrimary} placeholder-slate-400 rounded-lg border ${classes.border} focus:outline-none focus:ring-2 focus:ring-indigo-500 transition`}
+                className="w-full p-3 bg-slate-100 text-slate-800 placeholder-slate-400 rounded-lg border border-slate-300 focus:outline-none focus:ring-2 focus:ring-indigo-500 transition"
                 placeholder="Enter text..."
               />
             </div>
-
             <div className="mb-6">
-              <label htmlFor="pattern-text" className={`block text-sm font-medium ${classes.textSecondary} mb-2`}>
+              <label htmlFor="pattern-text" className="block text-sm font-medium text-slate-600 mb-2">
                 Pattern to Find (Needle)
               </label>
               <input
@@ -63,11 +70,10 @@ const StringVisualizer = () => {
                 type="text"
                 value={pattern}
                 onChange={(e) => setPattern(e.target.value)}
-                className={`w-full p-3 ${classes.inputBg} ${classes.textPrimary} placeholder-slate-400 rounded-lg border ${classes.border} focus:outline-none focus:ring-2 focus:ring-indigo-500 transition`}
+                className="w-full p-3 bg-slate-100 text-slate-800 placeholder-slate-400 rounded-lg border border-slate-300 focus:outline-none focus:ring-2 focus:ring-indigo-500 transition"
                 placeholder="Enter pattern..."
               />
             </div>
-
             <div className="flex flex-col sm:flex-row gap-4">
               <button
                 onClick={handleVisualize}
@@ -85,39 +91,73 @@ const StringVisualizer = () => {
               </button>
             </div>
           </div>
+
+          {/* Step Explanation Card */}
+          <div className={`backdrop-blur-xl rounded-2xl shadow-2xl border overflow-hidden ${isDark ? 'bg-gray-800/20 border-gray-700/50' : 'bg-white/20 border-white/50'}`}>
+            <div className={`p-4 border-b ${isDark ? 'border-gray-700/50' : 'border-white/50'}`}>
+              <div className="flex justify-between items-center">
+                <h4 className={`text-lg font-bold flex items-center ${isDark ? 'text-white' : 'text-gray-800'}`}>
+                  <BookOpen className="h-5 w-5 mr-2 text-purple-500" />
+                  Step Explanation
+                </h4>
+                <button
+                  onClick={() => setShowDetailedLog(!showDetailedLog)}
+                  className={`text-sm px-3 py-1 rounded transition-colors ${isDark ? 'text-gray-300 hover:text-white hover:bg-gray-700' : 'text-gray-600 hover:text-gray-800 hover:bg-gray-100'}`}
+                >
+                  {showDetailedLog ? 'Hide Log' : 'Show Log'}
+                </button>
+              </div>
+            </div>
+            <div className="p-4 space-y-4">
+              <div className={`p-4 rounded-lg border-l-4 border-blue-500 ${isDark ? 'bg-blue-900/20' : 'bg-blue-50'}`}>
+                <p className={`text-sm font-medium mb-1 ${isDark ? 'text-white' : 'text-gray-800'}`}>Current Operation:</p>
+                <p className={`text-sm ${isDark ? 'text-gray-300' : 'text-gray-700'}`}>{explanation.operation}</p>
+              </div>
+              <div className={`p-4 rounded-lg border-l-4 border-purple-500 ${isDark ? 'bg-purple-900/20' : 'bg-purple-50'}`}>
+                <p className={`text-sm font-medium mb-1 ${isDark ? 'text-white' : 'text-gray-800'}`}>What's Happening:</p>
+                <p className={`text-sm leading-relaxed ${isDark ? 'text-gray-300' : 'text-gray-700'}`}>{explanation.details}</p>
+              </div>
+              <div className={`p-4 rounded-lg border-l-4 border-green-500 bg-green-50`}>
+                <p className={`text-sm font-medium mb-1 text-slate-800`}>
+                  Algorithm Info:
+                </p>
+                <p className={`text-sm leading-relaxed text-slate-700`}>
+                  {explanation.algorithmInfo}
+                </p>
+              </div>
+            </div>
+          </div>
         </div>
 
         {/* 3. Right Column: Display Area Card */}
         <div className="lg:col-span-2">
-          <div className={`${classes.cardBg} p-6 rounded-xl shadow-md border ${classes.border} min-h-[300px]`}>
-            <h2 className={`text-xl font-bold ${classes.textPrimary} mb-6 flex items-center gap-2`}>
+          <div className="bg-white p-6 rounded-xl shadow-md border border-slate-200 min-h-[300px]">
+            <h2 className="text-xl font-bold text-slate-800 mb-6 flex items-center gap-2">
               <Hash size={22} className="text-indigo-500" />
               Visualization
             </h2>
-
             <div className="mb-6">
-              <h3 className={`text-md font-semibold mb-3 ${classes.textSecondary}`}>Text</h3>
-              <div className={`flex flex-wrap gap-1 p-3 ${classes.inputBg} rounded-lg`}>
+              <h3 className="text-md font-semibold mb-3 text-slate-600">Text</h3>
+              <div className="flex flex-wrap gap-1 p-3 bg-slate-100 rounded-lg">
                 {text.split('').map((char, index) => (
                   <div key={`text-${index}`} className="flex flex-col items-center">
-                    <div className={`flex items-center justify-center w-8 h-8 sm:w-10 sm:h-10 ${classes.cardBg} border ${classes.border} rounded-md text-lg font-mono ${classes.textPrimary}`}>
+                    <div className="flex items-center justify-center w-8 h-8 sm:w-10 sm:h-10 bg-white border border-slate-300 rounded-md text-lg font-mono text-slate-800">
                       {char}
                     </div>
-                    <span className={`text-xs ${classes.textMuted} mt-1`}>{index}</span>
+                    <span className="text-xs text-slate-500 mt-1">{index}</span>
                   </div>
                 ))}
               </div>
             </div>
-
             <div>
-              <h3 className={`text-md font-semibold mb-3 ${classes.textSecondary}`}>Pattern</h3>
-              <div className={`flex flex-wrap gap-1 p-3 ${classes.inputBg} rounded-lg`}>
+              <h3 className="text-md font-semibold mb-3 text-slate-600">Pattern</h3>
+              <div className="flex flex-wrap gap-1 p-3 bg-slate-100 rounded-lg">
                 {pattern.split('').map((char, index) => (
                   <div key={`pattern-${index}`} className="flex flex-col items-center">
-                    <div className={`flex items-center justify-center w-8 h-8 sm:w-10 sm:h-10 ${classes.cardBg} border ${classes.border} rounded-md text-lg font-mono ${classes.textPrimary}`}>
+                    <div className="flex items-center justify-center w-8 h-8 sm:w-10 sm:h-10 bg-white border border-slate-300 rounded-md text-lg font-mono text-slate-800">
                       {char}
                     </div>
-                    <span className={`text-xs ${classes.textMuted} mt-1`}>{index}</span>
+                    <span className="text-xs text-slate-500 mt-1">{index}</span>
                   </div>
                 ))}
               </div>