diff --git a/contracts/campaign/src/lib.rs b/contracts/campaign/src/lib.rs
index 4df4daf..68b4457 100644
--- a/contracts/campaign/src/lib.rs
+++ b/contracts/campaign/src/lib.rs
@@ -18,14 +18,20 @@ impl CampaignContract {
     /// Get campaign status
     pub fn get_status(env: Env) -> (Symbol, Symbol, i128, u64) {
         let key = Symbol::new(&env, "campaign_data");
-        env.storage().instance().get(&key).unwrap()
+        env.storage()
+            .instance()
+            .get(&key)
+            .expect("campaign not initialized")
     }
 
     /// Check if campaign is active
     pub fn is_active(env: Env) -> bool {
         let key = Symbol::new(&env, "campaign_data");
-        let (_id, _title, _target, deadline): (Symbol, Symbol, i128, u64) =
-            env.storage().instance().get(&key).unwrap();
+        let (_id, _title, _target, deadline): (Symbol, Symbol, i128, u64) = env
+            .storage()
+            .instance()
+            .get(&key)
+            .expect("campaign not initialized");
 
         let current_time = env.ledger().timestamp();
         current_time < deadline
diff --git a/contracts/withdrawal/src/lib.rs b/contracts/withdrawal/src/lib.rs
index 8efb754..59cdc55 100644
--- a/contracts/withdrawal/src/lib.rs
+++ b/contracts/withdrawal/src/lib.rs
@@ -18,8 +18,11 @@ impl WithdrawalContract {
     /// Withdraw funds from the contract
     pub fn withdraw(env: Env, amount: i128) -> bool {
         let key = Symbol::new(&env, "settings");
-        let (beneficiary, max_withdrawal): (Address, i128) =
-            env.storage().instance().get(&key).unwrap();
+        let (beneficiary, max_withdrawal): (Address, i128) = env
+            .storage()
+            .instance()
+            .get(&key)
+            .expect("withdrawal not initialized");
 
         beneficiary.require_auth();
 
diff --git a/src/errors.rs b/src/errors.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..81f4e55
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/errors.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,146 @@
+//! Unified error types for the StellarAid blockchain integration layer.
+//!
+//! [`StellarAidError`] is the top-level error enum that downstream code should
+//! use as its return type.  Each variant maps to a distinct failure domain and
+//! carries enough context for callers to decide how to recover (or surface a
+//! useful message).
+//!
+//! Existing per-module error types ([`KeyError`](crate::utils::keypair::KeyError),
+//! [`StellarError`](crate::friendbot::utils::types::StellarError),
+//! [`TokenSetupError`](crate::setup::token_setup::TokenSetupError)) are
+//! automatically converted via [`From`] impls so the `?` operator works
+//! transparently.
+
+use thiserror::Error;
+
+use crate::friendbot::utils::types::StellarError;
+use crate::setup::token_setup::TokenSetupError;
+use crate::utils::keypair::KeyError;
+
+/// Top-level error type for the StellarAid integration layer.
+#[derive(Debug, Error)]
+pub enum StellarAidError {
+    /// Stellar Horizon REST-API returned an error or an unexpected response.
+    #[error("Horizon API error: {0}")]
+    HorizonError(String),
+
+    /// Soroban JSON-RPC call failed.
+    #[error("Soroban RPC error (code {code}): {message}")]
+    SorobanError { code: i64, message: String },
+
+    /// Key generation, parsing, or derivation failed.
+    #[error("Keypair error: {0}")]
+    KeypairError(String),
+
+    /// Input or state did not meet a business-logic precondition.
+    #[error("Validation error: {0}")]
+    ValidationError(String),
+
+    /// A submitted transaction was rejected or reverted by the network.
+    #[error("Transaction failed: {0}")]
+    TransactionFailed(String),
+
+    /// An on-chain smart-contract call returned an error.
+    #[error("Contract error: {0}")]
+    ContractError(String),
+
+    /// A lower-level network / HTTP / I/O error.
+    #[error("Network error: {0}")]
+    NetworkError(String),
+}
+
+// ── From impls for ergonomic `?` propagation ────────────────────────────────
+
+impl From<KeyError> for StellarAidError {
+    fn from(err: KeyError) -> Self {
+        Self::KeypairError(err.to_string())
+    }
+}
+
+impl From<StellarError> for StellarAidError {
+    fn from(err: StellarError) -> Self {
+        match &err {
+            StellarError::FriendbotNotAvailable { .. } => Self::NetworkError(err.to_string()),
+            StellarError::HttpRequestFailed(_) => Self::NetworkError(err.to_string()),
+            StellarError::FriendbotError { .. } => Self::HorizonError(err.to_string()),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl From<TokenSetupError> for StellarAidError {
+    fn from(err: TokenSetupError) -> Self {
+        Self::ContractError(err.to_string())
+    }
+}
+
+impl From<reqwest::Error> for StellarAidError {
+    fn from(err: reqwest::Error) -> Self {
+        Self::NetworkError(err.to_string())
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+    use crate::friendbot::utils::types::StellarError;
+    use crate::setup::token_setup::TokenSetupError;
+    use crate::utils::keypair::KeyError;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn key_error_converts_to_keypair_variant() {
+        let err: StellarAidError = KeyError::InvalidSecretKey("bad".into()).into();
+        assert!(matches!(err, StellarAidError::KeypairError(_)));
+        assert!(err.to_string().contains("bad"));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn stellar_friendbot_not_available_converts_to_network() {
+        let err: StellarAidError = StellarError::FriendbotNotAvailable {
+            network: "mainnet".into(),
+        }
+        .into();
+        assert!(matches!(err, StellarAidError::NetworkError(_)));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn stellar_http_failure_converts_to_network() {
+        let err: StellarAidError = StellarError::HttpRequestFailed("timeout".into()).into();
+        assert!(matches!(err, StellarAidError::NetworkError(_)));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn stellar_friendbot_error_converts_to_horizon() {
+        let err: StellarAidError = StellarError::FriendbotError {
+            status: 500,
+            body: "internal".into(),
+        }
+        .into();
+        assert!(matches!(err, StellarAidError::HorizonError(_)));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn token_setup_error_converts_to_contract() {
+        let err: StellarAidError = TokenSetupError::CommandFailed {
+            command: "stellar deploy".into(),
+            stderr: "oops".into(),
+        }
+        .into();
+        assert!(matches!(err, StellarAidError::ContractError(_)));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn display_includes_variant_prefix() {
+        let err = StellarAidError::ValidationError("amount must be positive".into());
+        assert_eq!(err.to_string(), "Validation error: amount must be positive");
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn soroban_error_formats_code_and_message() {
+        let err = StellarAidError::SorobanError {
+            code: -32600,
+            message: "invalid request".into(),
+        };
+        assert!(err.to_string().contains("-32600"));
+        assert!(err.to_string().contains("invalid request"));
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/friendbot/utils/friendbot.rs b/src/friendbot/utils/friendbot.rs
index 1271e89..0b2e2f3 100644
--- a/src/friendbot/utils/friendbot.rs
+++ b/src/friendbot/utils/friendbot.rs
@@ -71,7 +71,9 @@ pub fn fund_account(public_key: &str) -> Result<(), StellarError> {
         return Err(StellarError::FriendbotError { status: 400, body });
     }
 
-    let body = response.text().unwrap_or_default();
+    let body = response
+        .text()
+        .map_err(|e: reqwest::Error| StellarError::HttpRequestFailed(e.to_string()))?;
     Err(StellarError::FriendbotError {
         status: status.as_u16(),
         body,
diff --git a/src/main.rs b/src/main.rs
index 56398b4..3dfcc60 100644
--- a/src/main.rs
+++ b/src/main.rs
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+pub mod errors;
+
 pub mod friendbot;
 pub mod horizon;
 mod setup;