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UNIWA

UNIVERSITY OF WEST ATTICA
SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER ENGINEERING AND INFORMATICS

University of West Attica · Department of Computer Engineering and Informatics

Computer Programming

C Programming Fundamentals

Vasileios Evangelos Athanasiou
Student ID: 19390005

GitHub · LinkedIn

Supervision

Supervisor: Nikolaos Vassilas, Professor

UNIWA Profile

Co-supervisor: Georgios Meletiou, Laboratory Teaching Staff

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Athens, November 2021

README

C Programming Fundamentals

The project covers fundamental concepts of the C programming language, with emphasis on variables, standard input/output, operators, and increment mechanisms, supported by practical source code examples.

Table of Contents

Section Folder / File Description
1 assign/ Assignment material
1.1 assign/project2.png Assignment description / problem statement (English)
1.2 assign/εργασία2.png Assignment description / problem statement (Greek)
2 docs/ Theoretical documentation
2.1 docs/Basic-Elements.pdf Basic programming elements and concepts (English)
2.2 docs/Βασικά-Στοιχεία.pdf Basic programming elements and concepts (Greek)
3 src/ Source code implementations
3.1 src/CubeSphere.c Geometric computation: cube–sphere problem
3.2 src/MathsIntegers.c Integer arithmetic and mathematical operations
4 README.md Project documentation
5 INSTALL.md Usage instructions

1. Theory Topics Covered

1.1 Variables

A variable is a designated memory location used to temporarily store data during program execution.

1.2 Characteristics

  • The stored data can change during execution.
  • Users define meaningful variable names for easier understanding and maintenance.

1.3 Common Data Types

  • int – Integers
  • float, double – Decimal (floating-point) numbers
  • char – Single characters
  • bool – Logical (true/false) values

2. Standard Input / Output (I/O)

2.1 Standard Input

  • The input channel, usually the keyboard, used to enter data into a program.
  • Function: scanf()
    • Reads user input.
    • Stores it in a variable using the address-of operator (&).

2.2 Standard Output

  • The output channel, usually the screen, used to display program data.
  • Function: printf()
    • Prints text messages or variable values to the console.

3. Operators

3.1 Arithmetic Operators

Used to perform mathematical calculations:

  • Addition (+)
  • Subtraction (-)
  • Multiplication (*)
  • Division (/)
  • Modulus (%)

3.2 Relational Operators

Used to compare values and return:

  • 1 (True) or 0 (False)

Examples:

  • ==, !=, <, >

3.3 Logical Operators

Used to combine or negate conditions:

Operator Description
&& (AND) Produces 1 only if both operands are 1
|| (OR) Produces 1 if at least one operand is 1
! (NOT) Reverses the logical value (1 → 0, 0 → 1)

4. Increment Operators

  • Pre-increment (++x)
    Increases the variable value by one before it is used in an expression.

  • Post-increment (x++)
    Uses the current value of the variable before increasing it by one.

5. Source Code Documentation

The following programs are included and fully documented in the report:

  • MathsIntegers.c
    Focuses on:

    • Integer arithmetic
    • Program structure
    • Variable usage and value flow

  • CubeSphere.c
    Covers:

    • Calculations related to geometric shapes
    • Example computations
    • Technical remarks and implementation details