diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index d468407..35a39cc 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ The Chinese Translation Project of [Programming in D](http://ddili.org/ders/d.en
## Why "Programming in D"? 为什么选择此书？
Instead of falling for getting things done quickly, "Programming in D" focuses on getting things done properly, to the lasting benefit of its reader. -Andrei Alexandrescu
-本书注重于如何恰到好处地使用D语言将任务处理得当，而非试图快速地完成一切却有失于代码质量，这使得它的读者能够长久受益。 ——大A
+本书没有急于求成，而是将各方面都处理得恰到好处，让读者受益匪浅。 ——Andrei Alexandrescu
## How to join us 怎样加入我们
### Tencent QQ
@@ -48,104 +48,105 @@ Instead of falling for getting things done quickly, "Programming in D" focuses o
## Progress 进度
### Translated 已完成翻译
-- [编译 Compilation](ddili/src/ders/d.cn/compiler.d) By Lucifer & meatatt
-- [元组 Tuples](ddili/src/ders/d.cn/tuples.d) By meatatt
-- [is 表达式 is Expression](ddili/src/ders/d.cn/is_expr.d) By meatatt
-- [命名作用域 Name Scope](ddili/src/ders/d.cn/name_space.d) By LinGo
-- [从标准输入中读取数据 Reading from the Standard Input](ddili/src/ders/d.cn/input.d) By Lucifer
-- [前言 Preface（合并自：Acknowledgments，Introduction）](ddili/src/ders/d.cn/preface.d) By IceNature
-- [文件 Files](ddili/src/ders/d.cn/files.d) By IceNature
-- [if 语句 if Statement](ddili/src/ders/d.cn/if.d) By IceNature
-- [auto 和 typeof auto and typeof](ddili/src/ders/d.cn/auto_and_typeof.d) By andot
-- [Object](ddili/src/ders/d.cn/object.d) By 大处着手小处着眼
-- [异常 Exceptions](ddili/src/ders/d.cn/exceptions.d) By xmdqvb
-- [scope](ddili/src/ders/d.cn/scope.d) By 大处着手小处着眼
-- [类 Classes](ddili/src/ders/d.cn/class.d) By 大处着手小处着眼
-- [并行 Parallelism](ddili/src/ders/d.cn/parallelism.d) By IceNature
-- [关联数组 Associative Arrays](ddili/src/ders/d.cn/aa.d) By 大处着手小处着眼
-- [do-while 循环 do-while Loop](ddili/src/ders/d.cn/do_while.d) By mogu
-- [alias 与 with alias and with](ddili/src/ders/d.cn/alias.d) By mogu
-- [alias this](ddili/src/ders/d.cn/alias_this.d) By mogu
-- [并发消息传递 Message Passing Concurrency](ddili/src/ders/d.cn/concurrency.d) By IceNature
-- [字符串 Strings](ddili/src/ders/d.cn/strings.d) By 大处着手小处着眼
-- [惰性运算符 Lazy Operators](ddili/src/ders/d.cn/lazy_operators.d) By mogu
-- [左值与右值 Lvalues and Rvalues](ddili/src/ders/d.cn/lvalue_rvalue.d) By mogu
-- [三元运算符 ?: Ternary Operator ?:](ddili/src/ders/d.cn/ternary.d) By IceNature
-- [模板 Templates](ddili/src/ders/d.cn/templates.d) By meatatt
-- [通用函数调用语法 Universal Function Call Syntax (UFCS)](ddili/src/ders/d.cn/ufcs.d) By mogu
-- [属性 Properties](ddili/src/ders/d.cn/property.d) By IceNature
-- [const ref 参数 and const 成员函数 const ref Parameters and const Member Functions](ddili/src/ders/d.cn/const_member_functions.d) By IceNature
-- [格式化输出 Formatted Output](ddili/src/ders/d.cn/formatted_output.d) By IceNature
-- [Pragmas](ddili/src/ders/d.cn/pragma.d) By mogu
+- [数组 Arrays](target/arrays.d) By 大处着手小处着眼
+- [编译 Compilation](target/compiler.d) By Lucifer & meatatt
+- [元组 Tuples](target/tuples.d) By meatatt
+- [is 表达式 is Expression](target/is_expr.d) By meatatt
+- [命名作用域 Name Scope](target/name_space.d) By LinGo
+- [从标准输入中读取数据 Reading from the Standard Input](target/input.d) By Lucifer
+- [前言 Preface（合并自：Acknowledgments，Introduction）](target/preface.d) By IceNature
+- [文件 Files](target/files.d) By IceNature
+- [if 语句 if Statement](target/if.d) By IceNature
+- [auto 和 typeof auto and typeof](target/auto_and_typeof.d) By andot
+- [Object](target/object.d) By 大处着手小处着眼
+- [异常 Exceptions](target/exceptions.d) By xmdqvb
+- [scope](target/scope.d) By 大处着手小处着眼
+- [类 Classes](target/class.d) By 大处着手小处着眼
+- [并行 Parallelism](target/parallelism.d) By IceNature
+- [关联数组 Associative Arrays](target/aa.d) By 大处着手小处着眼
+- [do-while 循环 do-while Loop](target/do_while.d) By mogu
+- [alias 与 with alias and with](target/alias.d) By mogu
+- [alias this](target/alias_this.d) By mogu
+- [并发消息传递 Message Passing Concurrency](target/concurrency.d) By IceNature
+- [字符串 Strings](target/strings.d) By 大处着手小处着眼
+- [惰性运算符 Lazy Operators](target/lazy_operators.d) By mogu
+- [左值与右值 Lvalues and Rvalues](target/lvalue_rvalue.d) By mogu
+- [三元运算符 ?: Ternary Operator ?:](target/ternary.d) By IceNature
+- [模板 Templates](target/templates.d) By meatatt
+- [通用函数调用语法 Universal Function Call Syntax (UFCS)](target/ufcs.d) By mogu
+- [属性 Properties](target/property.d) By IceNature
+- [const ref 参数 and const 成员函数 const ref Parameters and const Member Functions](target/const_member_functions.d) By IceNature
+- [格式化输出 Formatted Output](target/formatted_output.d) By IceNature
+- [Pragmas](target/pragma.d) By mogu
+- [自定义属性 (UDA)](target/uda.d) by Heromyth
### Reviewing 审核中
-- [Slices and Other Array Features](ddili/src/ders/d.cn/slices.d) By 大处着手小处着眼
-- [More Templates](ddili/src/ders/d.cn/templates_more.d) By meatatt
+- [Slices and Other Array Features](target/slices.d) By 大处着手小处着眼
+- [More Templates](target/templates_more.d) By meatatt
### Review Delayed 审核搁置
-- [Arrays](ddili/src/ders/d.cn/arrays.d) By 大处着手小处着眼
+
### Outdated 旧项目待更新
-- [The Hello World Program](ddili/src/ders/d.cn/hello_world.d) By Lucifer
-- [writeln and write](ddili/src/ders/d.cn/writeln.d) By Lucifer
-- [Fundamental Types](ddili/src/ders/d.cn/types.d) By Lucifer
-- [Assignment and Order of Evaluation](ddili/src/ders/d.cn/assignment.d) By Lucifer
-- [Variables](ddili/src/ders/d.cn/variables.d) By Lucifer
-- [Standard Input and Output Streams](ddili/src/ders/d.cn/io.d) By Lucifer
+- [The Hello World Program](target/hello_world.d) By Lucifer
+- [writeln and write](target/writeln.d) By Lucifer
+- [Fundamental Types](target/types.d) By Lucifer
+- [Assignment and Order of Evaluation](target/assignment.d) By Lucifer
+- [Variables](target/variables.d) By Lucifer
+- [Standard Input and Output Streams](target/io.d) By Lucifer
### Adopted 已被领取
-- [Lifetimes and Fundamental Operations](ddili/src/ders/d.cn/lifetimes.d) By 渡世白玉
-- [Ranges](ddili/src/ders/d.cn/ranges.d) By Lucifer
-- [while Loop](ddili/src/ders/d.cn/while.d) By KimmyLeo
-- [Redirecting Standard Input and Output Streams](ddili/src/ders/d.cn/stream_redirect.d) By mogu
-- [Function Pointers, Delegates, and Lambdas](ddili/src/ders/d.cn/lambda.d) By zhaopuming
-- [Modules and Libraries](ddili/src/ders/d.cn/modules.d) By 大处着手小处着眼
-- [Variable Number of Parameters](ddili/src/ders/d.cn/parameter_flexibility.d) By meatatt
-- [Conditional Compilation](ddili/src/ders/d.cn/cond_comp.d) By IceNature
-- [Immutability](ddili/src/ders/d.cn/const_and_immutable.d) By IceNature
-- [Type Conversions](ddili/src/ders/d.cn/cast.d) By IceNature
-- [Formatted Input](ddili/src/ders/d.cn/formatted_input.d) By IceNature
+- [Lifetimes and Fundamental Operations](target/lifetimes.d) By 渡世白玉
+- [Ranges](target/ranges.d) By Lucifer
+- [while Loop](target/while.d) By KimmyLeo
+- [Redirecting Standard Input and Output Streams](target/stream_redirect.d) By mogu
+- [Function Pointers, Delegates, and Lambdas](target/lambda.d) By zhaopuming
+- [Modules and Libraries](target/modules.d) By 大处着手小处着眼
+- [Variable Number of Parameters](target/parameter_flexibility.d) By meatatt
+- [Conditional Compilation](target/cond_comp.d) By IceNature
+- [Immutability](target/const_and_immutable.d) By IceNature
+- [Type Conversions](target/cast.d) By IceNature
+- [Formatted Input](target/formatted_input.d) By IceNature
### Orphans 待领取
-- [Foreword by Andrei Alexandrescu](ddili/src/ders/d.cn/foreword2.d)
-- [Logical Expressions](ddili/src/ders/d.cn/logical_expressions.d)
-- [Integers and Arithmetic Operations](ddili/src/ders/d.cn/arithmetic.d)
-- [Floating Point Types](ddili/src/ders/d.cn/floating_point.d)
-- [Characters](ddili/src/ders/d.cn/characters.d)
-- [for Loop](ddili/src/ders/d.cn/for.d)
-- [Literals](ddili/src/ders/d.cn/literals.d)
-- [foreach Loop](ddili/src/ders/d.cn/foreach.d)
-- [switch and case](ddili/src/ders/d.cn/switch_case.d)
-- [enum](ddili/src/ders/d.cn/enum.d)
-- [Functions](ddili/src/ders/d.cn/functions.d)
-- [Value Types and Reference Types](ddili/src/ders/d.cn/value_vs_reference.d)
-- [Function Parameters](ddili/src/ders/d.cn/function_parameters.d)
-- [Program Environment](ddili/src/ders/d.cn/main.d)
-- [assert and enforce](ddili/src/ders/d.cn/assert.d)
-- [Unit Testing](ddili/src/ders/d.cn/unit_testing.d)
-- [Contract Programming](ddili/src/ders/d.cn/contracts.d)
-- [The null Value and the is Operator](ddili/src/ders/d.cn/null_is.d)
-- [Structs](ddili/src/ders/d.cn/struct.d)
-- [Function Overloading](ddili/src/ders/d.cn/function_overloading.d)
-- [Member Functions](ddili/src/ders/d.cn/member_functions.d)
-- [Constructor and Other Special Functions](ddili/src/ders/d.cn/special_functions.d)
-- [Operator Overloading](ddili/src/ders/d.cn/operator_overloading.d)
-- [Inheritance](ddili/src/ders/d.cn/inheritance.d)
-- [Interfaces](ddili/src/ders/d.cn/interface.d)
-- [destroy and scoped](ddili/src/ders/d.cn/destroy.d)
-- [Encapsulation and Protection Attributes](ddili/src/ders/d.cn/encapsulation.d)
-- [Contract Programming for Structs and Classes](ddili/src/ders/d.cn/invariant.d)
-- [Pointers](ddili/src/ders/d.cn/pointers.d)
-- [Bit Operations](ddili/src/ders/d.cn/bit_operations.d)
-- [foreach with Structs and Classes](ddili/src/ders/d.cn/foreach_opapply.d)
-- [Nested Functions, Structs, and Classes](ddili/src/ders/d.cn/nested.d)
-- [Unions](ddili/src/ders/d.cn/union.d)
-- [Labels and goto](ddili/src/ders/d.cn/goto.d)
-- [More Functions](ddili/src/ders/d.cn/functions_more.d)
-- [Mixins](ddili/src/ders/d.cn/mixin.d)
-- [More Ranges](ddili/src/ders/d.cn/ranges_more.d)
-- [Data Sharing Concurrency](ddili/src/ders/d.cn/concurrency_shared.d)
-- [Fibers](ddili/src/ders/d.cn/fibers.d)
-- [Memory Management](ddili/src/ders/d.cn/memory.d)
-- [User Defined Attributes (UDA)](ddili/src/ders/d.cn/uda.d)
-- [Operator Precedence](ddili/src/ders/d.cn/operator_precedence.d)
+- [Foreword by Andrei Alexandrescu](target/foreword2.d)
+- [Logical Expressions](target/logical_expressions.d)
+- [Integers and Arithmetic Operations](target/arithmetic.d)
+- [Floating Point Types](target/floating_point.d)
+- [Characters](target/characters.d)
+- [for Loop](target/for.d)
+- [Literals](target/literals.d)
+- [foreach Loop](target/foreach.d)
+- [switch and case](target/switch_case.d)
+- [enum](target/enum.d)
+- [Functions](target/functions.d)
+- [Value Types and Reference Types](target/value_vs_reference.d)
+- [Function Parameters](target/function_parameters.d)
+- [Program Environment](target/main.d)
+- [assert and enforce](target/assert.d)
+- [Unit Testing](target/unit_testing.d)
+- [Contract Programming](target/contracts.d)
+- [The null Value and the is Operator](target/null_is.d)
+- [Structs](target/struct.d)
+- [Function Overloading](target/function_overloading.d)
+- [Member Functions](target/member_functions.d)
+- [Constructor and Other Special Functions](target/special_functions.d)
+- [Operator Overloading](target/operator_overloading.d)
+- [Inheritance](target/inheritance.d)
+- [Interfaces](target/interface.d)
+- [destroy and scoped](target/destroy.d)
+- [Encapsulation and Protection Attributes](target/encapsulation.d)
+- [Contract Programming for Structs and Classes](target/invariant.d)
+- [Pointers](target/pointers.d)
+- [Bit Operations](target/bit_operations.d)
+- [foreach with Structs and Classes](target/foreach_opapply.d)
+- [Nested Functions, Structs, and Classes](target/nested.d)
+- [Unions](target/union.d)
+- [Labels and goto](target/goto.d)
+- [More Functions](target/functions_more.d)
+- [Mixins](target/mixin.d)
+- [More Ranges](target/ranges_more.d)
+- [Data Sharing Concurrency](target/concurrency_shared.d)
+- [Fibers](target/fibers.d)
+- [Memory Management](target/memory.d)
+- [Operator Precedence](target/operator_precedence.d)
diff --git a/ddili/src/ders/d.en/alias.d b/d.en/alias.d
similarity index 100%
rename from ddili/src/ders/d.en/alias.d
rename to d.en/alias.d
diff --git a/d.en/alias_this.d b/d.en/alias_this.d
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d93d71e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/d.en/alias_this.d
@@ -0,0 +1,176 @@
+Ddoc
+
+$(DERS_BOLUMU $(IX alias this) $(CH4 alias this))
+
+$(P
+We have seen the individual meanings of the $(C alias) and the $(C this) keywords in previous chapters. These two keywords have a completely different meaning when used together as $(C alias this).
+)
+
+$(P
+$(IX automatic type conversion) $(IX type conversion, automatic) $(IX implicit type conversion) $(IX type conversion, implicit) $(C alias this) enables $(I automatic type conversions) (also known as $(I implicit type conversions)) of user-defined types. As we have seen in $(LINK2 /ders/d.en/operator_overloading.html, the Operator Overloading chapter), another way of providing type conversions for a type is by defining $(C opCast) for that type. The difference is that, while $(C opCast) is for explicit type conversions, $(C alias this) is for automatic type conversions.
+)
+
+$(P
+The keywords $(C alias) and $(C this) are written separately where the name of a member variable or a member function is specified between them:
+)
+
+---
+ alias $(I member_variable_or_member_function) this;
+---
+
+$(P
+$(C alias this) enables the specific conversion from the user-defined type to the type of that member. The value of the member becomes the resulting value of the conversion .
+)
+
+$(P
+The following $(C Fraction) example uses $(C alias this) with a $(I member function). The $(C TeachingAssistant) example that is further below will use it with $(I member variables).
+)
+
+$(P
+Since the return type of $(C value()) below is $(C double), the following $(C alias this) enables automatic conversion of $(C Fraction) objects to $(C double) values:
+)
+
+---
+import std.stdio;
+
+struct Fraction {
+ long numerator;
+ long denominator;
+
+ $(HILITE double value()) const @property {
+ return double(numerator) / denominator;
+ }
+
+ alias $(HILITE value) this;
+
+ // ...
+}
+
+double calculate(double lhs, double rhs) {
+ return 2 * lhs + rhs;
+}
+
+void main() {
+ auto fraction = Fraction(1, 4); // meaning 1/4
+ writeln(calculate($(HILITE fraction), 0.75));
+}
+---
+
+$(P
+$(C value()) gets called automatically to produce a $(C double) value when $(C Fraction) objects appear in places where a $(C double) value is expected. That is why the variable $(C fraction) can be passed to $(C calculate()) as an argument. $(C value()) returns 0.25 as the value of 1/4 and the program prints the result of 2 * 0.25 + 0.75:
+)
+
+$(SHELL
+1.25
+)
+
+$(H5 $(IX multiple inheritance) $(IX inheritance, multiple) Multiple inheritance)
+
+$(P
+We have seen in $(LINK2 /ders/d.en/inheritance.html, the Inheritance chapter) that classes can inherit from only one $(C class). (On the other hand, there is no limit in the number of $(C interface)s to inherit from.) Some other object oriented languages allow inheriting from multiple classes. This is called $(I multiple inheritance).
+)
+
+$(P
+$(C alias this) enables using D classes in designs that could benefit from multiple inheritance. Multiple $(C alias this) declarations enable types to be used in places of multiple different types.
+)
+
+$(P
+$(HILITE $(I $(B Note:) dmd 2.078.0, the compiler that was used last to compile the examples in this chapter, allowed only one $(C alias this) declaration.))
+)
+
+$(P
+The following $(C TeachingAssistant) class has two member variables of types $(C Student) and $(C Teacher). The $(C alias this) declarations would allow objects of this type to be used in places of both $(C Student) and $(C Teacher):
+)
+
+---
+import std.stdio;
+
+class Student {
+ string name;
+ uint[] grades;
+
+ this(string name) {
+ this.name = name;
+ }
+}
+
+class Teacher {
+ string name;
+ string subject;
+
+ this(string name, string subject) {
+ this.name = name;
+ this.subject = subject;
+ }
+}
+
+class TeachingAssistant {
+ Student studentIdentity;
+ Teacher teacherIdentity;
+
+ this(string name, string subject) {
+ this.studentIdentity = new Student(name);
+ this.teacherIdentity = new Teacher(name, subject);
+ }
+
+ /* The following two 'alias this' declarations will enable
+ * this type to be used both as a Student and as a Teacher.
+ *
+ * Note: dmd 2.078.0 did not support multiple 'alias this'
+ * declarations. */
+ alias $(HILITE teacherIdentity) this;
+ $(CODE_COMMENT_OUT compiler limitation)alias $(HILITE studentIdentity) this;
+}
+
+void attendClass(Teacher teacher, Student[] students)
+in {
+ assert(teacher !is null);
+ assert(students.length > 0);
+
+} do {
+ writef("%s is teaching %s to the following students:",
+ teacher.name, teacher.subject);
+
+ foreach (student; students) {
+ writef(" %s", student.name);
+ }
+
+ writeln();
+}
+
+void main() {
+ auto students = [ new Student("Shelly"),
+ new Student("Stan") ];
+
+ /* An object that can be used both as a Teacher and a
+ * Student: */
+ auto tim = new TeachingAssistant("Tim", "math");
+
+ // 'tim' is the teacher in the following use:
+ attendClass($(HILITE tim), students);
+
+ // 'tim' is one of the students in the following use:
+ auto amy = new Teacher("Amy", "physics");
+ $(CODE_COMMENT_OUT compiler limitation)attendClass(amy, students ~ $(HILITE tim));
+}
+---
+
+$(P
+The output of the program shows that the same object has been used as two different types:
+)
+
+$(SHELL
+$(HILITE Tim) is teaching math to the following students: Shelly Stan
+Amy is teaching physics to the following students: Shelly Stan $(HILITE Tim)
+)
+
+Macros:
+ SUBTITLE=alias this
+
+ DESCRIPTION=Nesnelerin otomatik olarak başka tür olarak kullanılmalarını sağlayan 'alias this'.
+
+ KEYWORDS=d programlama dili ders dersler öğrenmek tutorial alias takma isim alias this
+
+SOZLER=
+$(kalitim)
+
diff --git a/ddili/src/ders/d.cn/arithmetic.cozum.d b/d.en/arithmetic.cozum.d
similarity index 100%
rename from ddili/src/ders/d.cn/arithmetic.cozum.d
rename to d.en/arithmetic.cozum.d
diff --git a/ddili/src/ders/d.cn/arithmetic.d b/d.en/arithmetic.d
similarity index 97%
rename from ddili/src/ders/d.cn/arithmetic.d
rename to d.en/arithmetic.d
index bd22d23..cf6bffa 100644
--- a/ddili/src/ders/d.cn/arithmetic.d
+++ b/d.en/arithmetic.d
@@ -98,7 +98,7 @@ Programmers must understand how integers are stored in computers.)
$(H6 $(IX integer) Integer types)
$(P
-Integer types are the types that can have only whole values like -2, 0, 10, etc. These types cannot have fractional parts, as in 2.5. All of the integer types that we have seen in the $(LINK2 /ders/d.en/types.html, Fundamental Types chapter) are the following:
+Integer types are the types that can have only whole values like -2, 0, 10, etc. These types cannot have fractional parts, as in 2.5. All of the integer types that we saw in the $(LINK2 /ders/d.en/types.html, Fundamental Types chapter) are the following:
)
@@ -208,7 +208,7 @@ I skipped many rows in the table and indicated the signed and unsigned versions
$(H6 Choosing a type)
$(P
-Since a 3-bit type can only have 8 distinct values, it can only represent concepts like the value of a die or the number of the day of the week. (This is just an example; there isn't a 3-bit type in D.)
+D has no 3-bit type. But such a hypothetical type could only have 8 distinct values. It could only represent concepts such as the value of a die, or the week's day number.
)
$(P
@@ -710,6 +710,10 @@ For example, assuming that $(C a) and $(C b) are two $(C int) variables, the fol
}
---
+$(P
+$(IX experimental.checkedint) $(IX Checked) There is also $(LINK2 https://dlang.org/phobos/std_experimental_checkedint.html, the std.experimental.checkedint) module that defines the $(C Checked) template but both its usage and its implementation are too advanced at this point in the book.
+)
+
$(H6 Preventing overflow)
$(P
diff --git a/ddili/src/ders/d.cn/assert.cozum.d b/d.en/assert.cozum.d
similarity index 100%
rename from ddili/src/ders/d.cn/assert.cozum.d
rename to d.en/assert.cozum.d
diff --git a/ddili/src/ders/d.cn/assert.d b/d.en/assert.d
similarity index 97%
rename from ddili/src/ders/d.cn/assert.d
rename to d.en/assert.d
index e905094..62f6c53 100644
--- a/ddili/src/ders/d.cn/assert.d
+++ b/d.en/assert.d
@@ -92,11 +92,11 @@ Each $(C assert) checks its assumption and terminates the program with an $(C As
)
$(SHELL
-core.exception.$(HILITE AssertError)@deneme(3): Assertion failure
+core.exception.$(HILITE AssertError)@deneme(2): Assertion failure
)
$(P
-The part after the $(C @) character in the message indicates the source file and the line number of the $(C assert) check that failed. According to the output above, the $(C assert) that failed is on line 3 of file $(C deneme.d).
+The part after the $(C @) character in the message indicates the source file and the line number of the $(C assert) check that failed. According to the output above, the $(C assert) that failed is on line 2 of file $(C deneme.d).
)
$(P
@@ -112,7 +112,7 @@ The output:
)
$(SHELL
-core.exception.AssertError@deneme.d(3): $(HILITE Age cannot be negative.)
+core.exception.AssertError@deneme.d(2): $(HILITE Age cannot be negative.)
)
$(P
@@ -232,7 +232,7 @@ $(C assert) is also the fundamental tool that is used in $(I unit testing) and $
$(H5 No value nor side effect)
$(P
-We have seen that expressions produce values or make side effects. $(C assert) checks do not have values nor they $(I should) have any side effects.
+We have seen that expressions produce values or make side effects. $(C assert) checks do not have values nor $(I should) they have any side effects.
)
$(P
@@ -250,11 +250,11 @@ The compiler switch $(C -release) causes the $(C assert) checks to be ignored as
)
$(SHELL
-dmd deneme.d -release
+$ dmd deneme.d -release
)
$(P
-This would allow programs run faster by not evaluating potentially slow logical expressions of the $(C assert) checks.
+This would allow programs to run faster by not evaluating potentially slow logical expressions of the $(C assert) checks.
)
$(P
diff --git a/ddili/src/ders/d.cn/assignment.cozum.d b/d.en/assignment.cozum.d
similarity index 100%
rename from ddili/src/ders/d.cn/assignment.cozum.d
rename to d.en/assignment.cozum.d
diff --git a/ddili/src/ders/d.cn/assignment.d b/d.en/assignment.d
similarity index 100%
rename from ddili/src/ders/d.cn/assignment.d
rename to d.en/assignment.d
diff --git a/ddili/src/ders/d.cn/auto_and_typeof.cozum.d b/d.en/auto_and_typeof.cozum.d
similarity index 100%
rename from ddili/src/ders/d.cn/auto_and_typeof.cozum.d
rename to d.en/auto_and_typeof.cozum.d
diff --git a/ddili/src/ders/d.en/auto_and_typeof.d b/d.en/auto_and_typeof.d
similarity index 100%
rename from ddili/src/ders/d.en/auto_and_typeof.d
rename to d.en/auto_and_typeof.d
diff --git a/ddili/src/ders/d.cn/bit_operations.cozum.d b/d.en/bit_operations.cozum.d
similarity index 100%
rename from ddili/src/ders/d.cn/bit_operations.cozum.d
rename to d.en/bit_operations.cozum.d
diff --git a/ddili/src/ders/d.en/bit_operations.d b/d.en/bit_operations.d
similarity index 91%
rename from ddili/src/ders/d.en/bit_operations.d
rename to d.en/bit_operations.d
index 619e314..c839cb5 100644
--- a/ddili/src/ders/d.en/bit_operations.d
+++ b/d.en/bit_operations.d
@@ -310,7 +310,7 @@ Let's first define a function which will be useful later when examining how bit
import std.stdio;
void print(uint number) {
- writefln("%032b %08x %10s", number, number, number);
+ writefln(" %032b %08x %10s", number, number, number);
}
void main() {
@@ -323,7 +323,7 @@ Here is the same value printed in the binary, hexadecimal, and decimal number sy
)
$(SHELL_SMALL
-00000111010110111100110100010101 075bcd15 123456789
+ 00000111010110111100110100010101 075bcd15 123456789
)
$(H6 $(IX ~, bitwise complement) $(IX complement, bitwise operator) Complement operator: $(C ~))
@@ -338,9 +338,9 @@ This operator converts each bit of a value to its opposite: The bits that are 0
---
uint value = 123456789;
- write(" "); print(value);
+ print(value);
writeln("~ --------------------------------");
- write(" "); print($(HILITE ~)value);
+ print($(HILITE ~)value);
---
$(P
@@ -372,10 +372,10 @@ $(C &) is a binary operator, written between two expressions. The microprocessor
uint lhs = 123456789;
uint rhs = 987654321;
- write(" "); print(lhs);
- write(" "); print(rhs);
+ print(lhs);
+ print(rhs);
writeln("& --------------------------------");
- write(" "); print(lhs $(HILITE &) rhs);
+ print(lhs $(HILITE &) rhs);
---
$(P
@@ -426,10 +426,10 @@ $(C |) is a binary operator, written between two expressions. The microprocessor
uint lhs = 123456789;
uint rhs = 987654321;
- write(" "); print(lhs);
- write(" "); print(rhs);
+ print(lhs);
+ print(rhs);
writeln("| --------------------------------");
- write(" "); print(lhs $(HILITE |) rhs);
+ print(lhs $(HILITE |) rhs);
---
$(SHELL_SMALL
@@ -472,10 +472,10 @@ $(I Xor) is the short for $(I exclusive or). This is a binary operator as well.
uint lhs = 123456789;
uint rhs = 987654321;
- write(" "); print(lhs);
- write(" "); print(rhs);
+ print(lhs);
+ print(rhs);
writeln("^ --------------------------------");
- write(" "); print(lhs $(HILITE ^) rhs);
+ print(lhs $(HILITE ^) rhs);
---
$(SHELL_SMALL
@@ -515,7 +515,7 @@ Regardless of its value, $(I xorring) a variable with itself always produces 0:
---
$(SHELL_SMALL
-00000000000000000000000000000000 00000000 0
+ 00000000000000000000000000000000 00000000 0
)
$(H6 $(IX >>) $(IX right shift, bitwise operator) Right-shift operator: $(C >>))
@@ -535,12 +535,12 @@ The following example produces a result by shifting a value by two bits to the r
---
$(P
-In the following output, I highlighted both the bits that are going to be lost due to dropping off from the right-hand side and the leftmost bits that will get the value 0:
+In the following output, I highlighted both the bits that are going to be lost due to dropping off from the right-hand side and the leftmost bits that get the value 0:
)
$(SHELL_SMALL
-000001110101101111001101000101$(HILITE 01) 075bcd15 123456789
-$(HILITE 00)000001110101101111001101000101 01d6f345 30864197
+ 000001110101101111001101000101$(HILITE 01) 075bcd15 123456789
+ $(HILITE 00)000001110101101111001101000101 01d6f345 30864197
)
$(P
@@ -566,12 +566,12 @@ Because the leftmost bit of the original value is 1, all of the new bits of the
)
$(SHELL_SMALL
-$(U 1)0000000000000010000001100000$(HILITE 000) 80010300 2147549952
-$(HILITE 111)10000000000000010000001100000 f0002060 4026540128
+ $(U 1)0000000000000010000001100000$(HILITE 000) 80010300 2147549952
+ $(HILITE 111)10000000000000010000001100000 f0002060 4026540128
)
$(P
-When the leftmost bit is 0, then all of the news bits are 0:
+When the leftmost bit is 0, then all new bits are 0:
)
---
@@ -581,8 +581,8 @@ When the leftmost bit is 0, then all of the news bits are 0:
---
$(SHELL_SMALL
-$(U 0)1000000000000010000001100000$(HILITE 000) 40010300 1073808128
-$(HILITE 000)01000000000000010000001100000 08002060 134226016
+ $(U 0)1000000000000010000001100000$(HILITE 000) 40010300 1073808128
+ $(HILITE 000)01000000000000010000001100000 08002060 134226016
)
$(H6 $(IX >>>) $(IX unsigned right shift, bitwise operator) Unsigned right-shift operator: $(C >>>))
@@ -598,8 +598,8 @@ This operator works similarly to the regular right-shift operator. The differenc
---
$(SHELL_SMALL
-10000000000000010000001100000$(HILITE 000) 80010300 2147549952
-$(HILITE 000)10000000000000010000001100000 10002060 268443744
+ 10000000000000010000001100000$(HILITE 000) 80010300 2147549952
+ $(HILITE 000)10000000000000010000001100000 10002060 268443744
)
$(H6 $(IX <<) $(IX left shift, bitwise operator) Left-shift operator: $(C <<))
@@ -619,14 +619,14 @@ The bits on the left-hand side are lost and the new bits on the right-hand side
)
$(SHELL_SMALL
-$(HILITE 0000)0111010110111100110100010101 075bcd15 123456789
-0111010110111100110100010101$(HILITE 0000) 75bcd150 1975308624
+ $(HILITE 0000)0111010110111100110100010101 075bcd15 123456789
+ 0111010110111100110100010101$(HILITE 0000) 75bcd150 1975308624
)
$(H6 $(IX assignment, operation result) Operators with assignment)
$(P
-All of the binary operators above have assignment counterparts: $(C &=), $(C |=), $(C ^=), $(C >>=), $(C >>>=), and $(C <<=). Similar to the operators that we have seen in $(LINK2 /ders/d.en/arithmetic.html, the Integers and Arithmetic Operations chapter), these operators assign the result back to the left-hand operand.
+All of the binary operators above have assignment counterparts: $(C &=), $(C |=), $(C ^=), $(C >>=), $(C >>>=), and $(C <<=). Similar to the operators that we saw in $(LINK2 /ders/d.en/arithmetic.html, the Integers and Arithmetic Operations chapter), these operators assign the result back to the left-hand operand.
)
$(P
@@ -658,10 +658,10 @@ As an extreme example, let's consider two values that both have alternating bits
uint lhs = 0xaaaaaaaa;
uint rhs = 0x55555555;
- write(" "); print(lhs);
- write(" "); print(rhs);
+ print(lhs);
+ print(rhs);
writeln("| --------------------------------");
- write(" "); print(lhs | rhs);
+ print(lhs | rhs);
---
$(SHELL_SMALL
@@ -685,10 +685,10 @@ As an extreme example, let's consider the last two values again. Since none of t
uint lhs = 0xaaaaaaaa;
uint rhs = 0x55555555;
- write(" "); print(lhs);
- write(" "); print(rhs);
+ print(lhs);
+ print(rhs);
writeln("& --------------------------------");
- write(" "); print(lhs & rhs);
+ print(lhs & rhs);
---
$(SHELL_SMALL
@@ -708,11 +708,11 @@ To understand how this works, it helps to see one of the expressions as the $(I
uint expression = 0x00ff00ff;
uint bitsToSet = 0x10001000;
- write("before : "); print(expression);
- write("to set to 1: "); print(bitsToSet);
+ write("before :"); print(expression);
+ write("to set to 1:"); print(bitsToSet);
expression $(HILITE |=) bitsToSet;
- write("after : "); print(expression);
+ write("after :"); print(expression);
---
$(P
@@ -739,11 +739,11 @@ One of the expressions can be seen as the $(I actual) expression and the other e
uint expression = 0x00ff00ff;
uint bitsToClear = 0xffefffef;
- write("before : "); print(expression);
- write("bits to clear: "); print(bitsToClear);
+ write("before :"); print(expression);
+ write("bits to clear:"); print(bitsToClear);
expression $(HILITE &=) bitsToClear;
- write("after : "); print(expression);
+ write("after :"); print(expression);
---
$(P
@@ -780,8 +780,8 @@ The bit that is being $(I queried) is highlighted:
)
$(SHELL_SMALL
-000001110101101$(HILITE 1)1100110100010101 075bcd15 123456789
-00000000000000010000000000000000 00010000 65536
+ 000001110101101$(HILITE 1)1100110100010101 075bcd15 123456789
+ 00000000000000010000000000000000 00010000 65536
yes, 1
)
@@ -972,9 +972,9 @@ A mask consists of a number of 1 bits that would $(I cover) the specific part of
uint value = 123456789;
uint mask = 0x000000ff;
- write("value : "); print(value);
- write("mask : "); print(mask);
- write("result: "); print(value & mask);
+ write("value :"); print(value);
+ write("mask :"); print(mask);
+ write("result:"); print(value & mask);
---
$(P
@@ -982,9 +982,9 @@ The bits that are covered by the mask are highlighted. All of the other bits are
)
$(SHELL_SMALL
-value : 000001110101101111001101$(HILITE 00010101) 075bcd15 123456789
-mask : 00000000000000000000000011111111 000000ff 255
-result: 000000000000000000000000$(HILITE 00010101) 00000015 21
+value : 000001110101101111001101$(HILITE 00010101) 075bcd15 123456789
+mask : 00000000000000000000000011111111 000000ff 255
+result: 000000000000000000000000$(HILITE 00010101) 00000015 21
)
$(P
@@ -995,9 +995,9 @@ Let's apply the same method to the 0xc0a80102 IPv4 address with a mask that woul
uint value = 0xc0a80102;
uint mask = 0xff000000;
- write("value : "); print(value);
- write("mask : "); print(mask);
- write("result: "); print(value & mask);
+ write("value :"); print(value);
+ write("mask :"); print(mask);
+ write("result:"); print(value & mask);
---
$(P
@@ -1005,9 +1005,9 @@ This mask covers the uppermost 8 bits of the value:
)
$(SHELL_SMALL
-value : $(HILITE 11000000)101010000000000100000010 c0a80102 3232235778
-mask : 11111111000000000000000000000000 ff000000 4278190080
-result: $(HILITE 11000000)000000000000000000000000 c0000000 3221225472
+value : $(HILITE 11000000)101010000000000100000010 c0a80102 3232235778
+mask : 11111111000000000000000000000000 ff000000 4278190080
+result: $(HILITE 11000000)000000000000000000000000 c0000000 3221225472
)
$(P
@@ -1018,15 +1018,15 @@ However, note that the printed result is not the expected 192 but 3221225472. Th
uint value = 0xc0a80102;
uint mask = 0xff000000;
- write("value : "); print(value);
- write("mask : "); print(mask);
- write("result: "); print((value & mask) $(HILITE >> 24));
+ write("value :"); print(value);
+ write("mask :"); print(mask);
+ write("result:"); print((value & mask) $(HILITE >> 24));
---
$(SHELL_SMALL
-value : $(HILITE 11000000)101010000000000100000010 c0a80102 3232235778
-mask : 11111111000000000000000000000000 ff000000 4278190080
-result: 000000000000000000000000$(HILITE 11000000) 000000c0 $(HILITE 192)
+value : $(HILITE 11000000)101010000000000100000010 c0a80102 3232235778
+mask : 11111111000000000000000000000000 ff000000 4278190080
+result: 000000000000000000000000$(HILITE 11000000) 000000c0 $(HILITE 192)
)
$(PROBLEM_COK
diff --git a/ddili/src/ders/d.cn/blurbs.d b/d.en/blurbs.d
similarity index 100%
rename from ddili/src/ders/d.cn/blurbs.d
rename to d.en/blurbs.d
diff --git a/ddili/src/ders/d.cn/cast.d b/d.en/cast.d
similarity index 100%
rename from ddili/src/ders/d.cn/cast.d
rename to d.en/cast.d
diff --git a/ddili/src/ders/d.en/characters.d b/d.en/characters.d
similarity index 98%
rename from ddili/src/ders/d.en/characters.d
rename to d.en/characters.d
index 40902fb..c7ce3a0 100644
--- a/ddili/src/ders/d.en/characters.d
+++ b/d.en/characters.d
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ IBM Corporation has defined a set of tables, each one of which assign the codes
)
$(P
-Despite being much useful than ASCII, code pages have some problems and limitations: In order to display text correctly, it must be known what code page a given text was originally written in. This is because the same code corresponds to a different character in most other tables. For example, the code that represents $(C 'Ğ') in table 857 corresponds to $(C 'ª') in table 437.
+Despite being much more useful than ASCII, code pages have some problems and limitations: In order to display text correctly, it must be known what code page a given text was originally written in. This is because the same code corresponds to a different character in most other tables. For example, the code that represents $(C 'Ğ') in table 857 corresponds to $(C 'ª') in table 437.
)
$(P
diff --git a/ddili/src/ders/d.cn/code/README b/d.en/code/README
similarity index 100%
rename from ddili/src/ders/d.cn/code/README
rename to d.en/code/README
diff --git a/ddili/src/ders/d.cn/cond_comp.d b/d.en/cond_comp.d
similarity index 91%
rename from ddili/src/ders/d.cn/cond_comp.d
rename to d.en/cond_comp.d
index 24b6041..7a7b8c5 100644
--- a/ddili/src/ders/d.cn/cond_comp.d
+++ b/d.en/cond_comp.d
@@ -30,69 +30,6 @@ $(P
Unit tests and contracts are about program correctness; whether they are included in the program should not change the behavior of the program.
)
-$(UL
-
-$(LI
-Template specializations are compiled into the program only for specific types. When a specialization is not actually used in the program, the specialization is not compiled:
-
----
-void swap(T)(ref T lhs, ref T rhs) {
- T temp = lhs;
- lhs = rhs;
- rhs = temp;
-}
-
-unittest {
- auto a = 'x';
- auto b = 'y';
- swap(a, b);
-
- assert(a == 'y');
- assert(b == 'x');
-}
-
-void swap(T $(HILITE : uint))(ref T lhs, ref T rhs) {
- lhs ^= rhs;
- rhs ^= lhs;
- lhs ^= rh; // TYPO!
-}
-
-void main() {
-}
----
-
-$(P
-The $(C uint) specialization above has been implemented by taking advantage of the $(C ^) ($(I xor)) operator, presumably under the belief that it would be executed faster than the general algorithm. ($(I $(B Note:) To the contrary, on most modern microprocessors this method is slower than the one that uses a temporary variable.))
-)
-
-$(P
-Despite the typo at the end of that specialization, since the $(C uint) specialization is never actually used, the program gets compiled without any errors.
-)
-
-$(P
-$(I $(B Note:) This is another example of how important unit tests are; the mistake would have been noticed if there were a unit test for that specialization:
-)
-)
-
----
-unittest {
- $(HILITE uint) i = 42;
- $(HILITE uint) j = 7;
- swap(i, j);
-
- assert(i == 7);
- assert(j == 42);
-}
----
-
-$(P
-This example shows that template specializations are also compiled under certain conditions.
-)
-
-)
-
-)
-
$(P
The following are the features of D that are specifically for conditional compilation:
)
@@ -106,7 +43,7 @@ $(LI $(C __traits))
)
$(P
-We will see the $(C is) expression in the next chapter and $(C __traits) in a later chapter.
+We will see the $(C is) expression in the next chapter.
)
$(H5 $(IX debug) debug)
@@ -246,7 +183,7 @@ Such lines are included in the program only when the $(C -debug) compiler switch
)
$(SHELL_SMALL
-dmd deneme.d -ofdeneme -w $(HILITE -debug)
+$ dmd deneme.d -ofdeneme -w $(HILITE -debug)
)
$(H6 $(C debug($(I tag))))
@@ -264,7 +201,7 @@ The tagged $(C debug) statements are enabled by the $(C -debug=$(I tag)) compile
)
$(SHELL_SMALL
-dmd deneme.d -ofdeneme -w $(HILITE -debug=binarySearch)
+$ dmd deneme.d -ofdeneme -w $(HILITE -debug=binarySearch)
)
$(P
diff --git a/ddili/src/ders/d.en/const_and_immutable.d b/d.en/const_and_immutable.d
similarity index 98%
rename from ddili/src/ders/d.en/const_and_immutable.d
rename to d.en/const_and_immutable.d
index e6113c0..61158ae 100644
--- a/ddili/src/ders/d.en/const_and_immutable.d
+++ b/d.en/const_and_immutable.d
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ We have seen earlier in the $(LINK2 /ders/d.en/enum.html, $(C enum) chapter) tha
---
$(P
-As long as their values can be determined at compile time, $(C enum) variables can be initialized by the return values of functions as well:
+As long as their values can be determined at compile time, $(C enum) variables can be initialized with return values of functions as well:
)
---
@@ -89,6 +89,11 @@ void main() {
}
---
+$(P
+The D feature that enables such initialization is $(I compile time function execution) (CTFE), which we will see in $(LINK2 /ders/d.en/functions_more.html, a later chapter).
+)
+
+
$(P
As expected, the values of $(C enum) constants cannot be modified:
)
@@ -143,18 +148,6 @@ $(P
The hidden cost here is that there would be two separate arrays created for the two expressions above. For that reason, it may make more sense to define arrays and associative arrays as $(C immutable) variables if they are going to be used more than once in the program.
)
-$(P
-$(C enum) constants can be initialized with results of function calls:
-)
-
----
- enum a = makeArray(); // called at compile time
----
-
-$(P
-This is possible with D's $(I compile time function execution) (CTFE) feature, which we will see in $(LINK2 /ders/d.en/functions_more.html, a later chapter).
-)
-
$(H6 $(IX variable, immutable) $(C immutable) variables)
$(P
diff --git a/ddili/src/ders/d.en/const_member_functions.d b/d.en/const_member_functions.d
similarity index 100%
rename from ddili/src/ders/d.en/const_member_functions.d
rename to d.en/const_member_functions.d
diff --git a/ddili/src/ders/d.en/contracts.cozum.d b/d.en/contracts.cozum.d
similarity index 99%
rename from ddili/src/ders/d.en/contracts.cozum.d
rename to d.en/contracts.cozum.d
index ff22320..b2ec985 100644
--- a/ddili/src/ders/d.en/contracts.cozum.d
+++ b/d.en/contracts.cozum.d
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ in {
} out (result) {
assert((result >= 0) && (result <= 2));
-} body {
+} do {
int winner;
if (goals1 > goals2) {
diff --git a/ddili/src/ders/d.en/contracts.d b/d.en/contracts.d
similarity index 95%
rename from ddili/src/ders/d.en/contracts.d
rename to d.en/contracts.d
index f4e83f2..ecface9 100644
--- a/ddili/src/ders/d.en/contracts.d
+++ b/d.en/contracts.d
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ string timeToString(in int hour, in int minute) {
---
$(P
-$(IX body) In contract programming, the same checks are written inside the $(C in) blocks of functions. When an $(C in) or $(C out) block is used, the actual body of the function must be specified as a $(C body) block:
+$(IX do, contract programming) In contract programming, the same checks are written inside the $(C in) blocks of functions. When an $(C in) or $(C out) block is used, the actual body of the function must be specified as a $(C do) block:
)
---
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ $(HILITE in) {
assert((hour >= 0) && (hour <= 23));
assert((minute >= 0) && (minute <= 59));
-} $(HILITE body) {
+} $(HILITE do) {
return format("%02s:%02s", hour, minute);
}
@@ -65,6 +65,10 @@ void main() {
}
---
+$(P
+$(IX body) $(I $(B Note:) In earlier versions of D, the $(C body) keyword was used for this purpose instead of $(C do).)
+)
+
$(P
A benefit of an $(C in) block is that all of the preconditions can be kept together and separate from the actual body of the function. This way, the function body would be free of $(C assert) checks about the preconditions. As needed, it is still possible and advisable to have other $(C assert) checks inside the function body as unrelated checks that guard against potential programming errors in the function body.
)
@@ -100,7 +104,7 @@ int daysInFebruary(in int year)
$(HILITE out (result)) {
assert((result == 28) || (result == 29));
-} body {
+} do {
return isLeapYear(year) ? 29 : 28;
}
---
@@ -136,7 +140,7 @@ $(LI $(C in): Optional)
$(LI $(C out): Optional)
-$(LI $(C body): Mandatory but the $(C body) keyword may be skipped if no $(C in) or $(C out) block is defined.)
+$(LI $(C do): Mandatory but the $(C do) keyword may be skipped if no $(C in) or $(C out) block is defined.)
$(LI $(C unittest): Optional and technically not a part of a function's definition but commonly defined right after the function.)
)
@@ -160,7 +164,7 @@ in {
} out {
assert(sum == (first + second));
-} body {
+} do {
first = (sum >= 7) ? 7 : sum;
second = sum - first;
}
@@ -231,7 +235,7 @@ Contrary to unit testing, contract programming features are enabled by default.
)
$(SHELL
-dmd deneme.d -w -release
+$ dmd deneme.d -w -release
)
$(P
@@ -245,7 +249,7 @@ We have seen in the $(LINK2 /ders/d.en/assert.html, $(C assert) and $(C enforce)
)
$(P
-The fact that it is possible to disable contract programming is an indication that contract programming is for protecting against programmer errors. For that reason, the decision here should be based on the same guidelines that we have seen in the $(LINK2 /ders/d.en/assert.html, $(C assert) and $(C enforce) chapter):
+The fact that it is possible to disable contract programming is an indication that contract programming is for protecting against programmer errors. For that reason, the decision here should be based on the same guidelines that we saw in the $(LINK2 /ders/d.en/assert.html, $(C assert) and $(C enforce) chapter):
)
$(UL
@@ -272,7 +276,7 @@ inout(int)[] middle(inout(int)[] originalSlice, size_t width)
out (result) {
assert(result.length == width);
-} body {
+} do {
$(HILITE enforce)(originalSlice.length >= width);
immutable start = (originalSlice.length - width) / 2;
@@ -334,7 +338,7 @@ in {
} out (result) {
// ...
-} body {
+} do {
int winner;
// ...
diff --git a/ddili/src/ders/d.en/copyright.d b/d.en/copyright.d
similarity index 98%
rename from ddili/src/ders/d.en/copyright.d
rename to d.en/copyright.d
index e812e67..1aac300 100644
--- a/ddili/src/ders/d.en/copyright.d
+++ b/d.en/copyright.d
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ $(BR)
$(BR)
$(P
-Copyleft (ɔ) 2009-2015 Ali Çehreli
+Copyleft (ɔ) 2009-2018 Ali Çehreli
)
$(BR)
diff --git a/ddili/src/ders/d.en/cozum_ozel.ddoc b/d.en/cozum_ozel.ddoc
similarity index 100%
rename from ddili/src/ders/d.en/cozum_ozel.ddoc
rename to d.en/cozum_ozel.ddoc
diff --git a/ddili/src/ders/d.en/destroy.d b/d.en/destroy.d
similarity index 99%
rename from ddili/src/ders/d.en/destroy.d
rename to d.en/destroy.d
index 8d1273d..9a39c66 100644
--- a/ddili/src/ders/d.en/destroy.d
+++ b/d.en/destroy.d
@@ -351,7 +351,7 @@ $(SHELL
$(H5 $(IX scoped) $(C scoped()) to call the destructor automatically)
$(P
-The program above has a weakness: The scopes may be exited before the $(C destroy()) lines are executed, commonly by thrown exceptions. If the $(C destroy()) lines must be executed even when exceptions are thrown, a solution is to take advantage of $(C scope()) and other features that we have seen in the $(LINK2 /ders/d.en/exceptions.html, Exceptions chapter).
+The program above has a weakness: The scopes may be exited before the $(C destroy()) lines are executed, commonly by thrown exceptions. If the $(C destroy()) lines must be executed even when exceptions are thrown, a solution is to take advantage of $(C scope()) and other features that we saw in the $(LINK2 /ders/d.en/exceptions.html, Exceptions chapter).
)
$(P
diff --git a/ddili/src/ders/d.en/do_while.cozum.d b/d.en/do_while.cozum.d
similarity index 100%
rename from ddili/src/ders/d.en/do_while.cozum.d
rename to d.en/do_while.cozum.d
diff --git a/ddili/src/ders/d.en/do_while.d b/d.en/do_while.d
similarity index 100%
rename from ddili/src/ders/d.en/do_while.d
rename to d.en/do_while.d
diff --git a/ddili/src/ders/d.cn/encapsulation.d b/d.en/encapsulation.d
similarity index 100%
rename from ddili/src/ders/d.cn/encapsulation.d
rename to d.en/encapsulation.d
diff --git a/ddili/src/ders/d.en/enum.cozum.d b/d.en/enum.cozum.d
similarity index 97%
rename from ddili/src/ders/d.en/enum.cozum.d
rename to d.en/enum.cozum.d
index 235ff17..026b0b4 100644
--- a/ddili/src/ders/d.en/enum.cozum.d
+++ b/d.en/enum.cozum.d
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ void main() {
}
writeln();
- // Infinite loop until the user wants to exit
+ // Unconditional loop until the user wants to exit
while (true) {
write("Operation? ");
diff --git a/ddili/src/ders/d.cn/enum.d b/d.en/enum.d
similarity index 97%
rename from ddili/src/ders/d.cn/enum.d
rename to d.en/enum.d
index 9d38a6f..73db7c3 100644
--- a/ddili/src/ders/d.cn/enum.d
+++ b/d.en/enum.d
@@ -205,6 +205,10 @@ $(P
$(IX manifest constant) $(IX constant, manifest) Such constants are $(LINK2 /ders/d.en/lvalue_rvalue.html, $(I rvalues)) and they are called $(I manifest constants).
)
+$(P
+It is possible to create manifest constants of arrays and associative arrays as well. However, as we will see later in $(LINK2 /ders/d.en/const_and_immutable.html, the Immutability chapter), $(C enum) arrays and associative arrays may have hidden costs.
+)
+
$(H5 Properties)
$(P
diff --git a/ddili/src/ders/d.en/exceptions.d b/d.en/exceptions.d
similarity index 99%
rename from ddili/src/ders/d.en/exceptions.d
rename to d.en/exceptions.d
index 7c1ef02..4198347 100644
--- a/ddili/src/ders/d.en/exceptions.d
+++ b/d.en/exceptions.d
@@ -938,11 +938,11 @@ The program terminates with an $(C assert) failure:
)
$(SHELL_SMALL
-core.exception.AssertError@$(HILITE deneme.d(3)): Assertion failure
+core.exception.AssertError@$(HILITE deneme.d(2)): Assertion failure
)
$(P
-$(C assert) validates program state and prints the file name and line number of the validation if it fails. The message above indicates that the assertion at line 3 of deneme.d has failed.
+$(C assert) validates program state and prints the file name and line number of the validation if it fails. The message above indicates that the assertion at line 2 of $(C deneme.d) has failed.
)
$(H6 Unexpected situations)
diff --git a/ddili/src/ders/d.en/files.cozum.d b/d.en/files.cozum.d
similarity index 100%
rename from ddili/src/ders/d.en/files.cozum.d
rename to d.en/files.cozum.d
diff --git a/ddili/src/ders/d.en/files.d b/d.en/files.d
similarity index 100%
rename from ddili/src/ders/d.en/files.d
rename to d.en/files.d
diff --git a/ddili/src/ders/d.cn/floating_point.cozum.d b/d.en/floating_point.cozum.d
similarity index 100%
rename from ddili/src/ders/d.cn/floating_point.cozum.d
rename to d.en/floating_point.cozum.d
diff --git a/ddili/src/ders/d.en/floating_point.d b/d.en/floating_point.d
similarity index 87%
rename from ddili/src/ders/d.en/floating_point.d
rename to d.en/floating_point.d
index c8a4da6..ab04310 100644
--- a/ddili/src/ders/d.en/floating_point.d
+++ b/d.en/floating_point.d
@@ -354,18 +354,14 @@ $(P
$(I $(B Note:) The variable $(C counter) above is a loop counter. Defining a variable explicitly for that purpose is not recommended. Instead, a common approach is to use a $(C foreach) loop, which we will see in $(LINK2 /ders/d.en/foreach.html, a later chapter).)
)
-$(H5 Comparing floating point values)
+$(H5 $(IX unordered) Unorderedness)
$(P
-We have seen the following comparison operations for integers: equal to ($(C ==)), not equal to ($(C !=)), less than ($(C <)), greater than ($(C >)), less than or equal to ($(C <=)), and greater than or equal to ($(C >=)). Floating point types have many more comparison operators.
+The same comparison operators that we have covered with integers are used with floating point types as well. However, since the special value $(C .nan) represents invalid floating point values, comparing $(C .nan) to other values are not meaningful. For example, it does not make sense to ask whether $(C .nan) or $(C 1) is greater.
)
$(P
-Since the special value $(C .nan) represents invalid floating point values, some comparisons with other values are not meaningful. For example, it is meaningless to ask whether $(C .nan) or 1 is greater.
-)
-
-$(P
-$(IX unordered) For that reason, floating point values introduce another comparison concept: unordered. Being unordered means that at least one of the values is $(C .nan).
+For that reason, floating point values introduce another comparison concept: unorderedness. Being unordered means that at least one of the values is $(C .nan).
)
$(P
@@ -373,8 +369,6 @@ The following table lists all the floating point comparison operators. All of th
)
$(P
-$(IX <>)
-$(IX !<>)
The last column indicates whether the operation is meaningful if one of the operands is $(C .nan). For example, even though the result of the expression $(C 1.2 < real.nan) is $(C false), that result is meaningless because one of the operands is $(C real.nan). The result of the reverse comparison $(C real.nan < 1.2) would produce $(C false) as well. The abreviation lhs stands for $(I left-hand side), indicating the expression on the left-hand side of each operator.
)
@@ -402,27 +396,6 @@ The last column indicates whether the operation is meaningful if one of the oper
<=
is less than or equal to
$(UNORDERED_FALSE false)
$(UNORDERED_TRUE true)
$(UNORDERED_TRUE true)
$(UNORDERED_FALSE false)
$(UNORDERED_NO no)
-
-
!<>=
is not less than, not greater than, nor equal to
$(UNORDERED_FALSE false)
$(UNORDERED_FALSE false)
$(UNORDERED_FALSE false)
$(UNORDERED_TRUE true)
$(UNORDERED_YES yes)
-
-
-
<>
is less than or greater than
$(UNORDERED_TRUE true)
$(UNORDERED_TRUE true)
$(UNORDERED_FALSE false)
$(UNORDERED_FALSE false)
$(UNORDERED_NO no)
-
-
<>=
is less than, greater than, or equal to
$(UNORDERED_TRUE true)
$(UNORDERED_TRUE true)
$(UNORDERED_TRUE true)
$(UNORDERED_FALSE false)
$(UNORDERED_NO no)
-
-
-
!<=
is not less than nor equal to
$(UNORDERED_TRUE true)
$(UNORDERED_FALSE false)
$(UNORDERED_FALSE false)
$(UNORDERED_TRUE true)
$(UNORDERED_YES yes)
-
-
-
!<
is not less than
$(UNORDERED_TRUE true)
$(UNORDERED_FALSE false)
$(UNORDERED_TRUE true)
$(UNORDERED_TRUE true)
$(UNORDERED_YES yes)
-
-
!>=
is not greater than nor equal to
$(UNORDERED_FALSE false)
$(UNORDERED_TRUE true)
$(UNORDERED_FALSE false)
$(UNORDERED_TRUE true)
$(UNORDERED_YES yes)
-
-
-
!>
is not greater than
$(UNORDERED_FALSE false)
$(UNORDERED_TRUE true)
$(UNORDERED_TRUE true)
$(UNORDERED_TRUE true)
$(UNORDERED_YES yes)
-
-
!<>
is not less than nor greater than
$(UNORDERED_FALSE false)
$(UNORDERED_FALSE false)
$(UNORDERED_TRUE true)
$(UNORDERED_TRUE true)
$(UNORDERED_YES yes)
-
diff --git a/ddili/src/ders/d.cn/for.cozum.d b/d.en/for.cozum.d
similarity index 100%
rename from ddili/src/ders/d.cn/for.cozum.d
rename to d.en/for.cozum.d
diff --git a/ddili/src/ders/d.cn/for.d b/d.en/for.d
similarity index 100%
rename from ddili/src/ders/d.cn/for.d
rename to d.en/for.d
diff --git a/ddili/src/ders/d.cn/foreach.cozum.d b/d.en/foreach.cozum.d
similarity index 100%
rename from ddili/src/ders/d.cn/foreach.cozum.d
rename to d.en/foreach.cozum.d
diff --git a/ddili/src/ders/d.cn/foreach.d b/d.en/foreach.d
similarity index 95%
rename from ddili/src/ders/d.cn/foreach.d
rename to d.en/foreach.d
index f438c75..bc268f4 100644
--- a/ddili/src/ders/d.cn/foreach.d
+++ b/d.en/foreach.d
@@ -251,19 +251,24 @@ $(C foreach) can also be used with objects of user-defined types that define the
$(H5 $(IX counter, foreach) The counter is automatic only for arrays)
$(P
-The automatic counter is provided only when iterating over arrays. When a counter is needed while iterating over other types of containers, the counter can be defined and incremented explicitly:
+The automatic counter is provided only when iterating over arrays. There are two options for other containers
)
+$(UL
+$(LI Taking advantage of $(C std.range.enumerate) as we will see later in $(LINK2 /ders/d.en/foreach_opapply.html, the $(C foreach) with Structs and Classes chapter).)
+
+$(LI Defining and incrementing a counter variable explicitly:)
---
- size_t i = 0;
+ size_t $(HILITE i) = 0;
foreach (element; container) {
// ...
++i;
}
---
+)
$(P
-Such a variable is also needed when counting a specific condition. For example, the following code counts only the values that are divisible by 10:
+Such a variable is needed when counting a specific condition as well. For example, the following code counts only the values that are divisible by 10:
)
---
diff --git a/ddili/src/ders/d.cn/foreach_opapply.cozum.d b/d.en/foreach_opapply.cozum.d
similarity index 100%
rename from ddili/src/ders/d.cn/foreach_opapply.cozum.d
rename to d.en/foreach_opapply.cozum.d
diff --git a/ddili/src/ders/d.en/foreach_opapply.d b/d.en/foreach_opapply.d
similarity index 99%
rename from ddili/src/ders/d.en/foreach_opapply.d
rename to d.en/foreach_opapply.d
index 34b5c9d..0e843dd 100644
--- a/ddili/src/ders/d.en/foreach_opapply.d
+++ b/d.en/foreach_opapply.d
@@ -314,7 +314,6 @@ The following is a definition of $(C NumberRange) that is implemented according
struct NumberRange {
int begin;
int end;
-
// (2) (1)
int opApply(int delegate(ref int) operations) const {
int result = 0;
diff --git a/ddili/src/ders/d.cn/foreword1.d b/d.en/foreword1.d
similarity index 100%
rename from ddili/src/ders/d.cn/foreword1.d
rename to d.en/foreword1.d
diff --git a/ddili/src/ders/d.cn/foreword2.d b/d.en/foreword2.d
similarity index 100%
rename from ddili/src/ders/d.cn/foreword2.d
rename to d.en/foreword2.d
diff --git a/ddili/src/ders/d.cn/formatted_input.cozum.d b/d.en/formatted_input.cozum.d
similarity index 100%
rename from ddili/src/ders/d.cn/formatted_input.cozum.d
rename to d.en/formatted_input.cozum.d
diff --git a/ddili/src/ders/d.cn/formatted_input.d b/d.en/formatted_input.d
similarity index 100%
rename from ddili/src/ders/d.cn/formatted_input.d
rename to d.en/formatted_input.d
diff --git a/ddili/src/ders/d.en/formatted_output.cozum.d b/d.en/formatted_output.cozum.d
similarity index 100%
rename from ddili/src/ders/d.en/formatted_output.cozum.d
rename to d.en/formatted_output.cozum.d
diff --git a/d.en/formatted_output.d b/d.en/formatted_output.d
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..899c9f0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/d.en/formatted_output.d
@@ -0,0 +1,705 @@
+Ddoc
+
+$(DERS_BOLUMU $(IX output, formatted) $(IX formatted output) Formatted Output)
+
+$(P
+This chapter is about features of the $(C std.format) module, not about the core features of the D language.
+)
+
+$(P
+$(IX std) $(IX Phobos) Like all modules that have the prefix $(C std), $(C std.format) is a module inside Phobos, the standard library of D. There is not enough space to fully explore Phobos in this book.
+)
+
+$(P
+D's input and output format specifiers are similar to the ones in the C language.
+)
+
+$(P
+Before going further, I would like to summarize the format specifiers and flags, for your reference:
+)
+
+$(MONO
+$(B Flags) (can be used together)
+ - flush left
+ + print the sign
+ # print in the alternative way
+ 0 print zero-filled
+ $(I space) print space-filled
+
+$(B Format Specifiers)
+ s default
+ b binary
+ d decimal
+ o octal
+ x,X hexadecimal
+ f,F floating point in the standard decimal notation
+ e,E floating point in scientific notation
+ a,A floating point in hexadecimal notation
+ g,G as e or f
+
+ , digit separators
+
+ ( element format start
+ ) element format end
+ | element delimiter
+)
+
+$(P
+We have been using functions like $(C writeln) with multiple parameters as necessary to print the desired output. The parameters would be converted to their string representations and then
+ sent to the output.
+)
+
+$(P
+Sometimes this is not sufficient. The output may have to be in a very specific format. Let's look at the following code that is used to print items of an invoice:
+)
+
+---
+ items ~= 1.23;
+ items ~= 45.6;
+
+ for (int i = 0; i != items.length; ++i) {
+ writeln("Item ", i + 1, ": ", items[i]);
+ }
+---
+
+$(P
+The output:
+)
+
+$(SHELL
+Item 1: 1.23
+Item 2: 45.6
+)
+
+$(P
+Despite the information being correct, we may be required to print it in a different format. For example, maybe the decimal marks (the dots, in this case) must line up and we must ensure that there always are two digits after the decimal mark, as in the following output:
+)
+
+$(SHELL
+Item 1: 1.23
+Item 2: 45.60
+)
+
+$(P
+Formatted output is useful in such cases. The output functions that we have been using so far have counterparts that contain the letter $(C f) in their names: $(C writef()) and $(C writefln()). The letter $(C f) is short for $(I formatted). The first parameter of these functions is a $(I format string) that describes how the other parameters should be printed.
+)
+
+$(P
+For example, $(C writefln()) can produce the desired output above with the following format string:
+)
+
+---
+ writefln("Item %d:%9.02f", i + 1, items[i]);
+---
+
+$(P
+The format string contains regular characters that are passed to the output as is, as well as special format specifiers that correspond to each parameter that is to be printed. Format specifiers start with the $(C %) character and end with a $(I format character). The format string above has two format specifiers: $(C %d) and $(C %9.02f).
+)
+
+$(P
+Every specifier is associated with the respective parameter, usually in order of appearance. For example, $(C %d) is associated with $(C i + 1) and $(C %9.02f) is associated with $(C items[i]). Every specifier specifies the format of the parameter that it corresponds to. (Format specifiers may have parameter numbers as well. This will be explained later in the chapter.)
+)
+
+$(P
+All of the other characters of the format string that are not part of format specifiers are printed as is. Such $(I regular) characters of the format specifier above are highlighted in $(C "$(HILITE Item )%d$(HILITE :)%9.02f").
+)
+
+$(P
+Format specifiers consist of several parts, most of which are optional. The part named $(I position) will be explained later below. The others are the following: ($(I $(B Note:) The spaces between these parts are inserted here to help with readability; they are not part of the specifiers.))
+)
+
+$(MONO
+ % $(I$(C flags width separator precision format_character))
+)
+
+$(P
+The $(C %) character at the beginning and the format character at the end are required; the others are optional.
+)
+
+$(P
+Because $(C %) has a special meaning in format strings, when we need to print a $(C %) as a regular character, we must type it as $(C %%).
+)
+
+$(H5 $(I format_character))
+
+$(P $(IX %b) $(C b): An integer argument is printed in the binary system.
+)
+
+$(P $(IX %o, output) $(C o): An integer argument is printed in the octal system.
+)
+
+$(P $(IX %x, output) $(IX %X) $(C x) and $(C X): An integer argument is printed in the hexadecimal system; with lowercase letters when using $(C x) and with uppercase letters when using $(C X).
+)
+
+$(P $(IX %d, output) $(C d): An integer argument is printed in the decimal system; a negative sign is also printed if it is a signed type and the value is less than zero.
+)
+
+---
+ int value = 12;
+
+ writefln("Binary : %b", value);
+ writefln("Octal : %o", value);
+ writefln("Hexadecimal: %x", value);
+ writefln("Decimal : %d", value);
+---
+
+$(SHELL
+Binary : 1100
+Octal : 14
+Hexadecimal: c
+Decimal : 12
+)
+
+$(P $(IX %e) $(C e): A floating point argument is printed according to the following rules.
+)
+
+$(UL
+$(LI a single digit before the decimal mark)
+$(LI a decimal mark if $(I precision) is nonzero)
+$(LI the required digits after the decimal mark, the number of which is determined by $(I precision) (default precision is 6))
+$(LI the $(C e) character (meaning "10 to the power of"))
+$(LI the $(C -) or $(C +) character, depending on whether the exponent is less than or greater than zero)
+$(LI the exponent, consisting of at least two digits)
+)
+
+$(P $(IX %E) $(C E): Same as $(C e), with the exception of outputting the character $(C E) instead of $(C e).
+)
+
+$(P $(IX %f, output) $(IX %F) $(C f) and $(C F): A floating point argument is printed in the decimal system; there is at least one digit before the decimal mark and the default precision is 6 digits after the decimal mark.
+)
+
+$(P $(IX %g) $(C g): Same as $(C f) if the exponent is between -5 and $(I precision); otherwise same as $(C e). $(I precision) does not specify the number of digits after the decimal mark, but the significant digits of the entire value. If there are no significant digits after the decimal mark, then the decimal mark is not printed. The rightmost zeros after the decimal mark are not printed.
+)
+
+$(P $(IX %G) $(C G): Same as $(C g), with the exception of outputting the characters $(C E) or $(C F).
+)
+
+$(P $(IX %a) $(C a): A floating point argument is printed in the hexadecimal floating point notation:
+)
+
+$(UL
+$(LI the characters $(C 0x))
+$(LI a single hexadecimal digit)
+$(LI a decimal mark if $(I precision) is nonzero)
+$(LI the required digits after the decimal mark, the number of which is determined by $(I precision); if no $(I precision) is specified, then as many digits as necessary)
+$(LI the $(C p) character (meaning "2 to the power of"))
+$(LI the $(C -) or $(C +) character, depending on whether the exponent is less than or greater than zero)
+$(LI the exponent, consisting of at least one digit (the exponent of the value 0 is 0))
+)
+
+$(P $(IX %A) $(C A): Same as $(C a), with the exception of outputting the characters $(C 0X) and $(C P).
+)
+
+---
+ double value = 123.456789;
+
+ writefln("with e: %e", value);
+ writefln("with f: %f", value);
+ writefln("with g: %g", value);
+ writefln("with a: %a", value);
+---
+
+$(SHELL
+with e: 1.234568e+02
+with f: 123.456789
+with g: 123.457
+with a: 0x1.edd3c07ee0b0bp+6
+)
+
+$(P $(IX %s, output) $(C s): The value is printed in the same way as in regular output, according to the type of the argument:
+)
+
+$(UL
+
+$(LI $(C bool) values as $(C true) or $(C false)
+)
+$(LI integer values same as $(C %d)
+)
+$(LI floating point values same as $(C %g)
+)
+$(LI strings in UTF-8 encoding; $(I precision) determines the maximum number of bytes to use (remember that in UTF-8 encoding, the number of bytes is not the same as the number of characters; for example, the string "ağ" has 2 characters, consisting a total of 3 bytes)
+)
+$(LI struct and class objects as the return value of the $(C toString()) member functions of their types; $(I precision) determines the maximum number of bytes to use
+)
+$(LI arrays as their element values, side by side
+)
+
+)
+
+---
+ bool b = true;
+ int i = 365;
+ double d = 9.87;
+ string s = "formatted";
+ auto o = File("test_file", "r");
+ int[] a = [ 2, 4, 6, 8 ];
+
+ writefln("bool : %s", b);
+ writefln("int : %s", i);
+ writefln("double: %s", d);
+ writefln("string: %s", s);
+ writefln("object: %s", o);
+ writefln("array : %s", a);
+---
+
+$(SHELL
+bool : true
+int : 365
+double: 9.87
+string: formatted
+object: File(55738FA0)
+array : [2, 4, 6, 8]
+)
+
+$(H5 $(IX width, output) $(I width))
+
+$(P
+$(IX *, formatted output) This part determines the width of the field that the argument is printed in. If the width is specified as the character $(C *), then the actual width value is read from the next argument (that argument must be an $(C int)). If width is a negative value, then the $(C -) flag is assumed.
+)
+
+---
+ int value = 100;
+
+ writefln("In a field of 10 characters:%10s", value);
+ writefln("In a field of 5 characters :%5s", value);
+---
+
+$(SHELL
+In a field of 10 characters: 100
+In a field of 5 characters : 100
+)
+
+$(H5 $(IX $(PERCENT),) $(IX separator) $(I separator))
+
+$(P
+The comma character specifies to separate digits of a number in groups. The default number of digits in a group is 3 but it can be specified after the comma:
+)
+
+---
+ writefln("%,f", 1234.5678); // Groups of 3
+ writefln("%,s", 1000000); // Groups of 3
+ writefln("%,2s", 1000000); // Groups of 2
+---
+
+$(SHELL
+1,234.567,800
+1,000,000
+1,00,00,00
+)
+
+$(P
+If the number of digits is specified as the character $(C *), then the actual number of digits is read from the next argument (that argument must be an $(C int)).
+)
+
+---
+ writefln("%,*s", $(HILITE 1), 1000000); // Groups of 1
+---
+
+$(SHELL
+1,0,0,0,0,0,0
+)
+
+$(P
+Similarly, it is possible to specify the separator character by using a question mark after the comma and providing the character as an additional argument before the number:
+)
+
+---
+ writefln("%,?s", $(HILITE '.'), 1000000); // The separator is '.'
+---
+
+$(SHELL
+1$(HILITE .)000$(HILITE .)000
+)
+
+$(H5 $(IX precision, output) $(I precision))
+
+$(P
+Precision is specified after a dot in the format specifier. For floating point types, it determines the precision of the printed representation of the values. If the precision is specified as the character $(C *), then the actual precision is read from the next argument (that argument must be an $(C int)). Negative precision values are ignored.
+)
+
+---
+ double value = 1234.56789;
+
+ writefln("%.8g", value);
+ writefln("%.3g", value);
+ writefln("%.8f", value);
+ writefln("%.3f", value);
+---
+
+$(SHELL
+1234.5679
+1.23e+03
+1234.56789000
+1234.568
+)
+
+---
+ auto number = 0.123456789;
+ writefln("Number: %.*g", 4, number);
+---
+
+$(SHELL
+Number: 0.1235
+)
+
+$(H5 $(IX flags, output) $(I flags))
+
+$(P
+More than one flag can be specified.
+)
+
+$(P $(C -): the value is printed left-aligned in its field; this flag cancels the $(C 0) flag
+)
+
+---
+ int value = 123;
+
+ writefln("Normally right-aligned:|%10d|", value);
+ writefln("Left-aligned :|%-10d|", value);
+---
+
+$(SHELL
+Normally right-aligned:| 123|
+Left-aligned :|123 |
+)
+
+$(P $(C +): if the value is positive, it is prepended with the $(C +) character; this flag cancels the $(I space) flag
+)
+
+---
+ writefln("No effect for negative values : %+d", -50);
+ writefln("Positive value with the + flag : %+d", 50);
+ writefln("Positive value without the + flag: %d", 50);
+---
+
+$(SHELL
+No effect for negative values : -50
+Positive value with the + flag : +50
+Positive value without the + flag: 50
+)
+
+$(P $(C #): prints the value in an $(I alternate) form depending on the $(I format_character)
+)
+
+$(UL
+$(LI $(C o): the first character of the octal value is always printed as 0)
+
+$(LI $(C x) and $(C X): if the value is not zero, it is prepended with $(C 0x) or $(C 0X))
+
+$(LI floating points: a decimal mark is printed even if there are no significant digits after the decimal mark)
+
+$(LI $(C g) and $(C G): even the insignificant zero digits after the decimal mark are printed)
+)
+
+---
+ writefln("Octal starts with 0 : %#o", 1000);
+ writefln("Hexadecimal starts with 0x : %#x", 1000);
+ writefln("Contains decimal mark even when unnecessary: %#g", 1f);
+ writefln("Rightmost zeros are printed : %#g", 1.2);
+---
+
+$(SHELL
+Octal starts with 0 : 01750
+Hexadecimal starts with 0x : 0x3e8
+Contains decimal mark even when unnecessary: 1.00000
+Rightmost zeros are printed : 1.20000
+)
+
+$(P $(C 0): the field is padded with zeros (unless the value is $(C nan) or $(C infinity)); if $(I precision) is also specified, this flag is ignored
+)
+
+---
+ writefln("In a field of 8 characters: %08d", 42);
+---
+
+$(SHELL
+In a field of 8 characters: 00000042
+)
+
+$(P $(I space) character: if the value is positive, a space character is prepended to align the negative and positive values)
+
+---
+ writefln("No effect for negative values: % d", -34);
+ writefln("Positive value with space : % d", 56);
+ writefln("Positive value without space : %d", 56);
+---
+
+$(SHELL
+No effect for negative values: -34
+Positive value with space : 56
+Positive value without space : 56
+)
+
+
+$(H5 $(IX %1$) $(IX positional parameter, output) $(IX $, formatted output) Positional parameters)
+
+$(P
+We have seen above that the arguments are associated one by one with the specifiers in the format string. It is also possible to use position numbers within format specifiers. This enables associating the specifiers with specific arguments. Arguments are numbered in increasing fashion, starting with 1. The argument numbers are specified immediately after the $(C %) character, followed by a $(C $):
+)
+
+$(MONO
+ % $(I$(C $(HILITE position$) flags width precision format_character))
+)
+
+$(P
+An advantage of positional parameters is being able to use the same argument in more than one place in the same format string:
+)
+
+---
+ writefln("%1$d %1$x %1$o %1$b", 42);
+---
+
+$(P
+The format string above uses the argument numbered 1 within four specifiers to print it in decimal, hexadecimal, octal, and binary formats:
+)
+
+$(SHELL
+42 2a 52 101010
+)
+
+$(P
+Another application of positional parameters is supporting multiple natural languages. When referred by position numbers, arguments can be moved anywhere within the specific format string for a given human language. For example, the number of students of a given classroom can be printed as in the following:
+)
+
+---
+ writefln("There are %s students in room %s.", count, room);
+---
+
+$(SHELL
+There are 20 students in room 1A.
+)
+
+$(P
+Let's assume that the program must also support Turkish. In this case the format string needs to be selected according to the active language. The following method takes advantage of the ternary operator:
+)
+
+---
+ auto format = (language == "en"
+ ? "There are %s students in room %s."
+ : "%s sınıfında %s öğrenci var.");
+
+ writefln(format, count, room);
+---
+
+$(P
+Unfortunately, when the arguments are associated one by one, the classroom and student count information appear in reverse order in the Turkish message; the room information is where the count should be and the count is where the room should be:
+)
+
+$(SHELL
+20 sınıfında 1A öğrenci var. $(SHELL_NOTE_WRONG Wrong: means "room 20", and "1A students"!)
+)
+
+$(P
+To avoid this, the arguments can be specified by numbers, such as $(C 1$) and $(C 2$), to associate each specifier with the exact argument:
+)
+
+---
+ auto format = (language == "en"
+ ? "There are %1$s students in room %2$s."
+ : "%2$s sınıfında %1$s öğrenci var.");
+
+ writefln(format, count, room);
+---
+
+$(P
+Now the arguments appear in the proper order, regardless of the language selected:
+)
+
+$(SHELL
+There are 20 students in room 1A.
+)
+
+$(SHELL
+1A sınıfında 20 öğrenci var.
+)
+
+$(H5 $(IX %$(PARANTEZ_AC)) $(IX %$(PARANTEZ_KAPA)) Formatted element output)
+
+$(P
+Format specifiers between $(STRING %$(PARANTEZ_AC)) and $(STRING %$(PARANTEZ_KAPA)) are applied to every element of a container (e.g. an array or a range):
+)
+
+---
+ auto numbers = [ 1, 2, 3, 4 ];
+ writefln("%(%s%)", numbers);
+---
+
+$(P
+The format string above consists of three parts:
+)
+
+$(UL
+$(LI $(STRING %$(PARANTEZ_AC)): Start of element format)
+$(LI $(STRING %s): Format for each element)
+$(LI $(STRING %$(PARANTEZ_KAPA)): End of element format)
+)
+
+$(P
+Each being printed with the $(STRING %s) format, the elements appear one after the other:
+)
+
+$(SHELL
+1234
+)
+
+$(P
+The regular characters before and after the element format are repeated for each element. For example, the $(STRING {%s},) specifier would print each element between curly brackets separated by commas:
+)
+
+---
+ writefln("%({%s},%)", numbers);
+---
+
+$(P
+However, regular characters to the right of the format specifier are considered to be element delimiters and are printed only between elements, not after the last one:
+)
+
+$(SHELL
+{1},{2},{3},{4 $(SHELL_NOTE '}' and ',' are not printed after the last element)
+)
+
+$(P
+$(IX %|) $(STRING %|) is used for specifying the characters that should be printed even for the last element. Characters that are to the right of $(STRING %|) are considered to be the delimiters and are not printed for the last element. Conversely, characters to the left of $(STRING %|) are printed even for the last element.
+)
+
+$(P
+For example, the following format specifier would print the closing curly bracket after the last element but not the comma:
+)
+---
+ writefln("%({%s}%|,%)", numbers);
+---
+
+$(SHELL
+{1},{2},{3},{4} $(SHELL_NOTE '}' is printed after the last element as well)
+)
+
+$(P
+Unlike strings that are printed individually, strings that are printed as elements appear within double quotes:
+)
+
+---
+ auto vegetables = [ "spinach", "asparagus", "artichoke" ];
+ writefln("%(%s, %)", vegetables);
+---
+
+$(SHELL
+"spinach", "asparagus", "artichoke"
+)
+
+$(P
+$(IX %-$(PARANTEZ_AC)) When the double quotes are not desired, the element format must be started with $(STRING %-$(PARANTEZ_AC)) instead of $(STRING %$(PARANTEZ_AC)):
+)
+
+---
+ writefln("%-(%s, %)", vegetables);
+---
+
+$(SHELL
+spinach, asparagus, artichoke
+)
+
+$(P
+The same applies to characters as well. $(STRING %$(PARANTEZ_AC)) prints them within single quotes:
+)
+
+---
+ writefln("%(%s%)", "hello");
+---
+
+$(SHELL
+'h''e''l''l''o'
+)
+
+$(P
+$(STRING %-$(PARANTEZ_AC)) prints them without quotes:
+)
+
+---
+ writefln("%-(%s%)", "hello");
+---
+
+$(SHELL
+hello
+)
+
+$(P
+There must be two format specifiers for associative arrays: one for the keys and one for the values. For example, the following $(STRING %s (%s)) specifier would print first the key and then the value in parentheses:
+)
+
+---
+ auto spelled = [ 1 : "one", 10 : "ten", 100 : "hundred" ];
+ writefln("%-(%s (%s)%|, %)", spelled);
+---
+
+$(P
+Also note that, being specified to the right of $(STRING %|), the comma is not printed for the last element:
+)
+
+$(SHELL
+1 (one), 100 (hundred), 10 (ten)
+)
+
+$(H5 $(IX format, std.string) $(C format))
+
+$(P
+Formatted output is available through the $(C format()) function of the $(C std.string) module as well. $(C format()) works the same as $(C writef()) but it $(I returns) the result as a $(C string) instead of printing it to the output:
+)
+
+---
+import std.stdio;
+import std.string;
+
+void main() {
+ write("What is your name? ");
+ auto name = strip(readln());
+
+ auto result = $(HILITE format)("Hello %s!", name);
+}
+---
+
+$(P
+The program can make use of that result in later expressions.
+)
+
+$(H6 $(IX checked format string) Checked format string)
+
+$(P
+There is an alternative syntax for functions like $(C format) in the standard library that take a format string ($(C writef), $(C writefln), $(C formattedWrite), $(C readf), $(C formattedRead), etc.). It is possible to provide the format string as a $(I template argument) to these functions so that the validity of the format string and the arguments are checked at compile time:
+)
+
+---
+import std.stdio;
+
+void main() {
+ writefln!"%s %s"(1); $(DERLEME_HATASI) (extra %s)
+ writefln!"%s"(1, 2); $(DERLEME_HATASI) (extra 2)
+ writefln!"%s %d"(1, 2.5); $(DERLEME_HATASI) (mismatched %d and 2.5)
+}
+---
+
+$(P
+The $(C !) character above is the template instantiation operator, which we will see in $(LINK2 /ders/d.en/templates.html, a later chapter).
+)
+
+$(P
+($(I $(B Note:) Although this snytax is safer because it catches potential programmer errors at compile time, it may also make compilation times longer.))
+)
+
+$(PROBLEM_COK
+
+$(PROBLEM
+Write a program that reads a value and prints it in the hexadecimal system.
+)
+
+$(PROBLEM
+Write a program that reads a floating point value and prints it as percentage value with two digits after the decimal mark. For example, if the value is 1.2345, it should print $(C %1.23).
+)
+
+)
+
+Macros:
+ SUBTITLE=Formatted Output
+
+ DESCRIPTION=Printing values in certain formats.
+
+ KEYWORDS=d programming language tutorial book format output
diff --git a/ddili/src/ders/d.cn/frontispiece.d b/d.en/frontispiece.d
similarity index 100%
rename from ddili/src/ders/d.cn/frontispiece.d
rename to d.en/frontispiece.d
diff --git a/ddili/src/ders/d.cn/function_overloading.cozum.d b/d.en/function_overloading.cozum.d
similarity index 100%
rename from ddili/src/ders/d.cn/function_overloading.cozum.d
rename to d.en/function_overloading.cozum.d
diff --git a/ddili/src/ders/d.cn/function_overloading.d b/d.en/function_overloading.d
similarity index 100%
rename from ddili/src/ders/d.cn/function_overloading.d
rename to d.en/function_overloading.d
diff --git a/ddili/src/ders/d.cn/function_parameters.cozum.d b/d.en/function_parameters.cozum.d
similarity index 100%
rename from ddili/src/ders/d.cn/function_parameters.cozum.d
rename to d.en/function_parameters.cozum.d
diff --git a/ddili/src/ders/d.en/function_parameters.d b/d.en/function_parameters.d
similarity index 96%
rename from ddili/src/ders/d.en/function_parameters.d
rename to d.en/function_parameters.d
index 43021da..c648af5 100644
--- a/ddili/src/ders/d.en/function_parameters.d
+++ b/d.en/function_parameters.d
@@ -305,10 +305,6 @@ void foo(in int value) {
}
---
-$(P
-$(C in) is the equivalent of $(C const scope).
-)
-
$(H6 $(IX out, parameter) $(C out))
$(P
@@ -747,17 +743,19 @@ Calculating
$(H6 $(IX scope) $(C scope))
$(P
-This keyword specifies that a parameter will not be used beyond the scope of the function:
+$(IX DIP) $(IX -dip1000) This keyword specifies that a parameter will not be used beyond the scope of the function. As of this writing, $(C scope) is effective only if the function is defined as $(LINK2 /ders/d.en/functions_more.html, $(C @safe)) and if $(C -dip1000) compiler switch is used. DIP is short for $(I D Improvement Proposal). DIP 1000 is experimental as of this writing; so it may not work as expected in all cases.
)
-$(COMMENT_XXX We don't use the DERLEME_HATASI macro below because the codetester fails because 'scope' does not cause a compilation error.)
+$(SHELL
+$(SHELL_OBSERVED $) dmd -dip1000 deneme.d
+)
---
int[] globalSlice;
-int[] foo($(HILITE scope) int[] parameter) {
- globalSlice = parameter; // ← compilation ERROR
- return parameter; // ← compilation ERROR
+$(HILITE @safe) int[] foo($(HILITE scope) int[] parameter) {
+ globalSlice = parameter; $(DERLEME_HATASI)
+ return parameter; $(DERLEME_HATASI)
}
void main() {
@@ -767,11 +765,7 @@ void main() {
---
$(P
-That function violates the promise of $(C scope) in two places: It assigns the parameter to a global variable, and it returns it. Both of those would make it possible for the parameter to be accessed after the function finishes.
-)
-
-$(P
-($(I $(B Note:) dmd 2.071, the latest compiler used to compile the examples in this chapter, did not yet support the $(C scope) keyword.))
+The function above violates the promise of $(C scope) in two places: It assigns the parameter to a global variable, and it returns it. Both those actions would make it possible for the parameter to be accessed after the function finishes.
)
$(H6 $(IX shared, parameter) $(C shared))
diff --git a/ddili/src/ders/d.cn/functions.cozum.d b/d.en/functions.cozum.d
similarity index 100%
rename from ddili/src/ders/d.cn/functions.cozum.d
rename to d.en/functions.cozum.d
diff --git a/ddili/src/ders/d.cn/functions.d b/d.en/functions.d
similarity index 98%
rename from ddili/src/ders/d.cn/functions.d
rename to d.en/functions.d
index 48b2119..9ec9d24 100644
--- a/ddili/src/ders/d.cn/functions.d
+++ b/d.en/functions.d
@@ -136,7 +136,7 @@ This time there is an additional information that concerns some of the steps: "g
)
$(P
-$(IX , (comma), function parameter list) The behaviors of functions can be adjusted similarly to the omelet example. The information that functions use to adjust their behavior are called $(I parameters). Parameters are specified in the $(I function parameter list), separated by commas from each other. The parameter list rests inside of the parentheses that comes after the name of the function.
+$(IX , (comma), function parameter list) The behaviors of functions can be adjusted similarly to the omelet example. The information that functions use to adjust their behavior are called $(I parameters). Parameters are specified in a comma separated $(I function parameter list). The parameter list rests inside of the parentheses that comes after the name of the function.
)
$(P
@@ -642,7 +642,7 @@ The three commented groups of lines of the first version of the program have bee
)
$(P
-Another important benefit of removing comment lines is that comments tend to become outdated as the code gets modified over the time. Comments are sometimes forgotten to be updated along with the code and become either useless or, even worse, misleading. For that reason, it is beneficial to try to write programs without the need for comments.
+Another important benefit of removing comment lines is that comments tend to become outdated as the code gets modified over time. When updating code, programmers sometimes forget to update associated comments thus these comments become either useless or, even worse, misleading. For that reason, it is beneficial to try to write programs without the need for comments.
)
$(PROBLEM_COK
diff --git a/ddili/src/ders/d.en/functions_more.d b/d.en/functions_more.d
similarity index 96%
rename from ddili/src/ders/d.en/functions_more.d
rename to d.en/functions_more.d
index 3f165c2..8c3f06b 100644
--- a/ddili/src/ders/d.en/functions_more.d
+++ b/d.en/functions_more.d
@@ -573,6 +573,22 @@ Error: function deneme.foo (int delegate(double) $(HILITE pure) dg)
is $(HILITE not callable) using argument types (void)
)
+$(P
+One benefit of $(C pure) functions is that their return values can be used to initialize $(C immutable) variables. Although the array produced by $(C makeNumbers()) below is mutable, it is not possible for its elements to be changed by any code outside of that function. For that reason, the initialization works.
+)
+
+---
+int[] makeNumbers() pure {
+ int[] result;
+ result ~= 42;
+ return result;
+}
+
+void main() {
+ $(HILITE immutable) array = makeNumbers();
+}
+---
+
$(H6 $(IX nothrow) $(IX throw) $(C nothrow) functions)
$(P
@@ -655,7 +671,7 @@ int foo(int[] arr, size_t i) $(HILITE nothrow) {
---
$(P
-As in purity, the compiler automatically deduces whether a template, delegate, or anonymous function is $(C nothrow).
+As with purity, the compiler automatically deduces whether a template, delegate, or anonymous function is $(C nothrow).
)
$(H6 $(IX @nogc) $(C @nogc) functions)
@@ -714,7 +730,7 @@ Error: @nogc function 'deneme.foo' $(HILITE cannot call non-@nogc function)
$(H5 Code safety attributes)
$(P
-$(IX inference, @safe attribute) $(IX attribute inference, @safe) $(C @safe), $(C @trusted), and $(C @system) are about the code safety that a function provides. As in purity, the compiler infers the safety level of templates, delegates, anonymous functions, and $(C auto) functions.
+$(IX inference, @safe attribute) $(IX attribute inference, @safe) $(C @safe), $(C @trusted), and $(C @system) are about the code safety that a function provides. As with purity, the compiler infers the safety level of templates, delegates, anonymous functions, and $(C auto) functions.
)
$(H6 $(IX @safe) $(C @safe) functions)
@@ -733,7 +749,7 @@ $(LI Pointers cannot be converted to other pointer types other than $(C void*).)
$(LI A non-pointer expression cannot be converted to a pointer value.)
-$(LI Pointers cannot be mutated.)
+$(LI Pointer values cannot be changed (no pointer $(I arithmetic); however, assigning a pointer to another pointer of the same type is safe).)
$(LI Unions that have pointer or reference members cannot be used.)
diff --git a/ddili/src/ders/d.cn/goto.d b/d.en/goto.d
similarity index 100%
rename from ddili/src/ders/d.cn/goto.d
rename to d.en/goto.d
diff --git a/ddili/src/ders/d.de/hello_world.cozum.d b/d.en/hello_world.cozum.d
similarity index 92%
rename from ddili/src/ders/d.de/hello_world.cozum.d
rename to d.en/hello_world.cozum.d
index 2adc68b..50bd20a 100644
--- a/ddili/src/ders/d.de/hello_world.cozum.d
+++ b/d.en/hello_world.cozum.d
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ The following program cannot be compiled because the semicolon at the end of the
import std.stdio;
void main() {
- writeln("Hello world!") $(DERLEME_HATASI)
+ writeln("Hello, World!") $(DERLEME_HATASI)
}
---
)
diff --git a/ddili/src/ders/d.de/hello_world.d b/d.en/hello_world.d
similarity index 85%
rename from ddili/src/ders/d.de/hello_world.d
rename to d.en/hello_world.d
index 2b20edd..b544510 100644
--- a/ddili/src/ders/d.de/hello_world.d
+++ b/d.en/hello_world.d
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ $(DIV_CLASS page_one,
$(DERS_BOLUMU $(IX hello world) The Hello World Program)
$(P
-The first program to show in most programming language books is the $(I hello world) program. This very short and simple program merely writes "hello world" and finishes. This program is important because it includes some of the essential concepts of that language.
+The first program to show in most programming language books is the $(I hello world) program. This very short and simple program merely writes "Hello, World!" and finishes. This program is important because it includes some of the essential concepts of that language.
)
$(P
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ Here is a $(I hello world) program in D:
import std.stdio;
void main() {
- writeln("Hello world!");
+ writeln("Hello, World!");
}
---
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ $(IX gdc) $(IX ldc) At the time of writing this chapter, there are three D compi
)
$(P
-$(IX dmd) $(C dmd) is the D compiler that has been used during the design and development of the language over the years. All of the examples in this book have been tested with $(C dmd). For that reason, it would be the easiest for you to start with $(C dmd) and try other compilers only if you have a specific need to. The code samples in this book were compiled with $(C dmd) version 2.069.
+$(IX dmd) $(C dmd) is the D compiler that has been used during the design and development of the language over the years. All of the examples in this book have been tested with $(C dmd). For that reason, it would be the easiest for you to start with $(C dmd) and try other compilers only if you have a specific need to. The code samples in this book were compiled with $(C dmd) version $(DVER).
)
$(P
@@ -85,12 +85,12 @@ If the compiler has instead printed some messages, you probably have made a mist
)
$(P
-Once the program has been created successfully, type the name of the executable program to run it. You should see that the program prints "Hello world!":
+Once the program has been created successfully, type the name of the executable program to run it. You should see that the program prints "Hello, World!":
)
$(SHELL
-$(SHELL_OBSERVED $) ./hello $(SHELL_NOTE running the program)
-Hello world! $(SHELL_NOTE the message that it prints)
+$(SHELL_OBSERVED $) ./hello $(SHELL_NOTE running the program)
+Hello, World! $(SHELL_NOTE the message that it prints)
)
$(P
@@ -100,19 +100,12 @@ Congratulations! Your first D program works as expected.
$(H5 $(IX compiler switch) Compiler switches)
$(P
-The compiler has many command line switches that are used for influencing how it compiles the program. To see a list of compiler switches enter only the name of the compiler:
+The compiler has many command line switches that are used for influencing how it compiles the program. To see a list of compiler switches enter just the name of the compiler:
)
$(SHELL
-$(SHELL_OBSERVED $) dmd $(SHELL_NOTE enter only the name)
-DMD64 D Compiler v2.069.0
-Copyright (c) 1999-2015 by Digital Mars written by Walter Bright
-Documentation: http://dlang.org/
-Config file: /etc/dmd.conf
-Usage:
- dmd files.d ... { -switch }
-
- files.d D source files
+$(SHELL_OBSERVED $) dmd $(SHELL_NOTE enter just the name)
+DMD64 D Compiler v$(DVER)
...
-de show use of deprecated features as errors (halt compilation)
...
@@ -135,12 +128,12 @@ The complete list of $(C dmd) command line switches can be found in the $(LINK2
)
$(P
-One other command line switch that you may find useful is $(C -run). It compiles the source code, produces the executable program, and runs it with a single command:
+One other command line switch that you may find useful is $(C -run). It compiles the source code, produces the executable program, and runs it with a single command. $(C -run) must be the last of compiler switches, specified right before the name of the source file:
)
$(SHELL
-$(SHELL_OBSERVED $) dmd $(HILITE -run) hello.d -w -unittest
-Hello world! $(SHELL_NOTE the program is automatically executed)
+$(SHELL_OBSERVED $) dmd -de -w -unittest $(HILITE -run) hello.d
+Hello, World! $(SHELL_NOTE the program is automatically executed)
)
$(H5 $(IX IDE) IDE)
@@ -176,7 +169,7 @@ $(C writeln) above is a $(I function) in D's standard $(I library). It is used f
$(P $(B Module): Library contents are grouped by types of tasks that they intend to help with. Such a group is called a module. The only module that this program uses is $(C std.stdio), which handles data input and output.
)
-$(P $(B Character and string): Expressions like $(STRING "Hello world!") are called $(I strings), and the elements of strings are called $(I characters). The only string in this program contains characters $(STRING 'H'), $(STRING 'e'), $(STRING '!'), and others.
+$(P $(B Character and string): Expressions like $(STRING "Hello, World!") are called $(I strings), and the elements of strings are called $(I characters). The only string in this program contains characters $(STRING 'H'), $(STRING 'e'), $(STRING '!'), and others.
)
$(P $(B Order of operations): Programs complete their tasks by executing operations in a certain order. These tasks start with the operations that are written in the function named $(C main). The only operation in this program writes "Hello world!".
@@ -190,11 +183,11 @@ $(IX keyword) $(B Keyword): Special words that are a part of the core features o
)
$(P
-The complete list of D keywords is $(C abstract), $(C alias), $(C align), $(C asm), $(C assert), $(C auto), $(C body), $(C bool), $(C break), $(C byte), $(C case), $(C cast), $(C catch), $(C cdouble), $(C cent), $(C cfloat), $(C char), $(C class), $(C const), $(C continue), $(C creal), $(C dchar), $(C debug), $(C default), $(C delegate), $(C delete), $(C deprecated), $(C do), $(C double), $(C else), $(C enum), $(C export), $(C extern), $(C false), $(C final), $(C finally), $(C float), $(C for), $(C foreach), $(C foreach_reverse), $(C function), $(C goto), $(C idouble), $(C if), $(C ifloat), $(C immutable), $(C import), $(C in), $(C inout), $(C int), $(C interface), $(C invariant), $(C ireal), $(C is), $(C lazy), $(C long), $(C macro), $(C mixin), $(C module), $(C new), $(C nothrow), $(C null), $(C out), $(C override), $(C package), $(C pragma), $(C private), $(C protected), $(C public), $(C pure), $(C real), $(C ref), $(C return), $(C scope), $(C shared), $(C short), $(C static), $(C struct), $(C super), $(C switch), $(C synchronized), $(C template), $(C this), $(C throw), $(C true), $(C try), $(C typedef), $(C typeid), $(C typeof), $(C ubyte), $(C ucent), $(C uint), $(C ulong), $(C union), $(C unittest), $(C ushort), $(C version), $(C void), $(C volatile), $(C wchar), $(C while), $(C with), $(C __FILE__), $(C __MODULE__), $(C __LINE__), $(C __FUNCTION__), $(C __PRETTY_FUNCTION__), $(C __gshared), $(C __traits), $(C __vector), and $(C __parameters).
+The complete list of D keywords is $(C abstract), $(C alias), $(C align), $(C asm), $(C assert), $(C auto), $(C body), $(C bool), $(C break), $(C byte), $(C case), $(C cast), $(C catch), $(C cdouble), $(C cent), $(C cfloat), $(C char), $(C class), $(C const), $(C continue), $(C creal), $(C dchar), $(C debug), $(C default), $(C delegate), $(C delete), $(C deprecated), $(C do), $(C double), $(C else), $(C enum), $(C export), $(C extern), $(C false), $(C final), $(C finally), $(C float), $(C for), $(C foreach), $(C foreach_reverse), $(C function), $(C goto), $(C idouble), $(C if), $(C ifloat), $(C immutable), $(C import), $(C in), $(C inout), $(C int), $(C interface), $(C invariant), $(C ireal), $(C is), $(C lazy), $(C long), $(C macro), $(C mixin), $(C module), $(C new), $(C nothrow), $(C null), $(C out), $(C override), $(C package), $(C pragma), $(C private), $(C protected), $(C public), $(C pure), $(C real), $(C ref), $(C return), $(C scope), $(C shared), $(C short), $(C static), $(C struct), $(C super), $(C switch), $(C synchronized), $(C template), $(C this), $(C throw), $(C true), $(C try), $(C typedef), $(C typeid), $(C typeof), $(C ubyte), $(C ucent), $(C uint), $(C ulong), $(C union), $(C unittest), $(C ushort), $(C version), $(C void), $(C volatile), $(C wchar), $(C while), $(C with), $(C __FILE__), $(C __FILE_FULL_PATH__), $(C __MODULE__), $(C __LINE__), $(C __FUNCTION__), $(C __PRETTY_FUNCTION__), $(C __gshared), $(C __traits), $(C __vector), and $(C __parameters).
)
$(P
-$(IX asm) $(IX __vector) $(IX delete) $(IX typedef) $(IX volatile) $(IX macro) We will cover these in the upcoming chapters with the exception of these keywords: $(LINK2 http://dlang.org/statement.html#AsmStatement, $(C asm)) and $(LINK2 http://dlang.org/phobos/core_simd.html#.Vector, $(C __vector)) are outside of the scope of this book; $(C delete), $(C typedef), and $(C volatile) are deprecated; and $(C macro) is unused by D at this time.
+$(IX asm) $(IX body) $(IX __vector) $(IX delete) $(IX typedef) $(IX volatile) $(IX macro) We will cover these keywords in the upcoming chapters with the exception of the following ones: $(LINK2 http://dlang.org/statement.html#AsmStatement, $(C asm)) and $(LINK2 http://dlang.org/phobos/core_simd.html#.Vector, $(C __vector)) are outside of the scope of this book; $(C body), $(C delete), $(C typedef), and $(C volatile) are deprecated; and $(C macro) is unused by D at this time.
)
$(PROBLEM_COK
diff --git a/ddili/src/ders/d.en/if.cozum.d b/d.en/if.cozum.d
similarity index 100%
rename from ddili/src/ders/d.en/if.cozum.d
rename to d.en/if.cozum.d
diff --git a/ddili/src/ders/d.en/if.d b/d.en/if.d
similarity index 100%
rename from ddili/src/ders/d.en/if.d
rename to d.en/if.d
diff --git a/ddili/src/ders/d.cn/inheritance.cozum.d b/d.en/inheritance.cozum.d
similarity index 100%
rename from ddili/src/ders/d.cn/inheritance.cozum.d
rename to d.en/inheritance.cozum.d
diff --git a/ddili/src/ders/d.cn/inheritance.d b/d.en/inheritance.d
similarity index 100%
rename from ddili/src/ders/d.cn/inheritance.d
rename to d.en/inheritance.d
diff --git a/ddili/src/ders/d.en/input.cozum.d b/d.en/input.cozum.d
similarity index 100%
rename from ddili/src/ders/d.en/input.cozum.d
rename to d.en/input.cozum.d
diff --git a/ddili/src/ders/d.en/input.d b/d.en/input.d
similarity index 94%
rename from ddili/src/ders/d.en/input.d
rename to d.en/input.d
index 1461557..b4e1255 100644
--- a/ddili/src/ders/d.en/input.d
+++ b/d.en/input.d
@@ -64,7 +64,15 @@ I will leave one peculiarity about the use of $(C readf) for later; for now, let
---
$(P
-$(I $(B Note:) As I explain below, in most cases there must also be a space: $(STRING " %s").)
+Actually, $(C readf) can work without the $(C &) character as well:
+)
+
+---
+ readf("%s", studentCount); // same as above
+---
+
+$(P
+Although the code is cleaner and safer without the $(C &) character, I will continue to use $(C readf) with pointers partly to prepare you to the concepts of $(LINK2 /ders/d.en/value_vs_reference.html, references) and $(LINK2 /ders/d.en/function_parameters.html, reference function parameters).
)
$(P
diff --git a/ddili/src/ders/d.cn/interface.d b/d.en/interface.d
similarity index 99%
rename from ddili/src/ders/d.cn/interface.d
rename to d.en/interface.d
index 0834f41..5874380 100644
--- a/ddili/src/ders/d.cn/interface.d
+++ b/d.en/interface.d
@@ -354,7 +354,7 @@ Although the example above contains a $(C struct), $(C static) member functions
$(H5 $(IX final) $(C final) member functions)
$(P
-I have delayed explaining $(C final) member functions until this chapter to keep the earlier chapters shorter. $(C final) member functions are available only for classes and interfaces; they are not relevant to structs because structs do not support inheritance.
+I have delayed explaining $(C final) member functions until this chapter to keep the earlier chapters shorter. $(C final) member functions are relevant only for classes and interfaces because structs do not support inheritance.
)
$(P
diff --git a/ddili/src/ders/d.cn/invariant.d b/d.en/invariant.d
similarity index 99%
rename from ddili/src/ders/d.cn/invariant.d
rename to d.en/invariant.d
index d06fbce..b302a56 100644
--- a/ddili/src/ders/d.cn/invariant.d
+++ b/d.en/invariant.d
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ in {
} out (result) {
assert(result >= 0);
-} body {
+} do {
immutable halfPerimeter = (a + b + c) / 2;
return sqrt(halfPerimeter
@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ public:
$(HILITE out (result)) {
assert(result >= 0);
- } body {
+ } do {
immutable halfPerimeter = (a + b + c) / 2;
return sqrt(halfPerimeter
@@ -123,7 +123,7 @@ struct Triangle {
assert(b <= (a + c));
assert(c <= (a + b));
- } body {
+ } do {
this.a = a;
this.b = b;
this.c = c;
@@ -249,7 +249,7 @@ $(IX -release, compiler switch) As with $(C in) and $(C out) blocks, the checks
)
$(SHELL
-dmd deneme.d -w -release
+$ dmd deneme.d -w -release
)
$(H5 $(IX contract inheritance) $(IX inheritance, contract) $(IX precondition, inherited) $(IX postcondition, inherited) $(IX in, inherited) $(IX out, inherited) Contract inheritance)
@@ -320,8 +320,8 @@ class Class : Iface {
assert((result.length != 0) &&
(result[0] == result[$ - 1]));
- } body {
- writeln("Class.func.body");
+ } do {
+ writeln("Class.func.do");
/* This is just an artificial implementation to
* demonstrate how the 'in' and 'out' blocks are
@@ -366,7 +366,7 @@ The $(C in) block of $(C Class) is executed only because the parameters fail to
$(SHELL
Iface.func.in
Class.func.in $(SHELL_NOTE would not be executed if Iface.func.in succeeded)
-Class.func.body
+Class.func.do
Iface.func.out
Class.func.out
[42, 1, 2, 2, 3, 42]
@@ -392,7 +392,7 @@ class Protocol {
in {
assert($(HILITE d > 42));
- } body {
+ } do {
// ...
}
}
@@ -424,7 +424,7 @@ class SpecialProtocol : Protocol {
in {
$(HILITE assert(false));
- } body {
+ } do {
// ...
}
}
diff --git a/ddili/src/ders/d.cn/io.cozum.d b/d.en/io.cozum.d
similarity index 100%
rename from ddili/src/ders/d.cn/io.cozum.d
rename to d.en/io.cozum.d
diff --git a/ddili/src/ders/d.en/io.d b/d.en/io.d
similarity index 97%
rename from ddili/src/ders/d.en/io.d
rename to d.en/io.d
index 9254cb2..38c5e69 100644
--- a/ddili/src/ders/d.en/io.d
+++ b/d.en/io.d
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ $(C writeln) that we've been using in the previous chapters is actually short fo
import std.stdio;
void main() {
- $(HILITE stdout.)writeln("Hello world!");
+ $(HILITE stdout.)writeln("Hello, World!");
}
---
diff --git a/ddili/src/ders/d.en/is_expr.d b/d.en/is_expr.d
similarity index 98%
rename from ddili/src/ders/d.en/is_expr.d
rename to d.en/is_expr.d
index dbbbfd5..1b67cd9 100644
--- a/ddili/src/ders/d.en/is_expr.d
+++ b/d.en/is_expr.d
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ Ddoc
$(DERS_BOLUMU $(IX is, expression) $(CH4 is) Expression)
$(P
-The $(C is) $(I expression) is not related to the $(C is) $(I operator) that we have seen in $(LINK2 /ders/d.en/null_is.html, The $(CH4 null) Value and the $(CH4 is) Operator chapter), neither syntactically nor semantically:
+The $(C is) $(I expression) is not related to the $(C is) $(I operator) that we saw in $(LINK2 /ders/d.en/null_is.html, The $(CH4 null) Value and the $(CH4 is) Operator chapter), neither syntactically nor semantically:
)
---
diff --git a/ddili/src/ders/d.cn/ix.d b/d.en/ix.d
similarity index 100%
rename from ddili/src/ders/d.cn/ix.d
rename to d.en/ix.d
diff --git a/ddili/src/ders/d.cn/lambda.d b/d.en/lambda.d
similarity index 98%
rename from ddili/src/ders/d.cn/lambda.d
rename to d.en/lambda.d
index dc29fab..330573c 100644
--- a/ddili/src/ders/d.cn/lambda.d
+++ b/d.en/lambda.d
@@ -1112,7 +1112,7 @@ As seen in its declaration, this overload of $(C toString()) does not return a $
)
$(P
-$(IX formattedWrite, std.format) All the programmer needs to do differently is to call $(C std.format.formattedWrite) instead of $(C std.string.format) and pass the $(C delegate) parameter as its first parameter:
+$(IX formattedWrite, std.format) All the programmer needs to do differently is to call $(C std.format.formattedWrite) instead of $(C std.string.format) and pass the $(C delegate) parameter as its first parameter (in UFCS below). Also note that the following calls are providing the format strings as template arguments to take advantage of $(C formattedWrite)'s compile-time format string checks.
)
---
@@ -1124,7 +1124,7 @@ struct Point {
int y;
void toString(void delegate(const(char)[]) sink) const {
- $(HILITE formattedWrite)(sink, "(%s,%s)", x, y);
+ sink.$(HILITE formattedWrite)!"(%s,%s)"(x, y);
}
}
@@ -1134,7 +1134,7 @@ struct Color {
ubyte b;
void toString(void delegate(const(char)[]) sink) const {
- $(HILITE formattedWrite)(sink, "RGB:%s,%s,%s", r, g, b);
+ sink.$(HILITE formattedWrite)!"RGB:%s,%s,%s"(r, g, b);
}
}
@@ -1143,7 +1143,7 @@ struct ColoredPoint {
Point point;
void toString(void delegate(const(char)[]) sink) const {
- $(HILITE formattedWrite)(sink, "{%s;%s}", color, point);
+ sink.$(HILITE formattedWrite)!"{%s;%s}"(color, point);
}
}
@@ -1151,7 +1151,7 @@ struct Polygon {
ColoredPoint[] points;
void toString(void delegate(const(char)[]) sink) const {
- $(HILITE formattedWrite)(sink, "%s", points);
+ sink.$(HILITE formattedWrite)!"%s"(points);
}
}
diff --git a/ddili/src/ders/d.en/lazy_operators.d b/d.en/lazy_operators.d
similarity index 100%
rename from ddili/src/ders/d.en/lazy_operators.d
rename to d.en/lazy_operators.d
diff --git a/ddili/src/ders/d.cn/lifetimes.d b/d.en/lifetimes.d
similarity index 95%
rename from ddili/src/ders/d.cn/lifetimes.d
rename to d.en/lifetimes.d
index 6054431..0cd7a3e 100644
--- a/ddili/src/ders/d.cn/lifetimes.d
+++ b/d.en/lifetimes.d
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ Before getting to structs and classes, it will be better to talk about some impo
)
$(P
-We have been calling any piece of data that represented a concept in a program a $(I variable). In a few places we have called struct and class variables specifically as $(I objects). I will continue calling both of these concepts variables in this chapter.
+We have been calling any piece of data that represented a concept in a program a $(I variable). In a few places we have referred to struct and class variables specifically as $(I objects). I will continue calling both of these concepts variables in this chapter.
)
$(P
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ The time between when a variable is defined and when it is $(I finalized) is the
)
$(P
-You would remember from the $(LINK2 /ders/d.en/name_space.html, Name Scope chapter) how variables become unavailable. In simple cases, exiting the scope where a variable has been defined would make that variable unavailable.
+You would remember from the $(LINK2 /ders/d.en/name_space.html, Name Scope chapter) how variables become unavailable. In simple cases, exiting the scope where a variable was defined would render that variable unavailable.
)
$(P
@@ -306,8 +306,8 @@ Variables can be finalized in two ways:
)
$(UL
-$(LI $(B When the lifetime ends): The finalization happens upon the end of life of the variable.)
-$(LI $(B Some time in the future): The finalization happens at an indeterminate time in the future by the garbage collector.)
+$(LI $(B When the lifetime ends): Finalization happens at the end of the variable's life.)
+$(LI $(B Some time in the future): Finalization happens at an indeterminate time in the future by the garbage collector.)
)
$(P
diff --git a/ddili/src/ders/d.cn/literals.cozum.d b/d.en/literals.cozum.d
similarity index 100%
rename from ddili/src/ders/d.cn/literals.cozum.d
rename to d.en/literals.cozum.d
diff --git a/ddili/src/ders/d.en/literals.d b/d.en/literals.d
similarity index 95%
rename from ddili/src/ders/d.en/literals.d
rename to d.en/literals.d
index d63f3c3..320d115 100644
--- a/ddili/src/ders/d.en/literals.d
+++ b/d.en/literals.d
@@ -271,12 +271,6 @@ $(P
Wysiwyg string literals can alternatively be specified using double quotes but prepended with the $(C r) character: $(C r"c:\nurten") is also a wysiwyg string literal.
)
-$(H6 $(IX hexadecimal string literal) Hexadecimal string literals)
-
-$(P
-In situations where every character in a string needs to be specified in hexadecimal system, instead of typing $(C \x) before every one of them, a single $(C x) character may be typed before the opening double quote. In that case, every character in the string literal is taken to be hexadecimal. Additionally, the string literal may contain spaces, which are ignored by the compiler. For example, $(C "\x44\x64\x69\x6c\x69") and $(C x"44 64 69 6c 69") are the same string literal.
-)
-
$(H6 $(IX q"") $(IX delimited string literal) Delimited string literals)
$(P
@@ -362,7 +356,7 @@ Change the program so that the line can be compiled and that $(C amount) equals
)
$(PROBLEM
-Write a program that increases the value of a variable and prints it in an infinite loop. Make the value always be printed on the same line, overwriting the previous value:
+Write a program that increases the value of a variable and prints it continuously. Make the value always be printed on the same line, overwriting the previous value:
$(SHELL
Number: 25774 $(SHELL_NOTE always on the same line)
diff --git a/ddili/src/ders/d.cn/logical_expressions.cozum.d b/d.en/logical_expressions.cozum.d
similarity index 100%
rename from ddili/src/ders/d.cn/logical_expressions.cozum.d
rename to d.en/logical_expressions.cozum.d
diff --git a/ddili/src/ders/d.en/logical_expressions.d b/d.en/logical_expressions.d
similarity index 98%
rename from ddili/src/ders/d.en/logical_expressions.d
rename to d.en/logical_expressions.d
index ae1bc1d..0b7aa47 100644
--- a/ddili/src/ders/d.en/logical_expressions.d
+++ b/d.en/logical_expressions.d
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ There is coffee: false
)
$(P
-will mean that "there isn't coffee". Note that the fact that "is" appears on the left-hand side does not mean that coffee exists. I use the "... is ...: false" construct to mean "is not" or "is false".
+will mean that "there isn't coffee". I use the "... is ...: false" construct to mean "is not" or "is false".
)
$(P
diff --git a/ddili/src/ders/d.en/lvalue_rvalue.d b/d.en/lvalue_rvalue.d
similarity index 89%
rename from ddili/src/ders/d.en/lvalue_rvalue.d
rename to d.en/lvalue_rvalue.d
index 36644df..e66bbf9 100644
--- a/ddili/src/ders/d.en/lvalue_rvalue.d
+++ b/d.en/lvalue_rvalue.d
@@ -140,7 +140,7 @@ $(HILITE is not callable) using argument types (int)
$(H5 $(IX auto ref, parameter) $(IX parameter, auto ref) Using $(C auto ref) parameters to accept both lvalues and rvalues)
$(P
-As was mentioned in the previous chapter, $(C auto ref) parameters of $(LINK2 /ders/d.en/templates.html, function templates) can take both lvalues and rvalues.
+As it was mentioned in the previous chapter, $(C auto ref) parameters of $(LINK2 /ders/d.en/templates.html, function templates) can take both lvalues and rvalues.
)
$(P
@@ -170,7 +170,21 @@ void main() {
---
$(P
-As mentioned in the code comment above, the mutation to the parameter may not be observable by the caller. For that reason, $(C auto ref) is mostly used in situations where the parameter is not modified; it is used mostly as $(C auto ref const).
+$(IX isRef) It is possible to determine whether the parameter is an lvalue or an rvalue by using $(C __traits(isRef)) with $(C static if) :
+)
+
+---
+void incrementByTen()(auto ref int value) {
+ $(HILITE static if) (__traits($(HILITE isRef), value)) {
+ // 'value' is passed by reference
+ } else {
+ // 'value' is copied
+ }
+}
+---
+
+$(P
+We will see $(C static if) and $(C __traits) later in $(LINK2 /ders/d.en/cond_comp.html, the Conditional Compilation chapter).
)
$(H5 Terminology)
diff --git a/ddili/src/ders/d.cn/main.cozum.d b/d.en/main.cozum.d
similarity index 100%
rename from ddili/src/ders/d.cn/main.cozum.d
rename to d.en/main.cozum.d
diff --git a/ddili/src/ders/d.cn/main.d b/d.en/main.d
similarity index 99%
rename from ddili/src/ders/d.cn/main.d
rename to d.en/main.d
index cdf121c..36cf423 100644
--- a/ddili/src/ders/d.cn/main.d
+++ b/d.en/main.d
@@ -233,7 +233,7 @@ import std.stdio;
int main(string[] args) {
if (args.length != 3) {
- stderr.writefln("ERROR! Correct usage:\n"
+ stderr.writefln("ERROR! Correct usage:\n" ~
" %s word1 word2", args[0]);
return 1;
}
diff --git a/ddili/src/ders/d.cn/member_functions.cozum.d b/d.en/member_functions.cozum.d
similarity index 100%
rename from ddili/src/ders/d.cn/member_functions.cozum.d
rename to d.en/member_functions.cozum.d
diff --git a/ddili/src/ders/d.cn/member_functions.d b/d.en/member_functions.d
similarity index 100%
rename from ddili/src/ders/d.cn/member_functions.d
rename to d.en/member_functions.d
diff --git a/ddili/src/ders/d.en/memory.d b/d.en/memory.d
similarity index 97%
rename from ddili/src/ders/d.en/memory.d
rename to d.en/memory.d
index 0c7f3a6..ed49992 100644
--- a/ddili/src/ders/d.en/memory.d
+++ b/d.en/memory.d
@@ -148,7 +148,7 @@ $(IX uninitialized array) $(IX array, uninitialized) $(IX = void) $(C buffer) is
---
$(P
-$(IX GC.calloc) We will use only $(C GC.calloc) from the $(C core.memory) module to reserve memory in this chapter. That module has many other features that are useful in various situations. Additionally, the memory allocation functions of the C standard library are avaliable in the $(C std.c.stdlib) module.
+$(IX GC.calloc) We will use only $(C GC.calloc) from the $(C core.memory) module to reserve memory in this chapter. That module has many other features that are useful in various situations. Additionally, the memory allocation functions of the C standard library are avaliable in the $(C core.stdc.stdlib) module.
)
$(P
@@ -275,7 +275,7 @@ void * reallocCleared(
/* Clear the extra bytes if extended. */
if (newLength > oldLength) {
- import std.c.string;
+ import core.stdc.string;
auto extendedPart = buffer + oldLength;
auto extendedLength = newLength - oldLength;
@@ -288,7 +288,7 @@ void * reallocCleared(
---
$(P
-$(IX memset, std.c.string) The function above uses $(C memset()) from the $(C std.c.string) module to clear the newly extended bytes. $(C memset()) assigns the specified value to the bytes of a memory area specified by a pointer and a length. In the example, it assigns $(C 0) to $(C extendedLength) number of bytes at $(C extendedPart).
+$(IX memset, core.stdc.string) The function above uses $(C memset()) from the $(C core.stdc.string) module to clear the newly extended bytes. $(C memset()) assigns the specified value to the bytes of a memory area specified by a pointer and a length. In the example, it assigns $(C 0) to $(C extendedLength) number of bytes at $(C extendedPart).
)
$(P
@@ -358,7 +358,7 @@ $(LI $(C NO_INTERIOR): Specifies that only pointers to the block's first address
)
$(P
-$(IX |) The values of $(C enum BlkAttr) are suitable to be used as bit flags that we have seen in $(LINK2 /ders/d.en/bit_operations.html, the Bit Operations chapter). The following is how two attributes can be merged by the $(C |) operator:
+$(IX |) The values of $(C enum BlkAttr) are suitable to be used as bit flags that we saw in $(LINK2 /ders/d.en/bit_operations.html, the Bit Operations chapter). The following is how two attributes can be merged by the $(C |) operator:
)
---
@@ -367,11 +367,11 @@ $(IX |) The values of $(C enum BlkAttr) are suitable to be used as bit flags tha
---
$(P
-Naturally, the GC would be aware only of memory blocks that are reserved by its own functions and scans only those memory blocks. For example, it would not know about a memory block allocated by $(C std.c.stdlib.calloc).
+Naturally, the GC would be aware only of memory blocks that are reserved by its own functions and scans only those memory blocks. For example, it would not know about a memory block allocated by $(C core.stdc.stdlib.calloc).
)
$(P
-$(IX GC.addRange) $(IX GC.removeRange) $(IX GC.addRoot) $(C GC.addRange) is for introducing unrelated memory blocks to the GC. The complement function $(C GC.removeRange) should be called before freeing a memory block by other means e.g. by $(C std.c.stdlib.free).
+$(IX GC.addRange) $(IX GC.removeRange) $(IX GC.addRoot) $(C GC.addRange) is for introducing unrelated memory blocks to the GC. The complement function $(C GC.removeRange) should be called before freeing a memory block by other means e.g. by $(C core.stdc.stdlib.free).
)
$(P
@@ -872,10 +872,10 @@ $(OL
$(LI Allocates memory large enough for the object. The newly allocated memory area is considered to be $(I raw), not associated with any type or any object.
)
-$(LI Calls the constructor of the object on that memory location. Only after this step the object becomes $(I placed) on that memory area.
+$(LI Copies the $(C .init) value of that type on that memory area and executes the constructor of the object on that area. Only after this step the object becomes $(I placed) on that memory area.
)
-$(LI Configure the memory block so it has all the necessary flags and infrastructure to properly destroy the object when freed.
+$(LI Configures the memory block so it has all the necessary flags and infrastructure to properly destroy the object when freed.
)
)
diff --git a/ddili/src/ders/d.cn/mixin.d b/d.en/mixin.d
similarity index 78%
rename from ddili/src/ders/d.cn/mixin.d
rename to d.en/mixin.d
index f7b69f6..d62c3c1 100644
--- a/ddili/src/ders/d.cn/mixin.d
+++ b/d.en/mixin.d
@@ -6,6 +6,10 @@ $(P
Mixins are for $(I mixing in) generated code into the source code. The mixed in code may be generated as a template instance or a $(C string).
)
+$(P
+Code can be inserted into the program as a $(I string import) as well.
+)
+
$(H5 $(IX template mixin) Template mixins)
$(P
@@ -235,7 +239,7 @@ For example, the $(I hello world) program can be written with a $(C mixin) as we
import std.stdio;
void main() {
- mixin (`writeln("hello world");`);
+ mixin (`writeln("Hello, World!");`);
}
---
@@ -244,7 +248,7 @@ The string gets inserted as code and the program produces the following output:
)
$(SHELL
-hello world
+Hello, World!
)
$(P
@@ -253,7 +257,7 @@ We can go further and insert all of the program as a string mixin:
---
mixin (
-`import std.stdio; void main() { writeln("hello world"); }`
+`import std.stdio; void main() { writeln("Hello, World!"); }`
);
---
@@ -273,8 +277,8 @@ string printStatement(string message) {
}
void main() {
- mixin (printStatement("hello world"));
- mixin (printStatement("hi world"));
+ mixin (printStatement("Hello, World!"));
+ mixin (printStatement("Hi, World!"));
}
---
@@ -283,8 +287,8 @@ The output:
)
$(SHELL
-hello world
-hi world
+Hello, World!
+Hi, World!
)
$(P
@@ -295,8 +299,8 @@ Note that the $(STRING "writeln") expressions are not executed inside $(C printS
import std.stdio;
void main() {
- writeln("hello world");
- writeln("hi world");
+ writeln("Hello, World!");
+ writeln("Hi, World!");
}
---
@@ -421,6 +425,134 @@ $(P
In fact, the reason why most operator member functions are defined as templates is to make the operators available as $(C string) values so that they can be used for code generation. We have seen examples of this both in that chapter and its exercise solutions.
)
+$(H5 $(IX destructor, mixin) Mixed in destructors)
+
+$(P
+It is possible to mix in multiple destructors to a user defined type. Those destructors are called in the reverse order of the $(C mixin) statements that added them. This feature allows mixing in different resources to a type, each introducing its own cleanup code.
+)
+
+---
+import std.stdio;
+
+mixin template Foo() {
+ ~this() {
+ writeln("Destructor mixed-in by Foo");
+ }
+}
+
+mixin template Bar() {
+ ~this() {
+ writeln("Destructor mixed-in by Bar");
+ }
+}
+
+struct S {
+ ~this() {
+ writeln("Actual destructor");
+ }
+ mixin Foo;
+ mixin Bar;
+}
+
+void main() {
+ auto s = S();
+}
+---
+
+$(SHELL
+Destructor mixed-in by Bar
+Destructor mixed-in by Foo
+Actual destructor
+)
+
+$(P
+Due to a bug as of this writing, the same behavior does not apply to other special functions like constructors. Additionally, a destructor mixed in by a string mixin does conflict with the existing destructor of the type.
+)
+
+$(H5 $(IX text file import) $(IX file import) $(IX import, file) $(IX string import) $(IX import, string) Importing text files)
+
+$(P
+It is possible to insert contents of text files into code at compile time. The contents are treated as $(C string) literals and can be used anywhere strings can be used. For example, they can be mixed in as code.
+)
+
+$(P
+For example, let's assume there are two text files on the file system named $(C file_one) and $(C file_two) having the following contents.
+)
+
+$(UL
+$(LI
+$(C file_one):
+)
+
+$(SHELL
+Hello
+)
+
+$(LI
+$(C file_two):
+)
+
+$(SHELL
+s ~= ", World!";
+import std.stdio;
+writeln(s);
+)
+
+)
+
+$(P
+The two $(C import) directives in the following program would correspond to the contents of those files converted to $(C string) literals at compile time:
+)
+
+---
+void main() {
+ string s = import ("file_one");
+ mixin (import ("file_two"));
+}
+---
+
+$(P
+$(IX -J, compiler switch) Text file imports (a.k.a. string imports) require the $(C -J) compiler switch which tells the compiler where to find the text files. For example, if the two files are in the $(I current directory) (specified with $(C .) in Linux environments), the program can be compiled with the following command:
+)
+
+$(SHELL
+$ dmd $(HILITE -J.) deneme.d
+)
+
+$(P
+The output:
+)
+
+$(SHELL
+Hello, World!
+)
+
+$(P
+Considering the file contents as $(C string) literals, the program is the equivalent of the following one:
+)
+
+---
+void main() {
+ string s = `Hello`; $(CODE_NOTE Content of file_one as string)
+ mixin (`s ~= ", World!";
+import std.stdio;
+writeln(s);`); $(CODE_NOTE Content of file_two as string)
+}
+---
+
+$(P
+Further, considering the mixed-in string as well, the program is the equivalent of the following one:
+)
+
+---
+void main() {
+ string s = `Hello`;
+ s ~= ", World!";
+ import std.stdio;
+ writeln(s);
+}
+---
+
$(H5 Example)
$(P
diff --git a/ddili/src/ders/d.cn/modules.d b/d.en/modules.d
similarity index 100%
rename from ddili/src/ders/d.cn/modules.d
rename to d.en/modules.d
diff --git a/ddili/src/ders/d.en/name_space.d b/d.en/name_space.d
similarity index 100%
rename from ddili/src/ders/d.en/name_space.d
rename to d.en/name_space.d
diff --git a/ddili/src/ders/d.cn/nested.d b/d.en/nested.d
similarity index 98%
rename from ddili/src/ders/d.cn/nested.d
rename to d.en/nested.d
index e84dbb9..2ebbce4 100644
--- a/ddili/src/ders/d.cn/nested.d
+++ b/d.en/nested.d
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ Ddoc
$(DERS_BOLUMU $(IX function, nested) $(IX struct, nested) $(IX class, nested in function) $(IX nested definition) Nested Functions, Structs, and Classes)
$(P
-Up to this point, we have been defining functions, structs, and classes in the outermost scopes (i.e. the module scope). They can be defined in inner scopes as well. Defining them in inner scopes helps with encapsulation by narrowing the visibility of their symbols, as well as creating $(I closures) that we have seen in $(LINK2 /ders/d.en/lambda.html, the Function Pointers, Delegates, and Lambdas chapter).
+Up to this point, we have been defining functions, structs, and classes in the outermost scopes (i.e. the module scope). They can be defined in inner scopes as well. Defining them in inner scopes helps with encapsulation by narrowing the visibility of their symbols, as well as creating $(I closures) that we saw in $(LINK2 /ders/d.en/lambda.html, the Function Pointers, Delegates, and Lambdas chapter).
)
$(P
diff --git a/ddili/src/ders/d.en/null_is.d b/d.en/null_is.d
similarity index 99%
rename from ddili/src/ders/d.en/null_is.d
rename to d.en/null_is.d
index f0c81da..23b0471 100644
--- a/ddili/src/ders/d.en/null_is.d
+++ b/d.en/null_is.d
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ Ddoc
$(DERS_BOLUMU $(IX null) $(IX is, operator) $(IX !is) The $(CH4 null) Value and the $(CH4 is) Operator)
$(P
-We saw in earlier chapters that a variable of a reference type need not be referencing any object:
+We saw in earlier chapters that a variable of a reference type needs not reference a particular object:
)
---
diff --git a/ddili/src/ders/d.en/object.cozum.d b/d.en/object.cozum.d
similarity index 100%
rename from ddili/src/ders/d.en/object.cozum.d
rename to d.en/object.cozum.d
diff --git a/ddili/src/ders/d.en/object.d b/d.en/object.d
similarity index 96%
rename from ddili/src/ders/d.en/object.d
rename to d.en/object.d
index 2be7b51..607d8a3 100644
--- a/ddili/src/ders/d.en/object.d
+++ b/d.en/object.d
@@ -137,7 +137,7 @@ Called during 'typeid'.
)
$(P
-The reason for this difference is because actual run-time types of expressions may not be known until those expressions are executed. For example, the exact return type of the following function would be either $(C Violin) or $(C Guitar) depending on the actual value of the argument:
+The reason for this difference is because actual run-time types of expressions may not be known until those expressions are executed. For example, the exact return type of the following function would be either $(C Violin) or $(C Guitar) depending on the value of function argument $(C i):
)
---
@@ -146,6 +146,15 @@ MusicalInstrument foo(int i) {
}
---
+$(P
+$(IX TypeInfo_Class) $(IX .classinfo) There are various subclasses of $(C TypeInfo) for various kinds of types like arrays, structs, classes, etc. Of these, $(C TypeInfo_Class) can be particularly useful. For example, the name of the run-time type of an object can be obtained through its $(C TypeInfo_Class.name) property as a $(C string). You can access the $(C TypeInfo_Class) instance of an object by its $(C .classinfo) property:
+)
+
+---
+ TypeInfo_Class info = a$(HILITE .classinfo);
+ string runtimeTypeName = info$(HILITE .name);
+---
+
$(H5 $(IX toString) $(C toString))
$(P
@@ -582,11 +591,7 @@ Also note that $(C Student) does not support comparing incompatible types by enf
$(H5 $(IX toHash) $(C toHash))
$(P
-This function allows objects of a class type to be used as associative array $(I keys). It does not affect the cases where the type is used as associative array $(I values).
-)
-
-$(P
-$(B Warning:) Defining only this function is not sufficient. In order for the class type to be used as associative array keys, consistent definitions of $(C opEquals) and $(C opCmp) must also be defined.
+This function allows objects of a class type to be used as associative array $(I keys). It does not affect the cases where the type is used as associative array $(I values). If this function is defined, $(C opEquals) must be defined as well.
)
$(H6 $(IX hash table) Hash table indexes)
@@ -846,7 +851,7 @@ Implement $(C toHash) for that class. Again, the following $(C assert) checks sh
---
$(P
-Remember that $(C opEquals) and $(C opCmp) must also be defined when $(C toHash) is defined.
+Remember that $(C opEquals) must also be defined when $(C toHash) is defined.
)
)
diff --git a/ddili/src/ders/d.en/operator_overloading.cozum.d b/d.en/operator_overloading.cozum.d
similarity index 98%
rename from ddili/src/ders/d.en/operator_overloading.cozum.d
rename to d.en/operator_overloading.cozum.d
index 0c5b29f..816f5cd 100644
--- a/ddili/src/ders/d.en/operator_overloading.cozum.d
+++ b/d.en/operator_overloading.cozum.d
@@ -156,7 +156,7 @@ struct Fraction {
* fraction is before, a positive value if this fraction
* is after, and zero if both fractions have the same sort
* order. */
- int opCmp(const ref Fraction rhs) const {
+ int opCmp(const Fraction rhs) const {
immutable result = this - rhs;
/* Being a long, num cannot be converted to int
* automatically; it must be converted explicitly by
@@ -176,7 +176,7 @@ struct Fraction {
* and Fraction(2,4) are 0.5, the compiler-generated
* opEquals would decide that they were not equal on
* account of having members of different values. */
- bool opEquals(const ref Fraction rhs) const {
+ bool opEquals(const Fraction rhs) const {
/* Checking whether the return value of opCmp is zero
* is sufficient here. */
return opCmp(rhs) == 0;
diff --git a/ddili/src/ders/d.cn/operator_overloading.d b/d.en/operator_overloading.d
similarity index 97%
rename from ddili/src/ders/d.cn/operator_overloading.d
rename to d.en/operator_overloading.d
index 181d23f..3bc5545 100644
--- a/ddili/src/ders/d.cn/operator_overloading.d
+++ b/d.en/operator_overloading.d
@@ -377,7 +377,17 @@ The compiler picks the option that is a better match than the other.
)
$(P
-In most cases it is not necessary to define $(C opBinaryRight), except for the $(C in) operator: It usually makes more sense to define $(C opBinaryRight) for $(C in).
+$(C opBinaryRight) is useful when defining arithmetic types that would normally work on both sides of an operator like e.g. $(C int) does:
+)
+
+---
+ auto x = MyInt(42);
+ x + 1; // calls opBinary!"+"
+ 1 + x; // calls opBinaryRight!"+"
+---
+
+$(P
+Another common use of $(C opBinaryRight) is the $(C in) operator. It usually makes more sense to define $(C opBinaryRight) for the object that appears on the right-hand side of $(C in). We will see an example of this below.
)
$(P
@@ -1502,6 +1512,54 @@ $(SHELL
2.5
)
+$(P
+$(IX opCast!bool) $(IX bool, opCast) Although $(C opCast) is for explicit type conversions, its $(C bool) specialization is called automatically when the variable is used in a logical expression:
+)
+
+---
+struct Duration {
+// ...
+
+ bool opCast($(HILITE T : bool))() const {
+ return (hour != 0) || (minute != 0);
+ }
+}
+
+// ...
+
+ if (duration) { // compiles
+ // ...
+ }
+
+ while (duration) { // compiles
+ // ...
+ }
+
+ auto r = duration ? 1 : 2; // compiles
+---
+
+$(P
+Still, the $(C bool) specialization of $(C opCast) is not for all implicit $(C bool) conversions:
+)
+
+---
+void foo(bool b) {
+ // ...
+}
+
+// ...
+
+ foo(duration); $(DERLEME_HATASI)
+ bool b = duration; $(DERLEME_HATASI)
+---
+
+$(SHELL
+Error: cannot implicitly convert expression (duration) of type Duration to
+bool
+Error: function deneme.foo (bool b) is not callable using argument types
+(Duration)
+)
+
$(H5 $(IX opDispatch) Catch-all operator $(C opDispatch))
$(P
diff --git a/ddili/src/ders/d.cn/operator_precedence.d b/d.en/operator_precedence.d
similarity index 93%
rename from ddili/src/ders/d.cn/operator_precedence.d
rename to d.en/operator_precedence.d
index 23ce93c..db4d51e 100644
--- a/ddili/src/ders/d.cn/operator_precedence.d
+++ b/d.en/operator_precedence.d
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ Some of the terms used in the table are explained later below.
-
$(C == != > < >= <= !> !< !>= !<= <> !<> <>= !<>= in !in is !is)
+
$(C == != > < >= <= in !in is !is)
Comparison operators
Unordered with respect to bitwise operators, cannot be chained
@@ -295,21 +295,26 @@ $(I $(B Note:) This is just an example; otherwise, $(C a = 1) is not a
$(H6 $(IX , (comma), operator) $(IX comma operator) Comma operator)
$(P
-Comma operator is a binary operator. It executes first the left-hand side expression then the right-hand side expression. The value of the left-hand side expression is ignored and the value of the right-hand side expression becomes the value of the comma operator:
+Comma operator is a binary operator. It executes first the left-hand side expression then the right-hand side expression. The values of both expressions are ignored.
)
---
int a = 1;
- int b = (foo()$(HILITE ,) bar()$(HILITE ,) ++a + 10);
+ foo()$(HILITE ,) bar()$(HILITE ,) ++a;
assert(a == 2);
- assert(b == 12);
---
$(P
-The two comma operators above chain three expressions. Although the first two expressions ($(C foo()) and $(C bar())) do get executed, their values are ignored and the overall comma expression produces the value of the last expression ($(C ++a + 10)).
+The comma operator is most commonly used with $(C for) loops when the loop iteration involves mutating more than one variable:
)
+---
+ for ({ int i; int j; } i < 10; ++i$(HILITE ,) ++j) {
+ // ...
+ }
+---
+
Macros:
SUBTITLE=Operator Precedence
diff --git a/ddili/src/ders/d.cn/parameter_flexibility.cozum.d b/d.en/parameter_flexibility.cozum.d
similarity index 100%
rename from ddili/src/ders/d.cn/parameter_flexibility.cozum.d
rename to d.en/parameter_flexibility.cozum.d
diff --git a/ddili/src/ders/d.en/parameter_flexibility.d b/d.en/parameter_flexibility.d
similarity index 90%
rename from ddili/src/ders/d.en/parameter_flexibility.d
rename to d.en/parameter_flexibility.d
index 434d109..1d2fe45 100644
--- a/ddili/src/ders/d.en/parameter_flexibility.d
+++ b/d.en/parameter_flexibility.d
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ Some of the parameters of some functions are called mostly by the same values. T
)
---
-import std.algorithm;
+$(CODE_NAME printAA)import std.algorithm;
// ...
@@ -34,12 +34,16 @@ void printAA(in char[] title,
auto keys = sort(aa.keys);
- foreach (i, key; keys) {
- // No separator before the first element
- if (i != 0) {
- write(elementSeparator);
- }
+ // Don't print element separator before the first element
+ if (keys.length != 0) {
+ auto key = keys[0];
+ write(key, keySeparator, aa[key]);
+ keys = keys[1..$]; // Remove the first element
+ }
+ // Print element separator before the remaining elements
+ foreach (key; keys) {
+ write(elementSeparator);
write(key, keySeparator, aa[key]);
}
@@ -48,14 +52,16 @@ void printAA(in char[] title,
---
$(P
-That function is being called below by $(STRING ":") as the key separator and $(STRING ", ") as the element separator:
+That function is being called below with $(STRING ":") as the key separator and $(STRING ", ") as the element separator:
)
---
+$(CODE_XREF printAA)void main() {
string[string] dictionary = [
"blue":"mavi", "red":"kırmızı", "gray":"gri" ];
printAA("Color Dictionary", dictionary, ":", ", ");
+}
---
$(P
@@ -139,11 +145,12 @@ $(IX special keyword) $(IX keyword, special) The following special keywords act
$(UL
-$(LI $(IX __MODULE__) $(C __MODULE__): Name of the module)
-$(LI $(IX __FILE__) $(C __FILE__): Name of the source file)
-$(LI $(IX __LINE__) $(C __LINE__): Line number)
-$(LI $(IX __FUNCTION__) $(C __FUNCTION__): Name of the function)
-$(LI $(IX __PRETTY_FUNCTION__) $(C __PRETTY_FUNCTION__): Full signature of the function)
+$(LI $(IX __MODULE__) $(C __MODULE__): Name of the module as $(C string))
+$(LI $(IX __FILE__) $(C __FILE__): Name of the source file as $(C string))
+$(LI $(IX __FILE_FULL_PATH__) $(C __FILE_FULL_PATH__): Name of the source file including its full path as $(C string))
+$(LI $(IX __LINE__) $(C __LINE__): Line number as $(C int))
+$(LI $(IX __FUNCTION__) $(C __FUNCTION__): Name of the function as $(C string))
+$(LI $(IX __PRETTY_FUNCTION__) $(C __PRETTY_FUNCTION__): Full signature of the function as $(C string))
)
@@ -182,7 +189,7 @@ import std.stdio;
void func(int parameter,
string functionName = $(HILITE __FUNCTION__),
string file = $(HILITE __FILE__),
- size_t line = $(HILITE __LINE__)) {
+ int line = $(HILITE __LINE__)) {
writefln("Called from function %s at file %s, line %s.",
functionName, file, line);
}
@@ -206,15 +213,15 @@ $(IX special token) $(IX token, special) In addition to the above, there are als
$(UL
-$(LI $(IX __DATE__) $(C __DATE__): Date of compilation)
+$(LI $(IX __DATE__) $(C __DATE__): Date of compilation as $(C string))
-$(LI $(IX __TIME__) $(C __TIME__): Time of compilation)
+$(LI $(IX __TIME__) $(C __TIME__): Time of compilation as $(C string))
-$(LI $(IX __TIMESTAMP__) $(C __TIMESTAMP__): Date and time of compilation)
+$(LI $(IX __TIMESTAMP__) $(C __TIMESTAMP__): Date and time of compilation as $(C string))
-$(LI $(IX __VENDOR__) $(C __VENDOR__): Compiler vendor (e.g. $(STRING "Digital Mars D")))
+$(LI $(IX __VENDOR__) $(C __VENDOR__): Compiler vendor as $(C string) (e.g. $(STRING "Digital Mars D")))
-$(LI $(IX __VERSION__) $(C __VERSION__): Compiler version as an integer (e.g. the value $(C 2069) for version 2.069))
+$(LI $(IX __VERSION__) $(C __VERSION__): Compiler version as $(C long) (e.g. the value $(C 2081L) for version 2.081))
)
diff --git a/ddili/src/ders/d.cn/pointers.cozum.d b/d.en/pointers.cozum.d
similarity index 100%
rename from ddili/src/ders/d.cn/pointers.cozum.d
rename to d.en/pointers.cozum.d
diff --git a/ddili/src/ders/d.cn/pointers.d b/d.en/pointers.d
similarity index 99%
rename from ddili/src/ders/d.cn/pointers.d
rename to d.en/pointers.d
index dc0a9f4..c0158ca 100644
--- a/ddili/src/ders/d.cn/pointers.d
+++ b/d.en/pointers.d
@@ -478,7 +478,7 @@ There is an exception to this rule both for class variables and for pointers. Ty
---
char c;
- char * p;
+ char * p = &c;
writeln(p.sizeof); // size of the pointer, not the pointee
---
@@ -1096,14 +1096,14 @@ The actual type of $(C element) above is a pointer to the same type of the eleme
$(H5 When to use pointers)
-$(H6 When required by libraries)
-
$(P
-Although pointer parameters are rare in D libraries, we have already seen that $(C readf()) is one function that requires pointers.
+Pointers are rare in D. As we have seen in $(LINK2 /ders/d.en/input.html, the Reading from the Standard Input chapter), $(C readf) can in fact be used without explicit pointers.
)
+$(H6 When required by libraries)
+
$(P
-As another example, the following function from the GtkD library takes a pointer as well:
+Pointers can appear on C and C++ library bindings. For example, the following function from the GtkD library takes a pointer:
)
---
diff --git a/d.en/pragma.d b/d.en/pragma.d
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..64a2ca6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/d.en/pragma.d
@@ -0,0 +1,236 @@
+Ddoc
+
+$(DERS_BOLUMU $(IX pragma) Pragmas)
+
+$(P
+Pragmas are a way of interacting with the compiler. They can be for providing special information to the compiler as well as getting information from it. Although they are useful in non-templated code as well, $(C pragma(msg)) can be helpful when debugging templates.
+)
+
+$(P
+Every compiler vendor is free to introduce their special $(C pragma) directives in addition to the following mandatory ones:
+)
+
+$(H5 $(C pragma(msg)))
+
+$(P
+Prints a message to $(C stderr) during compilation. No message is printed during the execution of the compiled program.
+)
+
+$(P
+For example, the following $(C pragma(msg)) is being used for exposing the types of template parameters, presumably during debugging:
+)
+
+---
+import std.string;
+
+void func(A, B)(A a, B b) {
+ pragma($(HILITE msg), format("Called with types '%s' and '%s'",
+ A.stringof, B.stringof));
+ // ...
+}
+
+void main() {
+ func(42, 1.5);
+ func("hello", 'a');
+}
+---
+
+$(SHELL
+Called with types 'int' and 'double'
+Called with types 'string' and 'char'
+)
+
+$(H5 $(C pragma(lib)))
+
+$(P
+Instructs the compiler to link the program with a particular library. This is the easiest way of linking the program with a library that is already installed on the system.
+)
+
+$(P
+For example, the following program would be linked with the $(C curl) library without needing to mention the library on the command line:
+)
+
+---
+import std.stdio;
+import std.net.curl;
+
+pragma($(HILITE lib), "curl");
+
+void main() {
+ // Get this chapter
+ writeln(get("ddili.org/ders/d.en/pragma.html"));
+}
+---
+
+$(H5 $(IX inline) $(IX function inlining) $(IX optimization, compiler) $(C pragma(inline)))
+
+$(P
+Specifies whether a function should be $(I inlined) or not.
+)
+
+$(P
+Every function call has some performance cost. Function calls involve passing arguments to the function, returning its return value to the caller, and handling some bookkeeping information to remember where the function was called from so that the execution can continue after the function returns.
+)
+
+$(P
+This cost is usually insignificant compared to the cost of actual work that the caller and the callee perform. However, in some cases just the act of calling a certain function can have a measurable effect on the program's performance. This can happen especially when the function body is relatively fast and when it is called from a short loop that repeats many times.
+)
+
+$(P
+The following program calls a small function from a loop and increments a counter when the returned value satisfies a condition:
+)
+
+---
+import std.stdio;
+import std.datetime.stopwatch;
+
+// A function with a fast body:
+ubyte compute(ubyte i) {
+ return cast(ubyte)(i * 42);
+}
+
+void main() {
+ size_t counter = 0;
+
+ StopWatch sw;
+ sw.start();
+
+ // A short loop that repeats many times:
+ foreach (i; 0 .. 100_000_000) {
+ const number = cast(ubyte)i;
+
+ if ($(HILITE compute(number)) == number) {
+ ++counter;
+ }
+ }
+
+ sw.stop();
+
+ writefln("%s milliseconds", sw.peek.total!"msecs");
+}
+---
+
+$(P
+$(IX StopWatch, std.datetime.stopwatch) The code takes advantage of $(C std.datetime.stopwatch.StopWatch) to measure the time it takes executing the entire loop:
+)
+
+$(SHELL
+$(HILITE 674) milliseconds
+)
+
+$(P
+$(IX -inline, compiler switch) The $(C -inline) compiler switch instructs the compiler to perform a compiler optimization called $(I function inlining):
+)
+
+$(SHELL
+$ dmd deneme.d -w $(HILITE -inline)
+)
+
+$(P
+When a function is inlined, its body is injected into code right where it is called from; no actual function call happens. The following is the equivalent code that the compiler would compile after inlining:
+)
+
+---
+ // An equivalent of the loop when compute() is inlined:
+ foreach (i; 0 .. 100_000_000) {
+ const number = cast(ubyte)i;
+
+ const result = $(HILITE cast(ubyte)(number * 42));
+ if (result == number) {
+ ++counter;
+ }
+ }
+---
+
+$(P
+On the platform that I tested that program, eliminating the function call reduced the execution time by about 40%:
+)
+
+$(SHELL
+$(HILITE 407) milliseconds
+)
+
+$(P
+Although function inlining looks like a big gain, it cannot be applied for every function call because otherwise inlined bodies of functions would make code too large to fit in the CPU's $(I instruction cache). Unfortunately, this can make the code even slower. For that reason, the decision of which function calls to inline is usually left to the compiler.
+)
+
+$(P
+However, there may be cases where it is beneficial to help the compiler with this decision. The $(C inline) pragma instructs the compiler in its inlining decisions:
+)
+
+$(UL
+
+$(LI $(C pragma(inline, false)): Instructs the compiler to never inline certain functions even when the $(C -inline) compiler switch is specified.)
+
+$(LI $(C pragma(inline, true)): Instructs the compiler to definitely inline certain functions when the $(C -inline) compiler switch is specified. This causes a compilation error if the compiler cannot inline such a function. (The exact behavior of this pragma may be different on your compiler.))
+
+$(LI $(C pragma(inline)): Sets the inlining behavior back to the setting on the compiler command line: whether $(C -inline) is specified or not.)
+
+)
+
+$(P
+These pragmas can affect the function that they appear in, as well as they can be used with a scope or colon to affect more than one function:
+)
+
+---
+pragma(inline, false) $(HILITE {)
+ // Functions defined in this scope should not be inlined
+ // ...
+$(HILITE })
+
+int foo() {
+ pragma(inline, true); // This function should be inlined
+ // ...
+}
+
+pragma(inline, true)$(HILITE :)
+// Functions defined in this section should be inlined
+// ...
+
+pragma(inline)$(HILITE :)
+// Functions defined in this section should be inlined or not
+// depending on the -inline compiler switch
+// ...
+---
+
+$(P
+$(IX -O, compiler switch) Another compiler switch that can make programs run faster is $(C -O), which instructs the compiler to perform more optimization algorithms. However, faster program speeds come at the expense of slower compilation speeds because these algorithms take significant amounts of time.
+)
+
+$(H5 $(IX startaddress) $(C pragma(startaddress)))
+
+$(P
+Specifies the start address of the program. Since the start address is normally assigned by the D runtime environment it is very unlikely that you will ever use this pragma.
+)
+
+$(H5 $(IX mangle, pragma) $(IX name mangling) $(C pragma(mangle)))
+
+$(P
+Specifies that a symbol should be $(I name mangled) differently from the default name mangling method. Name mangling is about how the linker identifies functions and their callers. This pragma is useful when D code needs to call a library function that happens to be a D keyword.
+)
+
+$(P
+For example, if a C library had a function named $(C override), because $(C override) happens to be a keyword in D, the only way of calling it from D would be through a different name. However, that different name must still be mangled as the actual function name in the library for the linker to be able to identify it:
+)
+
+---
+/* If a C library had a function named 'override', it could
+ * only be called from D through a name like 'c_override',
+ * mangled as the actual function name: */
+pragma($(HILITE mangle), "override")
+extern(C) string c_override(string);
+
+void main() {
+ /* D code calls the function as c_override() but the
+ * linker would find it by its correct C library name
+ * 'override': */
+ auto s = $(HILITE c_override)("hello");
+}
+---
+
+Macros:
+ SUBTITLE=Pragmas
+
+ DESCRIPTION=Introduction of pragmas, which are a way of interacting with the compiler.
+
+ KEYWORDS=d programming language tutorial book pragma inline
diff --git a/ddili/src/ders/template/preface.d b/d.en/preface.d
similarity index 88%
rename from ddili/src/ders/template/preface.d
rename to d.en/preface.d
index a5cef8f..8ed05ed 100644
--- a/ddili/src/ders/template/preface.d
+++ b/d.en/preface.d
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ I am indebted to the following people who have been instrumental during the evol
)
$(P
-Mert Ataol, Zafer Çelenk, Salih Dinçer, Can Alpay Çiftçi, Faruk Erdem Öncel, Muhammet Aydın (aka Mengü Kağan), Ergin Güney, Jordi Sayol, David Herberth, Andre Tampubolon, Gour-Gadadhara Dasa, Raphaël Jakse, Andrej Mitrović, Johannes Pfau, Jerome Sniatecki, Jason Adams, Ali H. Çalışkan, Paul Jurczak, Brian Rogoff, Михаил Страшун (Mihails Strasuns), Joseph Rushton Wakeling, Tove, Hugo Florentino, Satya Pothamsetti, Luís Marques, Christoph Wendler, Daniel Nielsen, Ketmar Dark, Pavel Lukin, Jonas Fiala, Norman Hardy, Rich Morin, Douglas Foster, Paul Robinson, Sean Garratt, Stéphane Goujet, Shammah Chancellor, Steven Schveighoffer, Robbin Carlson, Bubnenkov Dmitry Ivanovich, Bastiaan Veelo, Stéphane Goujet, Olivier Pisano, Dave Yost, Tomasz Miazek-Mioduszewski, Gerard Vreeswijk, Justin Whear, Gerald Jansen, and Sylvain Gault.
+Mert Ataol, Zafer Çelenk, Salih Dinçer, Can Alpay Çiftçi, Faruk Erdem Öncel, Muhammet Aydın (aka Mengü Kağan), Ergin Güney, Jordi Sayol, David Herberth, Andre Tampubolon, Gour-Gadadhara Dasa, Raphaël Jakse, Andrej Mitrović, Johannes Pfau, Jerome Sniatecki, Jason Adams, Ali H. Çalışkan, Paul Jurczak, Brian Rogoff, Михаил Страшун (Mihails Strasuns), Joseph Rushton Wakeling, Tove, Hugo Florentino, Satya Pothamsetti, Luís Marques, Christoph Wendler, Daniel Nielsen, Ketmar Dark, Pavel Lukin, Jonas Fiala, Norman Hardy, Rich Morin, Douglas Foster, Paul Robinson, Sean Garratt, Stéphane Goujet, Shammah Chancellor, Steven Schveighoffer, Robbin Carlson, Bubnenkov Dmitry Ivanovich, Bastiaan Veelo, Olivier Pisano, Dave Yost, Tomasz Miazek-Mioduszewski, Gerard Vreeswijk, Justin Whear, Gerald Jansen, Sylvain Gault, Shriramana Sharma, Jay Norwood, Henri Menke, Chen Lejia, Vladimir Panteleev, Martin Tschierschke, ag0aep6g, Andrew Edwards, Steve White, Mark Schwarzmann, and Thibaut Charles.
)
$(P
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ Thanks especially to Luís Marques who, through his hard work, improved every ch
)
$(P
-Thanks to Luís Marques, Steven Schveighoffer, Andrej Mitrović, Robbin Carlson, and Ergin Güney for their suggestions that elevated this book from my Inglish to English.
+Thanks to Luís Marques, Steven Schveighoffer, Andrej Mitrović, Robbin Carlson, Ergin Güney, and Andrew Edwards for their suggestions that elevated this book from my Inglish to English.
)
$(P
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ Ebru, Damla, and Derin, thank you for being so patient and supportive while I wa
$(BR)
$(BR)
Ali Çehreli$(BR)
-Mountain View, $(I November 2015)
+Mountain View, $(I May 2017)
)
)
diff --git a/ddili/src/ders/d.cn/ranges.d b/d.en/ranges.d
similarity index 97%
rename from ddili/src/ders/d.cn/ranges.d
rename to d.en/ranges.d
index e007576..ac0f6aa 100644
--- a/ddili/src/ders/d.cn/ranges.d
+++ b/d.en/ranges.d
@@ -49,11 +49,11 @@ A very successful library that abstracts algorithms and data structures from eac
)
$(P
-Although they are a very useful abstraction, iterators do have some weaknesses. D's ranges were designed by Andrei Alexandrescu partly to overcome these weaknesses. D's standard library Phobos takes great advantage of ranges that are the subject of this chapter.
+Although they are a very useful abstraction, iterators do have some weaknesses. D's ranges were designed to overcome these weaknesses.
)
$(P
-Andrei Alexandrescu introduces ranges in the seminal paper $(LINK2 http://www.informit.com/articles/printerfriendly.aspx?p=1407357, On Iteration) and demonstrates how they are superior to iterators.
+Andrei Alexandrescu introduces ranges in his paper $(LINK2 http://www.informit.com/articles/printerfriendly.aspx?p=1407357, On Iteration) and demonstrates how they can be superior to iterators.
)
$(H5 Ranges are an integral part of D)
@@ -155,7 +155,7 @@ Conversely, because ranges abstract algorithms away from data structures, implem
$(H5 Phobos ranges)
$(P
-The ranges in this chapter are different from number ranges that are written in the form $(C begin..end). We had seen how number ranges are used with the $(C foreach) loop and with slices:
+The ranges in this chapter are different from number ranges that are written in the form $(C begin..end). We have seen how number ranges are used with the $(C foreach) loop and with slices:
)
---
@@ -167,11 +167,11 @@ The ranges in this chapter are different from number ranges that are written in
---
$(P
-When I write $(I range), I mean a Phobos range in this chapter.
+When I write $(I range) in this chapter, I mean a Phobos range .
)
$(P
-Ranges form a $(I range hierarchy). At the bottom of this hierarchy is the simplest range $(C InputRange). The other ranges bring more requirements on top of the range that they are based on. The following are all of the ranges with their requirements, sorted from the simplest to the more capable:
+Ranges form a $(I range hierarchy). At the bottom of this hierarchy is the simplest range $(C InputRange). The other ranges bring more requirements on top of the range on which they are based. The following are all of the ranges with their requirements, sorted from the simplest to the more capable:
)
$(UL
@@ -233,7 +233,7 @@ Normally, iterating over the elements of a container does not change the contain
---
$(P
-Another way of iteration requires a different way of thinking: iteration can be achieved by shortening the range from the beginning. In this method, always the first element is used for element access and the first element is $(I popped) from the beginning in order to get to the next element:
+Another way of iteration requires a different way of thinking: iteration can be achieved by shortening the range from the beginning. In this method, it is always the first element that is used for element access and the first element is $(I popped) from the beginning in order to get to the next element:
)
---
@@ -570,7 +570,7 @@ $(MONO_NOBOLD
)
$(P
-As you can see, that output does not match what we have seen in the $(LINK2 /ders/d.en/characters.html, Characters) and $(LINK2 /ders/d.en/strings.html, Strings) chapters. We have seen in those chapters that $(C string) is an alias to an array of $(C immutable(char)) and $(C wstring) is an alias to an array of $(C immutable(wchar)). Accordingly, one might expect to see UTF code units in the previous output instead of the properly decoded Unicode characters.
+As you can see, that output does not match what we saw in the $(LINK2 /ders/d.en/characters.html, Characters) and $(LINK2 /ders/d.en/strings.html, Strings) chapters. We have seen in those chapters that $(C string) is an alias to an array of $(C immutable(char)) and $(C wstring) is an alias to an array of $(C immutable(wchar)). Accordingly, one might expect to see UTF code units in the previous output instead of the properly decoded Unicode characters.
)
$(P
diff --git a/ddili/src/ders/d.cn/ranges_more.d b/d.en/ranges_more.d
similarity index 100%
rename from ddili/src/ders/d.cn/ranges_more.d
rename to d.en/ranges_more.d
diff --git a/ddili/src/ders/d.en/scope.d b/d.en/scope.d
similarity index 100%
rename from ddili/src/ders/d.en/scope.d
rename to d.en/scope.d
diff --git a/ddili/src/ders/d.cn/slices.cozum.d b/d.en/slices.cozum.d
similarity index 100%
rename from ddili/src/ders/d.cn/slices.cozum.d
rename to d.en/slices.cozum.d
diff --git a/ddili/src/ders/d.cn/slices.d b/d.en/slices.d
similarity index 98%
rename from ddili/src/ders/d.cn/slices.d
rename to d.en/slices.d
index 598d64f..e4aadcb 100644
--- a/ddili/src/ders/d.cn/slices.d
+++ b/d.en/slices.d
@@ -472,7 +472,7 @@ $(SHELL
$(H6 $(IX .reserve) Reserving room for elements)
$(P
-Both copying elements and allocating new memory to increase capacity have some cost. For that reason, appending an element can be an expensive operation. When the number of elements to append is known before hand, it is possible to reserve capacity for the elements:
+Both copying elements and allocating new memory to increase capacity have some cost. For that reason, appending an element can be an expensive operation. When the number of elements to append is known beforehand, it is possible to reserve capacity for the elements:
)
---
@@ -508,10 +508,6 @@ $(P
The $(C []) characters written after the name of an array means $(I all elements). This feature simplifies the program when certain operations need to be applied to all of the elements of an array.
)
-$(P
-$(I $(B Note:) dmd 2.071, the compiler that was used to compile the examples in this chapter, did not fully support this feature yet. For that reason, some of the examples below use only fixed-length arrays.)
-)
-
---
import std.stdio;
diff --git a/ddili/src/ders/d.en/special_functions.d b/d.en/special_functions.d
similarity index 96%
rename from ddili/src/ders/d.en/special_functions.d
rename to d.en/special_functions.d
index 00accc3..71af3c9 100644
--- a/ddili/src/ders/d.en/special_functions.d
+++ b/d.en/special_functions.d
@@ -242,6 +242,39 @@ Since hour and minute are now separate parameters, the users simply provide thei
time.increment(Duration($(HILITE 22, 20)));
---
+$(H6 First assignment to a member is construction)
+
+$(P
+When setting values of members in a constructor, the first assignment to each member is treated specially: Instead of assigning a new value over the $(C .init) value of that member, the first assignment actually constructs that member. Further assignments to that member are treated regularly as assignment operations.
+)
+
+$(P
+This special behavior is necessary so that $(C immutable) and $(C const) members can in fact be constructed with values known only at run time. Otherwise, they could never be set to desired values as assignment is disallowed for $(C immutable) and $(C const) variables.
+)
+
+$(P
+The following program demonstrates how assigment operation is allowed only once for an $(C immutable) member:
+)
+
+---
+struct S {
+ int m;
+ immutable int i;
+
+ this(int m, int i) {
+ this.m = m; $(CODE_NOTE construction)
+ this.m = 42; $(CODE_NOTE assignment (possible for mutable member))
+
+ this.i = i; $(CODE_NOTE construction)
+ this.i = i; $(DERLEME_HATASI)
+ }
+}
+
+void main() {
+ auto s = S(1, 2);
+}
+---
+
$(H6 User-defined constructor disables compiler-generated constructor)
$(P
diff --git a/d.en/static_foreach.d b/d.en/static_foreach.d
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ba9139d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/d.en/static_foreach.d
@@ -0,0 +1,220 @@
+Ddoc
+
+$(DERS_BOLUMU $(IX foreach, static) $(IX static foreach) $(CH4 static foreach))
+
+$(P
+We saw compile-time $(C foreach) earlier in the $(LINK2 /ders/d.en/tuples.html, Tuples chapter). Compile-time $(C foreach) iterates the loop at compile time and unrolls each iteration as separate pieces of code. For example, given the following $(C foreach) loop over a tuple:
+)
+
+---
+ auto t = tuple(42, "hello", 1.5);
+
+ foreach (i, member; $(HILITE t)) {
+ writefln("%s: %s", i, member);
+ }
+---
+
+$(P
+The compiler $(I unrolls) the loop similar to the following equivalent code:
+)
+
+---
+ {
+ enum size_t i = 0;
+ int member = t[i];
+ writefln("%s: %s", i, member);
+ }
+ {
+ enum size_t i = 1;
+ string member = t[i];
+ writefln("%s: %s", i, member);
+ }
+ {
+ enum size_t i = 2;
+ double member = t[i];
+ writefln("%s: %s", i, member);
+ }
+---
+
+$(P
+Although being very powerful, some properties of compile-time $(C foreach) may not be suitable in some cases:
+)
+
+$(UL
+
+$(LI
+With compile-time $(C foreach), each unrolling of the loop introduces a scope. As seen with the $(C i) and $(C member) variables above, this allows the use of a symbol in more than one scope without causing a multiple definition error. Although this can be desirable in some cases, it makes it impossible for code unrolled for one iteration to use code from other iterations.
+)
+
+$(LI
+Compile-time $(C foreach) works only with tuples (including template arguments in the form of $(C AliasSeq)). For example, despite the elements of the following array literal being known at compile time, the loop will always be executed at run time (this may very well be the desired behavior):
+)
+
+)
+
+---
+void main() {
+ $(HILITE enum) arr = [1, 2];
+ // Executed at run time, not unrolled at compile time:
+ foreach (i; arr) {
+ // ...
+ }
+}
+---
+
+$(UL
+
+$(LI
+Like regular $(C foreach), compile-time $(C foreach) can only be used inside functions. For example, it cannot be used at module scope or inside a user-defined type definition.
+)
+
+)
+
+---
+import std.meta;
+
+// Attempting to define function overloads at module scope:
+foreach (T; AliasSeq!(int, double)) { $(DERLEME_HATASI)
+ T twoTimes(T arg) {
+ return arg * 2;
+ }
+}
+
+void main() {
+}
+---
+
+$(SHELL
+Error: declaration expected, not `foreach`
+)
+
+$(UL
+
+$(LI
+With compile-time $(C foreach), it may not be clear whether $(C break) and $(C continue) statements inside the loop body should affect the compile-time loop iteration itself or whether they should be parts of the unrolled code.
+)
+
+)
+
+$(P
+$(C static foreach) is a more powerful compile-time feature that provides more control:
+)
+
+$(UL
+
+$(LI
+$(C static foreach) can work with any range of elements that can be computed at compile time (including number ranges like $(C 1..10)). For example, given the $(C FibonacciSeries) range from $(LINK2 /ders/d.en/ranges.html, the Ranges chapter) and a function that determines whether a number is even:
+)
+
+)
+
+---
+ $(HILITE static foreach) (n; FibonacciSeries().take(10).filter!isEven) {
+ writeln(n);
+ }
+---
+
+$(P
+The loop above would be unrolled as the following equivalent:
+)
+
+---
+ writeln(0);
+ writeln(2);
+ writeln(8);
+ writeln(34);
+---
+
+$(UL
+
+$(LI $(C static foreach) can be used at module scope.)
+
+$(LI
+$(C static foreach) does not introduce a separate scope for each iteration. For example, the following loop defines two overloads of a function at module scope:
+)
+
+)
+
+---
+import std.meta;
+
+static foreach (T; AliasSeq!(int, double)) {
+ T twoTimes(T arg) {
+ return arg * 2;
+ }
+}
+
+void main() {
+}
+---
+
+$(P
+The loop above would be unrolled as its following equivalent:
+)
+
+---
+ int twoTimes(int arg) {
+ return arg * 2;
+ }
+
+ double twoTimes(double arg) {
+ return arg * 2;
+ }
+---
+
+$(UL
+
+$(LI
+$(C break) and $(C continue) statements inside a $(C static foreach) loop require labels for clarity. For example, the following code unrolls (generates) $(C case) clauses inside a $(C switch) statement. The $(C break) statements that are under each $(C case) clause must mention the associated $(C switch) statements by labels:
+)
+
+)
+
+---
+import std.stdio;
+
+void main(string[] args) {
+
+$(HILITE theSwitchStatement:)
+ switch (args.length) {
+ static foreach (i; 1..3) {
+ case i:
+ writeln(i);
+ break $(HILITE theSwitchStatement);
+ }
+
+ default:
+ writeln("default case");
+ break;
+ }
+}
+---
+
+$(P
+After the loop above is unrolled, the $(C switch) statement would be the equivalent of the following code:
+)
+
+---
+ switch (args.length) {
+ case 1:
+ writeln(1);
+ break;
+
+ case 2:
+ writeln(2);
+ break;
+
+ default:
+ writeln("default case");
+ break;
+ }
+---
+
+macros:
+ SUBTITLE=static foreach
+
+ DESCRIPTION=static foreach, one of D's compile-time feature that can generate code by iterating ranges.
+
+ KEYWORDS=d programming language tutorial book static foreach
+
+MINI_SOZLUK=
diff --git a/ddili/src/ders/d.cn/stream_redirect.cozum.d b/d.en/stream_redirect.cozum.d
similarity index 100%
rename from ddili/src/ders/d.cn/stream_redirect.cozum.d
rename to d.en/stream_redirect.cozum.d
diff --git a/ddili/src/ders/d.cn/stream_redirect.d b/d.en/stream_redirect.d
similarity index 100%
rename from ddili/src/ders/d.cn/stream_redirect.d
rename to d.en/stream_redirect.d
diff --git a/ddili/src/ders/d.en/strings.cozum.d b/d.en/strings.cozum.d
similarity index 100%
rename from ddili/src/ders/d.en/strings.cozum.d
rename to d.en/strings.cozum.d
diff --git a/ddili/src/ders/d.en/strings.d b/d.en/strings.d
similarity index 98%
rename from ddili/src/ders/d.en/strings.d
rename to d.en/strings.d
index 4751a0c..d6a8ae9 100644
--- a/ddili/src/ders/d.en/strings.d
+++ b/d.en/strings.d
@@ -127,7 +127,7 @@ I will start using that form after introducing the $(C string) type below.
$(H5 $(IX formattedRead) $(C formattedRead) for parsing strings)
$(P
-Once a line is read from the input or from any other source, it is possible to parse and convert separate data that it may contain with $(C formattedRead()) of the $(C std.format) module. Its first parameter is the line that contains the data, and the rest of the parameters are used exacly like $(C readf()):
+Once a line is read from the input or from any other source, it is possible to parse and convert separate data that it may contain with $(C formattedRead()) from the $(C std.format) module. Its first parameter is the line that contains the data, and the rest of the parameters are used exacly like $(C readf()):
)
---
@@ -143,7 +143,7 @@ void main() {
string name;
int age;
- $(HILITE formattedRead)(line, " %s %s", &name, &age);
+ $(HILITE formattedRead)(line, " %s %s", name, age);
writeln("Your name is ", name,
", and your age is ", age, '.');
@@ -160,7 +160,7 @@ Both $(C readf()) and $(C formattedRead()) $(I return) the number of items that
)
---
- $(HILITE uint items) = formattedRead(line, " %s %s", &name, &age);
+ $(HILITE uint items) = formattedRead(line, " %s %s", name, age);
if ($(HILITE items != 2)) {
writeln("Error: Unexpected line.");
diff --git a/ddili/src/ders/d.en/struct.cozum.d b/d.en/struct.cozum.d
similarity index 99%
rename from ddili/src/ders/d.en/struct.cozum.d
rename to d.en/struct.cozum.d
index d14599d..e6643ce 100644
--- a/ddili/src/ders/d.en/struct.cozum.d
+++ b/d.en/struct.cozum.d
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ Card[] newDeck()
out (result) {
assert(result.length == 52);
-} body {
+} do {
Card[] deck;
deck ~= newSuit('♠');
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ in {
} out (result) {
assert(result.length == 13);
-} body {
+} do {
Card[] suitCards;
foreach (value; "234567890JQKA") {
@@ -148,7 +148,7 @@ in {
} out (result) {
assert(result.length == 13);
-} body {
+} do {
Card[] suitCards;
foreach (value; "234567890JQKA") {
@@ -162,7 +162,7 @@ Card[] newDeck()
out (result) {
assert(result.length == 52);
-} body {
+} do {
Card[] deck;
deck ~= newSuit('♠');
diff --git a/ddili/src/ders/d.en/struct.d b/d.en/struct.d
similarity index 98%
rename from ddili/src/ders/d.en/struct.d
rename to d.en/struct.d
index dc428b3..3080029 100644
--- a/ddili/src/ders/d.en/struct.d
+++ b/d.en/struct.d
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ As has been mentioned several times earlier in the book, fundamental types are n
)
$(P
-Structs are the feature that allow defining new types by combining already existing other types. The new type is defined by the $(C struct) keyword. Most of the content of this chapter is directly applicable to classes as well. Especially the concept of $(I combining existing types to define a new type) is exactly the same for them.
+$(IX user defined type) Structs are the feature that allow defining new types by combining already existing other types. The new type is defined by the $(C struct) keyword. By this definition, structs are $(I user defined types). Most of the content of this chapter is directly applicable to classes as well. Especially the concept of $(I combining existing types to define a new type) is exactly the same for them.
)
$(P
@@ -828,7 +828,7 @@ Card[] newDeck()
out (result) {
assert(result.length == 52);
-} body {
+} do {
// ... please define the function body ...
}
---
diff --git a/ddili/src/ders/d.cn/switch_case.cozum.d b/d.en/switch_case.cozum.d
similarity index 100%
rename from ddili/src/ders/d.cn/switch_case.cozum.d
rename to d.en/switch_case.cozum.d
diff --git a/ddili/src/ders/d.cn/switch_case.d b/d.en/switch_case.d
similarity index 100%
rename from ddili/src/ders/d.cn/switch_case.d
rename to d.en/switch_case.d
diff --git a/d.en/templates.d b/d.en/templates.d
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a5c41ca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/d.en/templates.d
@@ -0,0 +1,1104 @@
+Ddoc
+
+$(DERS_BOLUMU $(IX template) Templates)
+
+$(P
+Templates are the feature that allows describing the code as a pattern, for the compiler to generate program code automatically. Parts of the source code may be left to the compiler to be filled in until that part is actually used in the program.
+)
+
+$(P
+Templates are very useful especially in libraries because they enable writing generic algorithms and data structures, instead of tying them to specific types.
+)
+
+$(P
+Compared to the template supports in other languages, D's templates are very powerful and extensive. I will not get into all of the details of templates in this chapter. I will cover only function, struct, and class templates and only $(I type) template parameters. We will see more about templates in $(LINK2 /ders/d.en/templates_more.html, the More Templates chapter). For a complete reference on D templates, see $(LINK2 https://github.com/PhilippeSigaud/D-templates-tutorial, Philippe Sigaud's $(I D Templates: A Tutorial)).
+)
+
+$(P
+To see the benefits of templates let's start with a function that prints values in parentheses:
+)
+
+---
+void printInParens(int value) {
+ writefln("(%s)", value);
+}
+---
+
+$(P
+Because the parameter is specified as $(C int), that function can only be used with values of type $(C int), or values that can automatically be converted to $(C int). For example, the compiler would not allow calling it with a floating point type.
+)
+
+$(P
+Let's assume that the requirements of a program changes and that other types need to be printed in parentheses as well. One of the solutions for this would be to take advantage of function overloading and provide overloads of the function for all of the types that the function is used with:
+)
+
+---
+// The function that already exists
+void printInParens(int value) {
+ writefln("(%s)", value);
+}
+
+// Overloading the function for 'double'
+void printInParens($(HILITE double) value) {
+ writefln("(%s)", value);
+}
+---
+
+$(P
+This solution does not scale well because this time the function cannot be used with e.g. $(C real) or any user-defined type. Although it is possible to overload the function for other types, the cost of doing this may be prohibitive.
+)
+
+$(P
+An important observation here is that regardless of the type of the parameter, the contents of the overloads would all be $(I generically) the same: a single $(C writefln()) expression.
+)
+
+$(P
+Such genericity is common in algorithms and data structures. For example, the binary search algorithm is independent of the type of the elements: It is about the specific steps and operations of the search. Similarly, the linked list data structure is independent of the type of the elements: Linked list is merely about $(I how) the elements are stored in the container, regardless of their type.
+)
+
+$(P
+Templates are useful in such situations: Once a piece of code is described as a template, the compiler generates overloads of the same code automatically according to the actual uses of that code in the program.
+)
+
+$(P
+As I have mentioned above, in this chapter I will cover only function, struct, and class templates, and $(I type) template parameters.
+)
+
+$(H5 $(IX function template) Function templates)
+
+$(P
+$(IX parameter, template) Defining a function as a template is leaving one or more of the types that it uses as unspecified, to be deduced later by the compiler.
+)
+
+$(P
+The types that are being left unspecified are defined within the template parameter list, which comes between the name of the function and the function parameter list. For that reason, function templates have two parameter lists: the template parameter list and the function parameter list:
+)
+
+---
+void printInParens$(HILITE (T))(T value) {
+ writefln("(%s)", value);
+}
+---
+
+$(P
+The $(C T) within the template parameter list above means that $(C T) can be any type. Although $(C T) is an arbitrary name, it is an acronym for "type" and is very common in templates.
+)
+
+$(P
+Since $(C T) represents any type, the templated definition of $(C printInParens()) above is sufficient to use it with almost every type, including the user-defined ones:
+)
+
+---
+import std.stdio;
+
+void printInParens(T)(T value) {
+ writefln("(%s)", value);
+}
+
+void main() {
+ printInParens(42); // with int
+ printInParens(1.2); // with double
+
+ auto myValue = MyStruct();
+ printInParens(myValue); // with MyStruct
+}
+
+struct MyStruct {
+ string toString() const {
+ return "hello";
+ }
+}
+---
+
+$(P
+The compiler considers all of the uses of $(C printInParens()) in the program and generates code to support all those uses. The program is then compiled as if the function has been overloaded explicitly for $(C int), $(C double), and $(C MyStruct):
+)
+
+$(MONO
+/* Note: These functions are not part of the source
+ * code. They are the equivalents of the functions that
+ * the compiler would automatically generate. */
+
+void printInParens($(HILITE int) value) {
+ writefln("(%s)", value);
+}
+
+void printInParens($(HILITE double) value) {
+ writefln("(%s)", value);
+}
+
+void printInParens($(HILITE MyStruct) value) {
+ writefln("(%s)", value);
+}
+)
+
+$(P
+The output of the program is produced by those different $(I instantiations) of the function template:
+)
+
+$(SHELL
+(42)
+(1.2)
+(hello)
+)
+
+$(P
+Each template parameter can determine more than one function parameter. For example, both the two function parameters and the return type of the following function template are determined by its single template parameter:
+)
+
+---
+/* Returns a copy of 'slice' except the elements that are
+ * equal to 'value'. */
+$(HILITE T)[] removed(T)(const($(HILITE T))[] slice, $(HILITE T) value) {
+ T[] result;
+
+ foreach (element; slice) {
+ if (element != value) {
+ result ~= element;
+ }
+ }
+
+ return result;
+}
+---
+
+$(H5 More than one template parameter)
+
+$(P
+Let's change the function template to take the parentheses characters as well:
+)
+
+---
+void printInParens(T)(T value, char opening, char closing) {
+ writeln(opening, value, closing);
+}
+---
+
+$(P
+Now we can call the same function with different sets of parentheses:
+)
+
+---
+ printInParens(42, '<', '>');
+---
+
+$(P
+Although being able to specify the parentheses makes the function more usable, specifying the type of the parentheses as $(C char) makes it less flexible because it is not possible to call the function with characters of type $(C wchar) or $(C dchar):
+)
+
+---
+ printInParens(42, '→', '←'); $(DERLEME_HATASI)
+---
+
+$(SHELL_SMALL
+Error: template deneme.printInParens(T) cannot deduce
+template function from argument types !()(int,$(HILITE wchar),$(HILITE wchar))
+)
+
+$(P
+One solution would be to specify the type of the parentheses as $(C dchar) but this would still be insufficient as this time the function could not be called e.g. with $(C string) or user-defined types.
+)
+
+$(P
+$(IX , (comma), template parameter list) Another solution is to leave the type of the parentheses to the compiler as well. Defining an additional template parameter instead of the specific $(C char) is sufficient:
+)
+
+---
+void printInParens(T$(HILITE , ParensType))(T value,
+ $(HILITE ParensType) opening,
+ $(HILITE ParensType) closing) {
+ writeln(opening, value, closing);
+}
+---
+
+$(P
+The meaning of the new template parameter is similar to $(C T)'s: $(C ParensType) can be any type.
+)
+
+$(P
+It is now possible to use many different types of parentheses. The following are with $(C wchar) and $(C string):
+)
+
+---
+ printInParens(42, '→', '←');
+ printInParens(1.2, "-=", "=-");
+---
+
+$(SHELL
+→42←
+-=1.2=-
+)
+
+$(P
+The flexibility of $(C printInParens()) has been increased, as it now works correctly for any combination of $(C T) and $(C ParensType) as long as those types are printable with $(C writeln()).
+)
+
+$(H5 $(IX type deduction) $(IX deduction, type) Type deduction)
+
+$(P
+The compiler's deciding on what type to use for a template parameter is called $(I type deduction).
+)
+
+$(P
+Continuing from the last example above, the compiler decides on the following types according to the two uses of the function template:
+)
+
+$(UL
+$(LI $(C int) and $(C wchar) when 42 is printed)
+$(LI $(C double) and $(C string) when 1.2 is printed)
+)
+
+$(P
+The compiler can deduce types only from the types of the parameter values that are passed to function templates. Although the compiler can usually deduce the types without any ambiguity, there are times when the types must be specified explicitly by the programmer.
+)
+
+$(H5 Explicit type specification)
+
+$(P
+Sometimes it is not possible for the compiler to deduce the template parameters. A situation that this can happen is when the types do not appear in the function parameter list. When template parameters are not related to function parameters, the compiler cannot deduce the template parameter types.
+)
+
+$(P
+To see an example of this, let's design a function that asks a question to the user, reads a value as a response, and returns that value. Additionally, let's make this a function template so that it can be used to read any type of response:
+)
+
+---
+$(HILITE T) getResponse$(HILITE (T))(string question) {
+ writef("%s (%s): ", question, T.stringof);
+
+ $(HILITE T) response;
+ readf(" %s", &response);
+
+ return response;
+}
+---
+
+$(P
+That function template would be very useful in programs to read different types of values from the input. For example, to read some user information, we can imagine calling it as in the following line:
+)
+
+---
+ getResponse("What is your age?");
+---
+
+$(P
+Unfortunately, that call does not give the compiler any clue as to what the template parameter $(C T) should be. What is known is that the question is passed to the function as a $(C string), but the type of the return value cannot be deduced:
+)
+
+$(SHELL_SMALL
+Error: template deneme.getResponse(T) $(HILITE cannot deduce) template
+function from argument types !()(string)
+)
+
+$(P
+$(IX !, template instance) In such cases, the template parameters must be specified explicitly by the programmer. Template parameters are specified in parentheses after an exclamation mark:
+)
+
+---
+ getResponse$(HILITE !(int))("What is your age?");
+---
+
+$(P
+The code above can now be accepted by the compiler and the function template is compiled as $(C T) being an alias of $(C int) within the definition of the template.
+)
+
+$(P
+When there is only one template parameter specified, the parentheses around it are optional:
+)
+
+---
+ getResponse$(HILITE !int)("What is your age?"); // same as above
+---
+
+$(P
+You may recognize that syntax from $(C to!string), which we have been using in earlier programs. $(C to()) is a function template, which takes the target type of the conversion as a template parameter. Since it has only one template parameter that needs to be specified, it is commonly written as $(C to!string) instead of $(C to!(string)).
+)
+
+$(H5 $(IX instantiation, template) Template instantiation)
+
+$(P
+Automatic generation of code for a specific set of template parameter values is called an $(I instantiation) of that template for that specific set of parameter values. For example, $(C to!string) and $(C to!int) are two different instantiations of the $(C to) function template.
+)
+
+$(P
+As I will mention again in a separate section below, distinct instantiations of templates produce distinct and incompatible types.
+)
+
+$(H5 $(IX specialization, template) Template specializations)
+
+$(P
+Although the $(C getResponse()) function template can in theory be used for any template type, the code that the compiler generates may not be suitable for every type. Let's assume that we have the following type that represents points on a two dimensional space:
+)
+
+---
+struct Point {
+ int x;
+ int y;
+}
+---
+
+$(P
+Although the instantiation of $(C getResponse()) for the $(C Point) type itself would be fine, the generated $(C readf()) call for $(C Point) cannot be compiled. This is because the standard library function $(C readf()) does not know how to read a $(C Point) object. The two lines that actually read the response would look like the following in the $(C Point) instantiation of the $(C getResponse()) function template:
+)
+
+---
+ Point response;
+ readf(" %s", &response); $(DERLEME_HATASI)
+---
+
+$(P
+One way of reading a $(C Point) object would be to read the values of the $(C x) and $(C y) members separately and then to $(I construct) a $(C Point) object from those values.
+)
+
+$(P
+Providing a special definition of a template for a specific template parameter value is called a $(I template specialization). The specialization is defined by the type name after a $(C :) character in the template parameter list. A $(C Point) specialization of the $(C getResponse()) function template can be defined as in the following code:
+)
+
+---
+// The general definition of the function template (same as before)
+T getResponse(T)(string question) {
+ writef("%s (%s): ", question, T.stringof);
+
+ T response;
+ readf(" %s", &response);
+
+ return response;
+}
+
+// The specialization of the function template for Point
+T getResponse(T $(HILITE : Point))(string question) {
+ writefln("%s (Point)", question);
+
+ auto x = getResponse!int(" x");
+ auto y = getResponse!int(" y");
+
+ return Point(x, y);
+}
+---
+
+$(P
+Note that the specialization takes advantage of the general definition of $(C getResponse()) to read two $(C int) values to be used as the values of the $(C x) and $(C y) members.
+)
+
+$(P
+Instead of instantiating the template itself, now the compiler uses the specialization above whenever $(C getResponse()) is called for the $(C Point) type:
+)
+
+---
+ auto center = getResponse!Point("Where is the center?");
+---
+
+$(P
+Assuming that the user enters 11 and 22:
+)
+
+$(SHELL_SMALL
+Where is the center? (Point)
+ x (int): 11
+ y (int): 22
+)
+
+$(P
+The $(C getResponse!int()) calls are directed to the general definition of the template and the $(C getResponse!Point()) calls are directed to the $(C Point) specialization of it.
+)
+
+$(P
+As another example, let's consider using the same template with $(C string). As you would remember from the $(LINK2 /ders/d.en/strings.html, Strings chapter), $(C readf()) would read all of the characters from the input as part of a single $(C string) until the end of the input. For that reason, the default definition of $(C getResponse()) would not be useful when reading $(C string) responses:
+)
+
+---
+ // Reads the entire input, not only the name!
+ auto name = getResponse!string("What is your name?");
+---
+
+$(P
+We can provide a template specialization for $(C string) as well. The following specialization reads just the $(I line) instead:
+)
+
+---
+T getResponse(T $(HILITE : string))(string question) {
+ writef("%s (string): ", question);
+
+ // Read and ignore whitespace characters which have
+ // presumably been left over from the previous user input
+ string response;
+ do {
+ response = strip(readln());
+ } while (response.length == 0);
+
+ return response;
+}
+---
+
+$(H5 $(IX struct template) $(IX class template) Struct and class templates)
+
+$(P
+The $(C Point) struct may be seen as having a limitation: Because its two members are defined specifically as $(C int), it cannot represent fractional coordinate values. This limitation can be removed if the $(C Point) struct is defined as a template.
+)
+
+$(P
+Let's first add a member function that returns the distance to another $(C Point) object:
+)
+
+---
+import std.math;
+
+// ...
+
+struct Point {
+ int x;
+ int y;
+
+ int distanceTo(in Point that) const {
+ immutable real xDistance = x - that.x;
+ immutable real yDistance = y - that.y;
+
+ immutable distance = sqrt((xDistance * xDistance) +
+ (yDistance * yDistance));
+
+ return cast(int)distance;
+ }
+}
+---
+
+$(P
+That definition of $(C Point) is suitable when the required precision is relatively low: It can calculate the distance between two points at kilometer precision, e.g. between the center and branch offices of an organization:
+)
+
+---
+ auto center = getResponse!Point("Where is the center?");
+ auto branch = getResponse!Point("Where is the branch?");
+
+ writeln("Distance: ", center.distanceTo(branch));
+---
+
+$(P
+Unfortunately, $(C Point) is inadequate at higher precisions than $(C int) can provide.
+)
+
+$(P
+Structs and classes can be defined as templates as well, by specifying a template parameter list after their names. For example, $(C Point) can be defined as a struct template by providing a template parameter and replacing the $(C int)s by that parameter:
+)
+
+---
+struct Point$(HILITE (T)) {
+ $(HILITE T) x;
+ $(HILITE T) y;
+
+ $(HILITE T) distanceTo(in Point that) const {
+ immutable real xDistance = x - that.x;
+ immutable real yDistance = y - that.y;
+
+ immutable distance = sqrt((xDistance * xDistance) +
+ (yDistance * yDistance));
+
+ return cast($(HILITE T))distance;
+ }
+}
+---
+
+$(P
+Since structs and classes are not functions, they cannot be called with parameters. This makes it impossible for the compiler to deduce their template parameters. The template parameter list must always be specified for struct and class templates:
+)
+
+---
+ auto center = Point$(HILITE !int)(0, 0);
+ auto branch = Point$(HILITE !int)(100, 100);
+
+ writeln("Distance: ", center.distanceTo(branch));
+---
+
+$(P
+The definitions above make the compiler generate code for the $(C int) instantiation of the $(C Point) template, which is the equivalent of its earlier non-template definition. However, now it can be used with any type. For example, when more precision is needed, with $(C double):
+)
+
+---
+ auto point1 = Point$(HILITE !double)(1.2, 3.4);
+ auto point2 = Point$(HILITE !double)(5.6, 7.8);
+
+ writeln(point1.distanceTo(point2));
+---
+
+$(P
+Although the template itself has been defined independently of any specific type, its single definition makes it possible to represent points of various precisions.
+)
+
+$(P
+Simply converting $(C Point) to a template would cause compilation errors in code that has already been written according to its non-template definition. For example, now the $(C Point) specialization of $(C getResponse()) cannot be compiled:
+)
+
+---
+T getResponse(T : Point)(string question) { $(DERLEME_HATASI)
+ writefln("%s (Point)", question);
+
+ auto x = getResponse!int(" x");
+ auto y = getResponse!int(" y");
+
+ return Point(x, y);
+}
+---
+
+$(P
+The reason for the compilation error is that $(C Point) itself is not a type anymore: $(C Point) is now a $(I struct template). Only instantiations of that template would be considered as types. The following changes are required to correctly specialize $(C getResponse()) for any instantiation of $(C Point):
+)
+
+---
+Point!T getResponse(T : Point!T)(string question) { // 2, 1
+ writefln("%s (Point!%s)", question, T.stringof); // 5
+
+ auto x = getResponse!T(" x"); // 3a
+ auto y = getResponse!T(" y"); // 3b
+
+ return Point!T(x, y); // 4
+}
+---
+
+$(OL
+
+$(LI
+In order for this template specialization to support all instantiations of $(C Point), the template parameter list must mention $(C Point!T). This simply means that the $(C getResponse()) specialization is for $(C Point!T), regardless of $(C T). This specialization would match $(C Point!int), $(C Point!double), etc.
+)
+
+$(LI
+Similarly, to return the correct type as the response, the return type must be specified as $(C Point!T) as well.
+)
+
+$(LI
+Since the types of $(C x) and $(C y) members of $(C Point!T) are now $(C T), as opposed to $(C int), the members must be read by calling $(C getResponse!T()), not $(C getResponse!int()), as the latter would be correct only for $(C Point!int).
+)
+
+$(LI
+Similar to items 1 and 2, the type of the return value is $(C Point!T).
+)
+
+$(LI
+To print the name of the type accurately for every type, as in $(C Point!int), $(C Point!double), etc., $(C T.stringof) is used.
+)
+
+)
+
+$(H5 $(IX default template parameter) Default template parameters)
+
+$(P
+Sometimes it is cumbersome to provide template parameter types every time a template is used, especially when that type is almost always a particular type. For example, $(C getResponse()) may almost always be called for the $(C int) type in the program, and only in a few places for the $(C double) type.
+)
+
+$(P
+It is possible to specify default types for template parameters, which are assumed when the types are not explicitly provided. Default parameter types are specified after the $(C =) character:
+)
+
+---
+T getResponse(T $(HILITE = int))(string question) {
+ // ...
+}
+
+// ...
+
+ auto age = getResponse("What is your age?");
+---
+
+$(P
+As no type has been specified when calling $(C getResponse()) above, $(C T) becomes the default type $(C int) and the call ends up being the equivalent of $(C getResponse!int()).
+)
+
+$(P
+Default template parameters can be specified for struct and class templates as well, but in their case the template parameter list must always be written even when empty:
+)
+
+---
+struct Point(T = int) {
+ // ...
+}
+
+// ...
+
+ Point!$(HILITE ()) center;
+---
+
+
+$(P
+Similar to default function parameter values as we have seen in the $(LINK2 /ders/d.en/parameter_flexibility.html, Variable Number of Parameters chapter), default template parameters can be specified for all of the template parameters or for the $(I last) ones:
+)
+
+---
+void myTemplate(T0, T1 $(HILITE = int), T2 $(HILITE = char))() {
+ // ...
+}
+---
+
+$(P
+The last two template parameters of that function may be left unspecified but the first one is required:
+)
+
+---
+ myTemplate!string();
+---
+
+$(P
+In that usage, the second and third parameters are $(C int) and $(C char), respectively.
+)
+
+$(H5 Every template instantiation yields a distinct type)
+
+$(P
+Every instantiation of a template for a given set of types is considered to be a distinct type. For example, $(C Point!int) and $(C Point!double) are separate types:
+)
+
+---
+Point!int point3 = Point!double(0.25, 0.75); $(DERLEME_HATASI)
+---
+
+$(P
+Those different types cannot be used in the assignment operation above:
+)
+
+$(SHELL_SMALL
+Error: cannot implicitly convert expression (Point(0.25,0.75))
+of type $(HILITE Point!(double)) to $(HILITE Point!(int))
+)
+
+$(H5 A compile-time feature)
+
+$(P
+Templates are entirely a compile-time feature. The instances of templates are generated by the compiler at compile time.
+)
+
+$(H5 Class template example: stack data structure)
+
+$(P
+Struct and class templates are commonly used in the implementations of data structures. Let's design a stack container that will be able to contain any type.
+)
+
+$(P
+Stack is one of the simplest data structures. It represents a container where elements are placed conceptually on top of each other as would be in a stack of papers. New elements go on top, and only the topmost element is accessed. When an element is removed, it is always the topmost one.
+)
+
+$(P
+If we also define a property that returns the total number of elements in the stack, all of the operations of this data structure would be the following:
+)
+
+$(UL
+$(LI Add element ($(C push())))
+$(LI Remove element ($(C pop())))
+$(LI Access the topmost element ($(C .top)))
+$(LI Report the number of elements ($(C .length)))
+)
+
+$(P
+An array can be used to store the elements such that the last element of the array would be representing the topmost element of the stack. Finally, it can be defined as a class template to be able to contain elements of any type:
+)
+
+---
+$(CODE_NAME Stack)class Stack$(HILITE (T)) {
+private:
+
+ $(HILITE T)[] elements;
+
+public:
+
+ void push($(HILITE T) element) {
+ elements ~= element;
+ }
+
+ void pop() {
+ --elements.length;
+ }
+
+ $(HILITE T) top() const @property {
+ return elements[$ - 1];
+ }
+
+ size_t length() const @property {
+ return elements.length;
+ }
+}
+---
+
+$(P
+As a design decision, $(C push()) and $(C pop()) are defined as regular member functions, and $(C .top) and $(C .length) are defined as properties because they can be seen as providing simple information about the stack collection.
+)
+
+$(P
+Here is a $(C unittest) block for this class that uses its $(C int) instantiation:
+)
+
+---
+unittest {
+ auto stack = new Stack$(HILITE !int);
+
+ // The newly added element must appear on top
+ stack.push(42);
+ assert(stack.top == 42);
+ assert(stack.length == 1);
+
+ // .top and .length should not affect the elements
+ assert(stack.top == 42);
+ assert(stack.length == 1);
+
+ // The newly added element must appear on top
+ stack.push(100);
+ assert(stack.top == 100);
+ assert(stack.length == 2);
+
+ // Removing the last element must expose the previous one
+ stack.pop();
+ assert(stack.top == 42);
+ assert(stack.length == 1);
+
+ // The stack must become empty when the last element is
+ // removed
+ stack.pop();
+ assert(stack.length == 0);
+}
+---
+
+$(P
+To take advantage of this class template, let's try using it this time with a user-defined type. As an example, here is a modified version of $(C Point):
+)
+
+---
+struct Point(T) {
+ T x;
+ T y;
+
+ string toString() const {
+ return format("(%s,%s)", x, y);
+ }
+}
+---
+
+$(P
+A $(C Stack) that contains elements of type $(C Point!double) can be defined like the following:
+)
+
+---
+ auto points = new Stack!(Point!double);
+---
+
+$(P
+Here is a test program that first adds ten elements to this stack and then removes them one by one:
+)
+
+---
+$(CODE_XREF Stack)import std.string;
+import std.stdio;
+import std.random;
+
+struct Point(T) {
+ T x;
+ T y;
+
+ string toString() const {
+ return format("(%s,%s)", x, y);
+ }
+}
+
+// Returns a random value between -0.50 and 0.50.
+double random_double()
+out (result) {
+ assert((result >= -0.50) && (result < 0.50));
+
+} do {
+ return (double(uniform(0, 100)) - 50) / 100;
+}
+
+// Returns a Stack that contains 'count' number of random
+// Point!double elements.
+Stack!(Point!double) randomPoints(size_t count)
+out (result) {
+ assert(result.length == count);
+
+} do {
+ auto points = new Stack!(Point!double);
+
+ foreach (i; 0 .. count) {
+ immutable point = Point!double(random_double(),
+ random_double());
+ writeln("adding : ", point);
+ points.push(point);
+ }
+
+ return points;
+}
+
+void main() {
+ auto stackedPoints = randomPoints(10);
+
+ while (stackedPoints.length) {
+ writeln("removing: ", stackedPoints.top);
+ stackedPoints.pop();
+ }
+}
+---
+
+$(P
+As the output of the program shows, the elements are removed in the reverse order as they have been added:
+)
+
+$(SHELL_SMALL
+adding : (-0.02,-0.01)
+adding : (0.17,-0.5)
+adding : (0.12,0.23)
+adding : (-0.05,-0.47)
+adding : (-0.19,-0.11)
+adding : (0.42,-0.32)
+adding : (0.48,-0.49)
+adding : (0.35,0.38)
+adding : (-0.2,-0.32)
+adding : (0.34,0.27)
+removing: (0.34,0.27)
+removing: (-0.2,-0.32)
+removing: (0.35,0.38)
+removing: (0.48,-0.49)
+removing: (0.42,-0.32)
+removing: (-0.19,-0.11)
+removing: (-0.05,-0.47)
+removing: (0.12,0.23)
+removing: (0.17,-0.5)
+removing: (-0.02,-0.01)
+)
+
+$(H5 Function template example: binary search algorithm)
+
+$(P
+Binary search is the fastest algorithm to search for an element among the elements of an already sorted array. It is a very simple algorithm: The element in the middle is considered; if that element is the one that has been sought, then the search is over. If not, then the algorithm is repeated on the elements that are either on the left-hand side or on the right-hand side of the middle element, depending on whether the sought element is greater or less than the middle element.
+)
+
+$(P
+Algorithms that repeat themselves on a smaller range of the initial elements are recursive. Let's write the binary search algorithm recursively by calling itself.
+)
+
+$(P
+Before converting it to a template, let's first write this function to support only arrays of $(C int). We can easily convert it to a template later, by adding a template parameter list and replacing appropriate $(C int)s in its definition by $(C T)s. Here is a binary search algorithm that works on arrays of $(C int):
+)
+
+---
+/* This function returns the index of the value if it exists
+ * in the array, size_t.max otherwise. */
+size_t binarySearch(const int[] values, in int value) {
+ // The value is not in the array if the array is empty.
+ if (values.length == 0) {
+ return size_t.max;
+ }
+
+ immutable midPoint = values.length / 2;
+
+ if (value == values[midPoint]) {
+ // Found.
+ return midPoint;
+
+ } else if (value < values[midPoint]) {
+ // The value can only be in the left-hand side; let's
+ // search in a slice that represents that half.
+ return binarySearch(values[0 .. midPoint], value);
+
+ } else {
+ // The value can only be in the right-hand side; let's
+ // search in the right-hand side.
+ auto index =
+ binarySearch(values[midPoint + 1 .. $], value);
+
+ if (index != size_t.max) {
+ // Adjust the index; it is 0-based in the
+ // right-hand side slice.
+ index += midPoint + 1;
+ }
+
+ return index;
+ }
+
+ assert(false, "We should have never gotten to this line");
+}
+---
+
+$(P
+The function above implements this simple algorithm in four steps:
+)
+
+$(UL
+$(LI If the array is empty, return $(C size_t.max) to indicate that the value has not been found.)
+$(LI If the element at the mid-point is equal to the sought value, then return the index of that element.)
+$(LI If the value is less than the element at the mid-point, then repeat the same algorithm on the left-hand side.)
+$(LI Else, repeat the same algorithm on the right-hand side.)
+)
+
+$(P
+Here is a unittest block that tests the function:
+)
+
+---
+unittest {
+ auto array = [ 1, 2, 3, 5 ];
+ assert(binarySearch(array, 0) == size_t.max);
+ assert(binarySearch(array, 1) == 0);
+ assert(binarySearch(array, 4) == size_t.max);
+ assert(binarySearch(array, 5) == 3);
+ assert(binarySearch(array, 6) == size_t.max);
+}
+---
+
+$(P
+Now that the function has been implemented and tested for $(C int), we can convert it to a template. $(C int) appears only in two places in the definition of the template:
+)
+
+---
+size_t binarySearch(const int[] values, in int value) {
+ // ... int does not appear here ...
+}
+---
+
+$(P
+The $(C int)s that appear in the parameter list are the types of the elements and the value. Specifying those as template parameters is sufficient to make this algorithm a template and to be usable with other types as well:
+)
+
+---
+size_t binarySearch$(HILITE (T))(const $(HILITE T)[] values, in $(HILITE T) value) {
+ // ...
+}
+---
+
+$(P
+That function template can be used with any type that matches the operations that are applied to that type in the template. In $(C binarySearch()), the elements are used only with comparison operators $(C ==) and $(C <):
+)
+
+---
+ if (value $(HILITE ==) values[midPoint]) {
+ // ...
+
+ } else if (value $(HILITE <) values[midPoint]) {
+
+ // ...
+---
+
+$(P
+For that reason, $(C Point) is not ready to be used with $(C binarySearch()) yet:
+)
+
+---
+import std.string;
+
+struct Point(T) {
+ T x;
+ T y;
+
+ string toString() const {
+ return format("(%s,%s)", x, y);
+ }
+}
+
+void $(CODE_DONT_TEST)main() {
+ Point!int[] points;
+
+ foreach (i; 0 .. 15) {
+ points ~= Point!int(i, i);
+ }
+
+ assert(binarySearch(points, Point!int(10, 10)) == 10);
+}
+---
+
+$(P
+The program above would cause a compilation error:
+)
+
+$(SHELL_SMALL
+Error: need member function $(HILITE opCmp()) for struct
+const(Point!(int)) to compare
+)
+
+$(P
+According to the error message, $(C opCmp()) needs to be defined for $(C Point). $(C opCmp()) has been covered in $(LINK2 /ders/d.en/operator_overloading.html, the Operator Overloading chapter):
+)
+
+---
+struct Point(T) {
+// ...
+
+ int opCmp(const ref Point that) const {
+ return (x == that.x
+ ? y - that.y
+ : x - that.x);
+ }
+}
+---
+
+$(H5 Summary)
+
+$(P
+We will see other features of templates in $(LINK2 /ders/d.en/templates_more.html, a later chapter). The following are what we have covered in this chapter:
+)
+
+$(UL
+
+$(LI Templates define the code as a pattern, for the compiler to generate instances of it according to the actual uses in the program.)
+
+$(LI Templates are a compile-time feature.)
+
+$(LI Specifying template parameter lists is sufficient to make function, struct, and class definitions templates.
+
+---
+void functionTemplate$(HILITE (T))(T functionParameter) {
+ // ...
+}
+
+class ClassTemplate$(HILITE (T)) {
+ // ...
+}
+---
+
+)
+
+$(LI Template arguments can be specified explicitly after an exclamation mark. The parentheses are not necessary when there is only one token inside the parentheses.
+
+---
+ auto object1 = new ClassTemplate!(double);
+ auto object2 = new ClassTemplate!double; // same thing
+---
+
+)
+
+$(LI Every template instantiation yields a distinct type.
+
+---
+ assert(typeid(ClassTemplate!$(HILITE int)) !=
+ typeid(ClassTemplate!$(HILITE uint)));
+---
+
+)
+
+$(LI Template arguments can only be deduced for function templates.
+
+---
+ functionTemplate(42); // functionTemplate!int is deduced
+---
+
+)
+
+$(LI Templates can be specialized for the type that is after the $(C :) character.
+
+---
+class ClassTemplate(T $(HILITE : dchar)) {
+ // ...
+}
+---
+
+)
+
+$(LI Default template arguments are specified after the $(C =) character.
+
+---
+void functionTemplate(T $(HILITE = long))(T functionParameter) {
+ // ...
+}
+---
+
+)
+
+)
+
+Macros:
+ SUBTITLE=Templates
+
+ DESCRIPTION=Introduction to D's generic programming features. Templates allow defining code as a pattern and have the compiler generate actual code according to how the template is used in the program.
+
+ KEYWORDS=d programming language tutorial book templates
diff --git a/ddili/src/ders/d.en/templates_more.d b/d.en/templates_more.d
similarity index 98%
rename from ddili/src/ders/d.en/templates_more.d
rename to d.en/templates_more.d
index 8671a2d..7eb07c5 100644
--- a/ddili/src/ders/d.en/templates_more.d
+++ b/d.en/templates_more.d
@@ -270,7 +270,7 @@ Union templates are similar to struct templates. The shortcut syntax is availabl
)
$(P
-As an example, let's design a more general version of the $(C IpAdress) $(C union) that we have seen in $(LINK2 /ders/d.en/union.html, the Unions chapter). There, the value of the IPv4 address was kept as a $(C uint) member in that earlier version of $(C IpAdress), and the element type of the segment array was $(C ubyte):
+As an example, let's design a more general version of the $(C IpAdress) $(C union) that we saw in $(LINK2 /ders/d.en/union.html, the Unions chapter). There, the value of the IPv4 address was kept as a $(C uint) member in that earlier version of $(C IpAdress), and the element type of the segment array was $(C ubyte):
)
---
@@ -281,7 +281,7 @@ union IpAddress {
---
$(P
-The $(C bytes) array was an easy access to the four segments of the IPv4 address.
+The $(C bytes) array provided easy access to the four segments of the IPv4 address.
)
$(P
@@ -432,7 +432,7 @@ class Bulb : ColoredObject$(HILITE !Frequency) {
---
$(P
-However, as explained in $(LINK2 /ders/d.en/templates.html, the Templates chapter), "every different instantiation of a template is a different type". Accordingly, the interfaces $(C ColoredObject!RGB) and $(C ColoredObject!Frequency) are unrelated interfaces, and $(C PageFrame) and $(C Bulb) are unrelated classes.
+However, as explained in $(LINK2 /ders/d.en/templates.html, the Templates chapter), "every template instantiation yields a distinct type". Accordingly, the interfaces $(C ColoredObject!RGB) and $(C ColoredObject!Frequency) are unrelated interfaces, and $(C PageFrame) and $(C Bulb) are unrelated classes.
)
$(H5 $(IX parameter, template) Kinds of template parameters)
@@ -652,7 +652,7 @@ void func(T,
}
void main() {
- func(42); $(CODE_NOTE $(HILITE line 14))
+ func(42); $(CODE_NOTE $(HILITE line 12))
}
---
@@ -661,7 +661,7 @@ Although the special keywords appear in the definition of the template, their va
)
$(SHELL
-Instantiated at function deneme.$(HILITE main) at file deneme.d, $(HILITE line 14).
+Instantiated at function deneme.$(HILITE main) at file deneme.d, $(HILITE line 12).
)
$(P
@@ -966,6 +966,10 @@ void info(T...)(T args) {
}
---
+$(P
+$(I $(B Note:) As seen in the previous chapter, since the arguments are a tuple, the $(C foreach) statement above is a) compile-time $(C foreach).
+)
+
$(P
The output:
)
@@ -1155,7 +1159,7 @@ LargerOf!(A, B) calculate(A, B)(A a, B b) {
$(H5 Template specializations)
$(P
-We have seen template specializations in $(LINK2 /ders/d.en/templates.html, the Templates chapter). Like type parameters, other kinds of template parameters can be specialized as well. The following is both the general definition of a template and its specialization for 0:
+We have seen template specializations in $(LINK2 /ders/d.en/templates.html, the Templates chapter). Like type parameters, other kinds of template parameters can be specialized as well. The following is the general definition of a template and its specialization for 0:
)
---
@@ -1493,7 +1497,7 @@ A template definition is considered by the compiler only if its constraints eval
)
$(P
-Since templates are a compile-time feature, template constraints must be evaluable at compile time. The $(C is) expression that we have seen in $(LINK2 /ders/d.en/is_expr.html, the $(C is) Expression chapter) is commonly used in template constraints. We will use the $(C is) expression in the following examples as well.
+Since templates are a compile-time feature, template constraints must be evaluable at compile time. The $(C is) expression that we saw in $(LINK2 /ders/d.en/is_expr.html, the $(C is) Expression chapter) is commonly used in template constraints. We will use the $(C is) expression in the following examples as well.
)
$(H6 $(IX single-element tuple template parameter) $(IX tuple template parameter, single-element) Tuple parameter of single element)
@@ -1867,7 +1871,7 @@ public:
}
void toString(void delegate(const(char)[]) sink) const {
- formattedWrite(sink, "%(%(%5s %)\n%)", rows);
+ sink.formattedWrite!"%(%(%5s %)\n%)"(rows);
}
/* Assigns the specified value to each element of the
@@ -2055,7 +2059,7 @@ $(LI Specifying template parameter lists is sufficient to make function, struct,
$(LI Template arguments can be specified explicitly after an exclamation mark. The parentheses are not necessary when there is only one token inside the parentheses.)
-$(LI Each different instantiation of a template is a different type.)
+$(LI Each template instantiation yields a different type.)
$(LI Template arguments can only be deduced for function templates.)
diff --git a/ddili/src/ders/d.en/ternary.cozum.d b/d.en/ternary.cozum.d
similarity index 100%
rename from ddili/src/ders/d.en/ternary.cozum.d
rename to d.en/ternary.cozum.d
diff --git a/ddili/src/ders/d.en/ternary.d b/d.en/ternary.d
similarity index 100%
rename from ddili/src/ders/d.en/ternary.d
rename to d.en/ternary.d
diff --git a/ddili/src/ders/d.en/to_be_continued.d b/d.en/to_be_continued.d
similarity index 100%
rename from ddili/src/ders/d.en/to_be_continued.d
rename to d.en/to_be_continued.d
diff --git a/d.en/tuples.d b/d.en/tuples.d
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b989661
--- /dev/null
+++ b/d.en/tuples.d
@@ -0,0 +1,575 @@
+Ddoc
+
+$(DERS_BOLUMU $(IX tuple) $(IX Tuple, std.typecons) Tuples)
+
+$(P
+Tuples are for combining multiple values to be used as a single object. They are implemented as a library feature by the $(C Tuple) template from the $(C std.typecons) module.
+)
+
+$(P
+$(C Tuple) makes use of $(C AliasSeq) from the $(C std.meta) module for some of its operations.
+)
+
+$(P
+This chapter covers only the more common operations of tuples. For more information on tuples and templates see $(LINK2 https://github.com/PhilippeSigaud/D-templates-tutorial, Philippe Sigaud's $(I D Templates: A Tutorial)).
+)
+
+$(H5 $(C Tuple) and $(C tuple()))
+
+$(P
+Tuples are usually constructed by the convenience function $(C tuple()):
+)
+
+---
+import std.stdio;
+import std.typecons;
+
+void main() {
+ auto t = $(HILITE tuple(42, "hello"));
+ writeln(t);
+}
+---
+
+$(P
+The $(C tuple) call above constructs an object that consists of the $(C int) value 42 and the $(C string) value $(STRING "hello"). The output of the program includes the type of the tuple object and its members:
+)
+
+$(SHELL
+Tuple!(int, string)(42, "hello")
+)
+
+$(P
+The tuple type above is the equivalent of the following pseudo $(C struct) definition and likely have been implemented in exactly the same way:
+)
+
+---
+// The equivalent of Tuple!(int, string)
+struct __Tuple_int_string {
+ int __member_0;
+ string __member_1;
+}
+---
+
+$(P
+The members of a tuple are normally accessed by their index values. That syntax suggests that tuples can be seen as arrays consisting of different types of elements:
+)
+
+---
+ writeln(t$(HILITE [0]));
+ writeln(t$(HILITE [1]));
+---
+
+$(P
+The output:
+)
+
+$(SHELL
+42
+hello
+)
+
+$(H6 Member properties )
+
+$(P
+It is possible to access the members by properties if the tuple is constructed directly by the $(C Tuple) template instead of the $(C tuple()) function. The type and the name of each member are specified as two consecutive template parameters:
+)
+
+---
+ auto t = Tuple!(int, "number",
+ string, "message")(42, "hello");
+---
+
+$(P
+The definition above allows accessing the members by $(C .number) and $(C .message) properties as well:
+)
+
+---
+ writeln("by index 0 : ", t[0]);
+ writeln("by .number : ", t$(HILITE .number));
+ writeln("by index 1 : ", t[1]);
+ writeln("by .message: ", t$(HILITE .message));
+---
+
+$(P
+The output:
+)
+
+$(SHELL
+by index 0 : 42
+by .number : 42
+by index 1 : hello
+by .message: hello
+)
+
+$(H6 $(IX .expand) Expanding the members as a list of values)
+
+$(P
+Tuple members can be expanded as a list of values that can be used e.g. as an argument list when calling a function. The members can be expanded either by the $(C .expand) property or by slicing:
+)
+
+---
+import std.stdio;
+import std.typecons;
+
+void foo(int i, string s, double d, char c) {
+ // ...
+}
+
+void bar(int i, double d, char c) {
+ // ...
+}
+
+void main() {
+ auto t = tuple(1, "2", 3.3, '4');
+
+ // Both of the following lines are equivalents of
+ // foo(1, "2", 3.3, '4'):
+ foo(t$(HILITE .expand));
+ foo(t$(HILITE []));
+
+ // The equivalent of bar(1, 3.3, '4'):
+ bar(t$(HILITE [0]), t$(HILITE [$-2..$]));
+}
+---
+
+$(P
+The tuple above consists of four values of $(C int), $(C string), $(C double), and $(C char). Since those types match the parameter list of $(C foo()), an expansion of its members can be used as arguments to $(C foo()). When calling $(C bar()), a matching argument list is made up of the first member and the last two members of the tuple.
+)
+
+$(P
+As long as the members are compatible to be elements of the same array, the expansion of a tuple can be used as the element values of an array literal as well:
+)
+
+---
+import std.stdio;
+import std.typecons;
+
+void main() {
+ auto t = tuple(1, 2, 3);
+ auto a = [ t.expand, t[] ];
+ writeln(a);
+}
+---
+
+$(P
+The array literal above is initialized by expanding the same tuple twice:
+)
+
+$(SHELL
+[1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3]
+)
+
+$(H6 $(IX foreach, compile-time) $(IX compile-time foreach) Compile-time $(C foreach))
+
+$(P
+Because their values can be expanded, tuples can be used with the $(C foreach) statement as well:
+)
+
+---
+ auto t = tuple(42, "hello", 1.5);
+
+ foreach (i, member; $(HILITE t)) {
+ writefln("%s: %s", i, member);
+ }
+---
+
+$(P
+The output:
+)
+
+$(SHELL
+0: 42
+1: hello
+2: 1.5
+)
+
+$(P
+$(IX unroll)
+The $(C foreach) statement above may give a false impression: It may be thought of being a loop that gets executed at run time. That is not the case. Rather, a $(C foreach) statement that operates on the members of a tuple is an $(I unrolling) of the loop body for each member. The $(C foreach) statement above is the equivalent of the following code:
+)
+
+---
+ {
+ enum size_t i = 0;
+ $(HILITE int) member = t[i];
+ writefln("%s: %s", i, member);
+ }
+ {
+ enum size_t i = 1;
+ $(HILITE string) member = t[i];
+ writefln("%s: %s", i, member);
+ }
+ {
+ enum size_t i = 2;
+ $(HILITE double) member = t[i];
+ writefln("%s: %s", i, member);
+ }
+---
+
+$(P
+The reason for the unrolling is the fact that when the tuple members are of different types, the $(C foreach) body has to be compiled differently for each type.
+)
+
+$(P
+We will see $(C static foreach), a more powerful loop unrolling feature, in $(LINK2 /ders/d.en/static_foreach.html, a later chapter).
+)
+
+$(H6 Returning multiple values from functions)
+
+$(P
+$(IX findSplit, std.algorithm) Tuples can be a simple solution to the limitation of functions having to return a single value. An example of this is $(C std.algorithm.findSplit). $(C findSplit()) searches for a range inside another range and produces a result consisting of three pieces: the part before the found range, the found range, and the part after the found range:
+)
+
+---
+import std.algorithm;
+
+// ...
+
+ auto entireRange = "hello";
+ auto searched = "ll";
+
+ auto result = findSplit(entireRange, searched);
+
+ writeln("before: ", result[0]);
+ writeln("found : ", result[1]);
+ writeln("after : ", result[2]);
+---
+
+$(P
+The output:
+)
+
+$(SHELL
+before: he
+found : ll
+after : o
+)
+
+$(P
+Another option for returning multiple values from a function is to return a $(C struct) object:
+)
+
+---
+struct Result {
+ // ...
+}
+
+$(HILITE Result) foo() {
+ // ...
+}
+---
+
+$(H5 $(IX AliasSeq, std.meta) $(C AliasSeq))
+
+$(P
+$(C AliasSeq) is defined in the $(C std.meta) module. It is used for representing a concept that is normally used by the compiler but otherwise not available to the programmer as an entity: A comma-separated list of values, types, and symbols (i.e. $(C alias) template arguments). The following are three examples of such lists:
+)
+
+$(UL
+$(LI Function argument list)
+$(LI Template argument list)
+$(LI Array literal element list)
+)
+
+$(P
+The following three lines of code are examples of those lists in the same order:
+)
+
+---
+ foo($(HILITE 1, "hello", 2.5)); // function arguments
+ auto o = Bar!($(HILITE char, long))(); // template arguments
+ auto a = [ $(HILITE 1, 2, 3, 4) ]; // array literal elements
+---
+
+$(P
+$(C Tuple) takes advantage of $(C AliasSeq) when expanding its members.
+)
+
+$(P
+$(IX TypeTuple, std.typetuple) The name $(C AliasSeq) comes from "alias sequence" and it can contain types, values, and symbols. ($(C AliasSeq) and $(C std.meta) used to be called $(C TypeTuple) and $(C std.typetuple), respectively.)
+)
+
+$(P
+This chapter includes $(C AliasSeq) examples that consist only of types or only of values. Examples of its use with both types and values will appear in the next chapter. $(C AliasSeq) is especially useful with variadic templates, which we will see in the next chapter as well.
+)
+
+$(H6 $(C AliasSeq) consisting of values)
+
+$(P
+The values that an $(C AliasSeq) represents are specified as its template arguments.
+)
+
+$(P
+Let's imagine a function that takes three parameters:
+)
+
+---
+import std.stdio;
+
+void foo($(HILITE int i, string s, double d)) {
+ writefln("foo is called with %s, %s, and %s.", i, s, d);
+}
+---
+
+$(P
+That function would normally be called with three arguments:
+)
+
+---
+ foo(1, "hello", 2.5);
+---
+
+$(P
+$(C AliasSeq) can combine those arguments as a single entity and can automatically be expanded when calling functions:
+)
+
+---
+import std.meta;
+
+// ...
+
+ alias arguments = AliasSeq!(1, "hello", 2.5);
+ foo($(HILITE arguments));
+---
+
+$(P
+Although it looks like the function is now being called with a single argument, the $(C foo()) call above is the equivalent of the previous one. As a result, both calls produce the same output:
+)
+
+$(SHELL
+foo is called with 1, hello, and 2.5.
+)
+
+$(P
+Also note that $(C arguments) is not defined as a variable, e.g. with $(C auto). Rather, it is an $(C alias) of a specific $(C AliasSeq) instance. Although it is possible to define variables of $(C AliasSeq)s as well, the examples in this chapter will use them only as aliases.
+)
+
+$(P
+As we have seen above with $(C Tuple), when the values are compatible to be elements of the same array, an $(C AliasSeq) can be used to initialize an array literal as well:
+)
+
+---
+ alias elements = AliasSeq!(1, 2, 3, 4);
+ auto arr = [ $(HILITE elements) ];
+ assert(arr == [ 1, 2, 3, 4 ]);
+---
+
+$(H6 Indexing and slicing)
+
+$(P
+Same with $(C Tuple), the members of an $(C AliasSeq) can be accessed by indexes and slices:
+)
+
+---
+ alias arguments = AliasSeq!(1, "hello", 2.5);
+ assert(arguments$(HILITE [0]) == 1);
+ assert(arguments$(HILITE [1]) == "hello");
+ assert(arguments$(HILITE [2]) == 2.5);
+---
+
+$(P
+Let's assume there is a function with parameters matching the last two members of the $(C AliasSeq) above. That function can be called with a slice of just the last two members of the $(C AliasSeq):
+)
+
+---
+void bar(string s, double d) {
+ // ...
+}
+
+// ...
+
+ bar(arguments$(HILITE [$-2 .. $]));
+---
+
+$(H6 $(C AliasSeq) consisting of types)
+
+$(P
+Members of an $(C AliasSeq) can consist of types. In other words, not a specific value of a specific type but a type like $(C int) itself. An $(C AliasSeq) consisting of types can represent template arguments.
+)
+
+$(P
+Let's use an $(C AliasSeq) with a $(C struct) template that has two parameters. The first parameter of this template determines the element type of a member array and the second parameter determines the return value of a member function:
+)
+
+---
+import std.conv;
+
+struct S($(HILITE ElementT, ResultT)) {
+ ElementT[] arr;
+
+ ResultT length() {
+ return to!ResultT(arr.length);
+ }
+}
+
+void main() {
+ auto s = S!$(HILITE (double, int))([ 1, 2, 3 ]);
+ auto l = s.length();
+}
+---
+
+$(P
+In the code above, we see that the template is instantiated with $(C (double, int)). An $(C AliasSeq) can represent the same argument list as well:
+)
+
+---
+import std.meta;
+
+// ...
+
+ alias Types = AliasSeq!(double, int);
+ auto s = S!$(HILITE Types)([ 1, 2, 3 ]);
+---
+
+$(P
+Although it appears to be a single template argument, $(C Types) gets expanded automatically and the template instantiation becomes $(C S!(double, int)) as before.
+)
+
+$(P
+$(C AliasSeq) is especially useful in $(I variadic templates). We will see examples of this in the next chapter.
+)
+
+$(H6 $(C foreach) with $(C AliasSeq))
+
+$(P
+Same with $(C Tuple), the $(C foreach) statement operating on an $(C AliasSeq) is not a run time loop. Rather, it is the unrolling of the loop body for each member.
+)
+
+$(P
+Let's see an example of this with a unit test written for the $(C S) struct that was defined above. The following code tests $(C S) for element types $(C int), $(C long), and $(C float) ($(C ResultT) is always $(C size_t) in this example):
+)
+
+---
+unittest {
+ alias Types = AliasSeq!($(HILITE int, long, float));
+
+ foreach (Type; $(HILITE Types)) {
+ auto s = S!(Type, size_t)([ Type.init, Type.init ]);
+ assert(s.length() == 2);
+ }
+}
+---
+
+$(P
+The $(C foreach) variable $(C Type) corresponds to $(C int), $(C long), and $(C float), in that order. As a result, the $(C foreach) statement gets compiled as the equivalent of the code below:
+)
+
+---
+ {
+ auto s = S!($(HILITE int), size_t)([ $(HILITE int).init, $(HILITE int).init ]);
+ assert(s.length() == 2);
+ }
+ {
+ auto s = S!($(HILITE long), size_t)([ $(HILITE long).init, $(HILITE long).init ]);
+ assert(s.length() == 2);
+ }
+ {
+ auto s = S!($(HILITE float), size_t)([ $(HILITE float).init, $(HILITE float).init ]);
+ assert(s.length() == 2);
+ }
+---
+
+$(H5 $(IX .tupleof) $(C .tupleof) property)
+
+$(P
+$(C .tupleof) represents the members of a type or an object. When applied to a user-defined type, $(C .tupleof) provides access to the definitions of the members of that type:
+)
+
+---
+import std.stdio;
+
+struct S {
+ int number;
+ string message;
+ double value;
+}
+
+void main() {
+ foreach (i, MemberType; typeof($(HILITE S.tupleof))) {
+ writefln("Member %s:", i);
+ writefln(" type: %s", MemberType.stringof);
+
+ string name = $(HILITE S.tupleof)[i].stringof;
+ writefln(" name: %s", name);
+ }
+}
+---
+
+$(P
+$(C S.tupleof) appears in two places in the program. First, the types of the elements are obtained by applying $(C typeof) to $(C .tupleof) so that each type appears as the $(C MemberType) variable. Second, the name of the member is obtained by $(C S.tupleof[i].stringof).
+)
+
+$(SHELL
+Member 0:
+ type: int
+ name: number
+Member 1:
+ type: string
+ name: message
+Member 2:
+ type: double
+ name: value
+)
+
+$(P
+$(C .tupleof) can be applied to an object as well. In that case, it produces a tuple consisting of the values of the members of the object:
+)
+
+---
+ auto object = S(42, "hello", 1.5);
+
+ foreach (i, member; $(HILITE object.tupleof)) {
+ writefln("Member %s:", i);
+ writefln(" type : %s", typeof(member).stringof);
+ writefln(" value: %s", member);
+ }
+---
+
+$(P
+The $(C foreach) variable $(C member) represents each member of the object:
+)
+
+$(SHELL
+Member 0:
+ type : int
+ value: 42
+Member 1:
+ type : string
+ value: hello
+Member 2:
+ type : double
+ value: 1.5
+)
+
+$(P
+Here, an important point to make is that the tuple that $(C .tupleof) returns consists of the members of the object themselves, not their copies. In other words, the tuple members are references to the actual object members.
+)
+
+$(H5 Summary)
+
+$(UL
+
+$(LI $(C tuple()) combines different types of values similar to a $(C struct) object.)
+
+$(LI Explicit use of $(C Tuple) allows accessing the members by properties.)
+
+$(LI The members can be expanded as a value list by $(C .expand) or by slicing.)
+
+$(LI $(C foreach) with a tuple is not a run time loop; rather, it is a loop unrolling.)
+
+$(LI $(C AliasSeq) represents concepts like function argument list, template argument list, array literal element list, etc.)
+
+$(LI $(C AliasSeq) can consist of values and types.)
+
+$(LI Tuples support indexing and slicing.)
+
+$(LI $(C .tupleof) provides information about the members of types and objects.)
+
+)
+
+macros:
+ SUBTITLE=Tuples
+
+ DESCRIPTION=Combining values and types to be able to access them as members of the same object.
+
+ KEYWORDS=d programming language tutorial book Tuple AliasSeq tuple
diff --git a/ddili/src/ders/d.cn/types.cozum.d b/d.en/types.cozum.d
similarity index 100%
rename from ddili/src/ders/d.cn/types.cozum.d
rename to d.en/types.cozum.d
diff --git a/ddili/src/ders/d.cn/types.d b/d.en/types.d
similarity index 100%
rename from ddili/src/ders/d.cn/types.d
rename to d.en/types.d
diff --git a/ddili/src/ders/d.en/ufcs.d b/d.en/ufcs.d
similarity index 100%
rename from ddili/src/ders/d.en/ufcs.d
rename to d.en/ufcs.d
diff --git a/ddili/src/ders/d.cn/union.d b/d.en/union.d
similarity index 98%
rename from ddili/src/ders/d.cn/union.d
rename to d.en/union.d
index baff597..eb741de 100644
--- a/ddili/src/ders/d.cn/union.d
+++ b/d.en/union.d
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ Ddoc
$(DERS_BOLUMU $(IX union) Unions)
$(P
-Unions allow more than one member share the same memory area. They are a low-level feature inherited from the C programming language.
+Unions, a low-level feature inherited from the C programming language, allow more than one member to share the same memory area.
)
$(P
diff --git a/ddili/src/ders/d.cn/unit_testing.cozum.d b/d.en/unit_testing.cozum.d
similarity index 100%
rename from ddili/src/ders/d.cn/unit_testing.cozum.d
rename to d.en/unit_testing.cozum.d
diff --git a/ddili/src/ders/d.en/unit_testing.d b/d.en/unit_testing.d
similarity index 99%
rename from ddili/src/ders/d.en/unit_testing.d
rename to d.en/unit_testing.d
index e160d10..8326d50 100644
--- a/ddili/src/ders/d.en/unit_testing.d
+++ b/d.en/unit_testing.d
@@ -169,7 +169,7 @@ Assuming that the program is written in a single source file named $(C deneme.d)
)
$(SHELL
-dmd deneme.d -w $(HILITE -unittest)
+$ dmd deneme.d -w $(HILITE -unittest)
)
$(P
diff --git a/ddili/src/ders/d.cn/value_vs_reference.d b/d.en/value_vs_reference.d
similarity index 98%
rename from ddili/src/ders/d.cn/value_vs_reference.d
rename to d.en/value_vs_reference.d
index c231911..e22a871 100644
--- a/ddili/src/ders/d.cn/value_vs_reference.d
+++ b/d.en/value_vs_reference.d
@@ -121,6 +121,9 @@ $(P
We have been using the $(C &) operator so far with $(C readf()). The $(C &) operator tells $(C readf()) where to put the input data.
)
+$(P $(I $(B Note:) As we have seen in $(LINK2 /ders/d.en/input.html, the Reading from the Standard Input chapter), $(C readf()) can be used without explicit pointers as well.
+))
+
$(P
The addresses of variables can be used for other purposes as well. The following code simply prints the addresses of two variables:
)
@@ -567,7 +570,7 @@ class MyClass {
void printHeader() {
immutable dchar[] header =
- " Type of variable"
+ " Type of variable" ~
" a == b &a == &b";
writeln();
diff --git a/ddili/src/ders/d.cn/variables.cozum.d b/d.en/variables.cozum.d
similarity index 100%
rename from ddili/src/ders/d.cn/variables.cozum.d
rename to d.en/variables.cozum.d
diff --git a/ddili/src/ders/d.cn/variables.d b/d.en/variables.d
similarity index 100%
rename from ddili/src/ders/d.cn/variables.d
rename to d.en/variables.d
diff --git a/ddili/src/ders/d.cn/while.cozum.d b/d.en/while.cozum.d
similarity index 100%
rename from ddili/src/ders/d.cn/while.cozum.d
rename to d.en/while.cozum.d
diff --git a/ddili/src/ders/d.en/while.d b/d.en/while.d
similarity index 91%
rename from ddili/src/ders/d.en/while.d
rename to d.en/while.d
index 4b25e67..9134507 100644
--- a/ddili/src/ders/d.en/while.d
+++ b/d.en/while.d
@@ -138,21 +138,21 @@ $(P
$(C break) works with $(C do-while), $(C for), $(C foreach), and $(C switch) statements as well. We will see these features in later chapters.
)
-$(H5 $(IX loop, infinite) Infinite loop)
+$(H5 $(IX loop, infinite) $(IX loop, unconditional) $(IX infinite loop) $(IX unconditional loop) Unconditional loop)
$(P
-Sometimes the logical expression is intentionally made a constant $(C true). The $(C break) statement is a common way of exiting such $(I infinite loops).
+Sometimes the logical expression is intentionally made a constant $(C true). The $(C break) statement is a common way of exiting such $(I unconditional loops). ($(I Infinite loop) is an alternative but not completely accurate term that means unconditional loop.)
)
$(P
-The following program prints a menu in an infinite loop; the only way of exiting the loop is a $(C break) statement:
+The following program prints a menu in an unconditional loop; the only way of exiting the loop is a $(C break) statement:
)
---
import std.stdio;
void main() {
- /* Infinite loop, because the logical expression is always
+ /* Unconditional loop, because the logical expression is always
* true */
while ($(HILITE true)) {
write("0:Exit, 1:Turkish, 2:English - Your choice? ");
@@ -178,7 +178,7 @@ void main() {
---
$(P
-$(I $(B Note:)) Exceptions $(I can terminate an infinite loop as well. We will see exceptions in a later chapter.)
+$(I $(B Note:)) Exceptions $(I can terminate an unconditional loop as well. We will see exceptions in a later chapter.)
)
$(PROBLEM_COK
diff --git a/ddili/src/ders/d.en/writeln.cozum.d b/d.en/writeln.cozum.d
similarity index 89%
rename from ddili/src/ders/d.en/writeln.cozum.d
rename to d.en/writeln.cozum.d
index a45861d..bf8eafd 100644
--- a/ddili/src/ders/d.en/writeln.cozum.d
+++ b/d.en/writeln.cozum.d
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ $(LI
One method is to use another parameter in between:
---
- writeln("Hello world!", " ", "Hello fish!");
+ writeln("Hello, World!", " ", "Hello, fish!");
---
)
diff --git a/ddili/src/ders/d.en/writeln.d b/d.en/writeln.d
similarity index 90%
rename from ddili/src/ders/d.en/writeln.d
rename to d.en/writeln.d
index 77c63f9..adb618d 100644
--- a/ddili/src/ders/d.en/writeln.d
+++ b/d.en/writeln.d
@@ -22,12 +22,12 @@ $(C writeln) can take more than one argument. It prints them one after the other
import std.stdio;
void main() {
- writeln("Hello world!", "Hello fish!");
+ writeln("Hello, World!", "Hello, fish!");
}
---
$(P
-Sometimes, all of the information that is to be printed on the same line may not be readily available to be passed to $(C writeln). In such cases, the first parts of the line may be printed by $(C write) and the last part of the line may be printed by $(C writeln).
+Sometimes, not all of the information that is to be printed on the same line may be readily available to be passed to $(C writeln). In such cases, the first parts of the line may be printed by $(C write) and the last part of the line may be printed by $(C writeln).
)
$(P
@@ -39,11 +39,11 @@ import std.stdio;
void main() {
// Let's first print what we have available:
- write("Hello");
+ write("Hello,");
// ... let's assume more operations at this point ...
- write("world!");
+ write("World!");
// ... and finally:
writeln();
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ $(PROBLEM_COK
$(PROBLEM
-Both of the programs in this chapter print the strings without any spaces between them. Change the programs so that there is space between the arguments as in "Hello world!".
+Both of the programs in this chapter print the strings without any spaces between them. Change the programs so that there is space between the arguments as in "Hello, World!".
)
diff --git a/ddili/.gitignore b/ddili/.gitignore
deleted file mode 100644
index 42e41d0..0000000
--- a/ddili/.gitignore
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,56 +0,0 @@
-pdf_surum.txt
-*.pdf_icin.html
-*pdf_icin_bir_arada.*_anchors.html
-index_section.html
-ix.html
-ix_body.html
-toc.html
-ebook_source.*.html*
-*.last_modified.ddoc
-*.d.macros.ddoc
-pdf_local.ddoc
-sozluk.ddoc
-sozluk_body.ddoc
-test.ddoc
-*.code_tested
-*.o
-*.d.pre_ddoc.d
-*.d.post_ddoc.d
-*.tar.gz
-*~
-ebook.css
-AliCehreli_resume.pdf
-
-public_html/
-public_html_test/
-src/anchorgen
-src/codetester
-src/sozlukmaker
-src/ebooksanitizer
-
-src/ders/d.en/pdf_icin_bir_arada
-src/ders/d.en/Programming_in_D.pdf
-src/ders/d.en/Programming_in_D.print.pdf
-src/ders/d.en/Programming_in_D_code_samples
-src/ders/d.en/Programming_in_D_code_samples.zip
-src/ders/d.en/code/*[0-9].d
-
-src/ders/d/pdf_icin_bir_arada
-src/ders/d/sozluk.d
-src/ders/d/D_Programlama_Dili.pdf
-src/ders/d/D_Programlama_Dili.print.pdf
-src/ders/d/D_Programlama_Dili_kod_ornekleri
-src/ders/d/D_Programlama_Dili_kod_ornekleri.zip
-src/ders/d/code/*[0-9].d
-
-src/ders/gtkd/pdf_icin_bir_arada
-src/ders/gtkd/Gtkd_ile_Programlama.pdf
-src/ders/gtkd/Gtkd_ile_Programlama.print.pdf
-src/ders/gtkd/Gtkd_ile_Programlama_kod_ornekleri
-src/ders/gtkd/Gtkd_ile_Programlama_kod_ornekleri.zip
-
-src/ders/sdl/pdf_icin_bir_arada
-src/ders/sdl/SDL_ile_Oyun_Programlama.pdf
-src/ders/sdl/SDL_ile_Oyun_Programlama.print.pdf
-src/ders/sdl/SDL_ile_Oyun_Programlama_kod_ornekleri
-src/ders/sdl/SDL_ile_Oyun_Programlama_kod_ornekleri.zip
diff --git a/ddili/BENIOKU b/ddili/BENIOKU
deleted file mode 100644
index 6585f7a..0000000
--- a/ddili/BENIOKU
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,108 +0,0 @@
-(Bu dosyanın İngilizcesi: README)
-
-Bu proje ddili.org sitesini oluşturur.
-
-Gereken araçlar:
-
- dmd: dlang.org'dan edinebilirsiniz. En son 2.064 sürümü kullanılmıştır ama
- herhalde başka sürümler de çalışır
-
- make: Her Linux dağıtımında bulunan GNU make. En son 3.81 kullanılmıştır ama
- herhalde başka sürümler de çalışır
-
- prince: ('test' hedefi için gerekmez.) html'den pdf'e dönüştüren bir araç:
- http://princexml.com. Fontlar için ayrıca kurulum gerekmez.
-
-Oluşturmak için:
-
- make -C src
-
-Bilinen sorunlar:
-
-- Eğer make "unexpected operator" hataları veriyorsa; sisteminizde /bin/sh,
- /bin/dash'e bağlı olduğu için olabilir. Bunun gerçekten böyle olup
- olmadığını anlamak için:
-
- ll /bin/sh
-
- Eğer satırın sonunda gerçekten dash varsa,
-
- ... /bin/sh -> dash
-
- onu bash olarak değiştirmeniz gerekir:
-
- sudo rm /bin/sh
- sudo ln -s /bin/bash /bin/sh
-
-- 'test' hedefini oluşturduğunuzda ve sayfaları yerel olarak Firefox içinden
- açtığınızda doğru fontları görmüyorsanız Firefox'un about:config
- sayfasındaki "security.fileuri.strict_origin_policy" ayarına false değerini
- vermeniz gerekiyor olabilir.
-
-Oluşanlar:
-
- public_html: sitenin bütün dosyalarını içeren dizin
-
- public_html.tar.gz: yukarıdaki dizinin sıkıştırılmış hali
-
-Tarayıcınızda yerel olarak açmaya elverişli dosyalar oluşturmak için:
-
- make -C src test
-
-Oluşanlar:
-
- public_html_test: sitenin yerel olarak açmaya biraz daha elverişli olan
- sayfaları
-
-Tek pdf dosyasının oluşturulması:
-
- Her kitabın iki çeşidi var: Renklisi (*.pdf) ve kağıt baskıya uygun olan
- siyah beyazı (*.print.pdf). Bunları ayrı ayrı oluşturabilirsiniz. Alışılmışın
- tersine, bu dosyalar kaynak dosyaların bulunduğu klasörde belirirler:
-
- make -C src ders/d.en/Programming_in_D.print.pdf
- make -C src ders/d.en/Programming_in_D.pdf
- make -C src ders/d/D_Programlama_Dili.print.pdf
- make -C src ders/d/D_Programlama_Dili.pdf
- vs.
-
-Ekitap sürümünün oluşturulması:
-
-1) 'ebook' hedefini oluşturun
-
- make -C src ebook
-
- O komut bütün ekitaplar için gereken bütün dosyaları içeren bir tar dosyası
- oluşturur:
-
- ebook_transfer.tar.gz
-
-2) O tar dosyasını ekitapları oluşturmak istediğiniz ortamda açın:
-
- mkdir ebook_gen
- cd ebook_gen
- tar zxvf ebook_transfer.tar.gz
-
- 'ders' klasörü bütün ekitap kaynaklarını içerir. Örneğin, "D Programlama
- Dili" için gereken HTML ve CSS dosyaları ders/d klasörü altındadır:
-
- cover_ebook.png
- ebook.css
- ebook_source.d.html
-
-3) ebook_source.d.html dosyasında içinde "/image/" geçen bağlantıları bulun ve
- bütün bağlantıyı "../../image/" olarak değiştirin. Örneğin,
- "/home/acehreli/personal/ddili/ddili/src/image/by-nc-sa.png" dizgisini
- "../../image/by-nc-sa.png" ile değiştirin.
-
-4) ebook.css içindeki bütün URL'leri tam yol adlarıyla değiştirin. Örneğin,
- aşağıdakini
-
- src: url("fonts/opensans/OpenSans-Regular.ttf")
-
- aşağıdaki ile değiştirin
-
- src: url("/fonts/klasörünün/tam/yolu/opensans/OpenSans-Regular.ttf")
-
-5) CSS ve HTML dosyalarını istediğiniz ekitap programı (örneğin, calibre) ile
- kullanarak ekitabı oluşturun.
diff --git a/ddili/README b/ddili/README
deleted file mode 100644
index 509f0ff..0000000
--- a/ddili/README
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,91 +0,0 @@
-(Bu dosyanın Türkçesi: BENIOKU)
-
-This project produces the site ddili.org.
-
-Required tools:
-
- dmd: Can be obtained at dlang.org. The earliest required version is 2.067.
-
- make: GNU make that comes with most Linux distributions. Last used version
- was 3.81 but it is likely that other versions will work as well.
-
- prince: (Not needed for the 'test' target.) A tool that converts from html
- to pdf: http://princexml.com.
-
-To generate the site:
-
- make -C src
-
-Issues:
-
-- If you receive "unexpected operator" errors from make, it may be because
- /bin/sh is linked to /bin/dash. To see whether that is the case:
-
- ll /bin/sh
-
- If you see 'dash' at the end of the line,
-
- ... /bin/sh -> dash
-
- you must change it to 'bash':
-
- sudo rm /bin/sh
- sudo ln -s /bin/bash /bin/sh
-
-- If you don't see the right fonts in Firefox with the 'test' target during
- development, you may have to set "security.fileuri.strict_origin_policy" to
- false in the about:config page.
-
-The outputs of the make process:
-
- public_html: The directory that contains all of the files of the site.
-
- public_html.tar.gz: The tarred and zipped version of that directory.
-
-To produce files that are somewhat suitable to open in a browser locally:
-
- make -C src test
-
-The test output:
-
- public_html_test: Files that are somewhat more suitable to open locally.
-
-Creating a single pdf:
-
- There are two copies of each book: The color version (*.pdf) and the
- black-and-white print version (*.print.pdf). You can build these targets
- individually. Unconventionally, they are built inside their respective
- source directories:
-
- make -C src ders/d.en/Programming_in_D.print.pdf
- make -C src ders/d.en/Programming_in_D.pdf
- make -C src ders/d/D_Programlama_Dili.print.pdf
- make -C src ders/d/D_Programlama_Dili.pdf
- etc.
-
-Creating the ebook version:
-
-1) Make the 'ebook' target
-
- make -C src ebook
-
-That will produce a tarball that includes all the files for ebook creation:
-
- ebook_transfer.tar.gz
-
-2) Untar the files where you want to generate the ebooks:
-
- mkdir ebook_gen
- cd ebook_gen
- tar zxvf ebook_transfer.tar.gz
-
- The 'ders' directory contains several ebook sources inside separate
- directories. For example, the complete HTML file and the ebook CSS for
- "Programming in D" is under ders/d.en:
-
- cover_ebook.png
- ebook.css
- ebook_source.d.en.html
-
-3) One of the untarred files is README.ebook. Please continue with the
-instructions that are in that file.
diff --git a/ddili/calibre_config_dir/conversion/azw3_output.py b/ddili/calibre_config_dir/conversion/azw3_output.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 010f1cd..0000000
--- a/ddili/calibre_config_dir/conversion/azw3_output.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,8 +0,0 @@
-{
- 'prefer_author_sort' : False,
- 'no_inline_toc' : False,
- 'dont_compress' : False,
- 'share_not_sync' : False,
- 'mobi_toc_at_start' : False,
- 'toc_title' : None,
-}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/ddili/calibre_config_dir/conversion/comic_input.py b/ddili/calibre_config_dir/conversion/comic_input.py
deleted file mode 100644
index e69de29..0000000
diff --git a/ddili/calibre_config_dir/conversion/debug.py b/ddili/calibre_config_dir/conversion/debug.py
deleted file mode 100644
index e69de29..0000000
diff --git a/ddili/calibre_config_dir/conversion/docx_input.py b/ddili/calibre_config_dir/conversion/docx_input.py
deleted file mode 100644
index e69de29..0000000
diff --git a/ddili/calibre_config_dir/conversion/docx_output.py b/ddili/calibre_config_dir/conversion/docx_output.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 263a3c4..0000000
--- a/ddili/calibre_config_dir/conversion/docx_output.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,6 +0,0 @@
-{
- 'docx_custom_page_size' : None,
- 'docx_page_size' : u'letter',
- 'docx_no_cover' : False,
- 'docx_no_toc' : False,
-}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/ddili/calibre_config_dir/conversion/epub_output.py b/ddili/calibre_config_dir/conversion/epub_output.py
deleted file mode 100644
index a867804..0000000
--- a/ddili/calibre_config_dir/conversion/epub_output.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,11 +0,0 @@
-{
- 'epub_inline_toc' : False,
- 'dont_split_on_page_breaks' : True,
- 'flow_size' : 260,
- 'no_default_epub_cover' : True,
- 'epub_flatten' : False,
- 'no_svg_cover' : True,
- 'toc_title' : None,
- 'epub_toc_at_end' : True,
- 'preserve_cover_aspect_ratio' : False,
-}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/ddili/calibre_config_dir/conversion/fb2_input.py b/ddili/calibre_config_dir/conversion/fb2_input.py
deleted file mode 100644
index e69de29..0000000
diff --git a/ddili/calibre_config_dir/conversion/fb2_output.py b/ddili/calibre_config_dir/conversion/fb2_output.py
deleted file mode 100644
index f1d11a0..0000000
--- a/ddili/calibre_config_dir/conversion/fb2_output.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,4 +0,0 @@
-{
- 'sectionize' : u'files',
- 'fb2_genre' : u'antique',
-}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/ddili/calibre_config_dir/conversion/heuristics.py b/ddili/calibre_config_dir/conversion/heuristics.py
deleted file mode 100644
index e5ff0fe..0000000
--- a/ddili/calibre_config_dir/conversion/heuristics.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,13 +0,0 @@
-{
- 'fix_indents' : True,
- 'replace_scene_breaks' : u'',
- 'renumber_headings' : True,
- 'dehyphenate' : True,
- 'html_unwrap_factor' : 0.4,
- 'unwrap_lines' : True,
- 'format_scene_breaks' : True,
- 'markup_chapter_headings' : True,
- 'italicize_common_cases' : True,
- 'enable_heuristics' : False,
- 'delete_blank_paragraphs' : True,
-}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/ddili/calibre_config_dir/conversion/htmlz_output.py b/ddili/calibre_config_dir/conversion/htmlz_output.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 102d4d1..0000000
--- a/ddili/calibre_config_dir/conversion/htmlz_output.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
-{
- 'htmlz_title_filename' : False,
- 'htmlz_class_style' : u'external',
- 'htmlz_css_type' : u'class',
-}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/ddili/calibre_config_dir/conversion/look_and_feel.py b/ddili/calibre_config_dir/conversion/look_and_feel.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 0f5e497..0000000
--- a/ddili/calibre_config_dir/conversion/look_and_feel.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,24 +0,0 @@
-{
- 'unsmarten_punctuation' : False,
- 'extra_css' : u'/home/ali/ebook_gen/ders/d.en/ebook.css',
- 'input_encoding' : None,
- 'insert_blank_line' : False,
- 'linearize_tables' : False,
- 'smarten_punctuation' : False,
- 'change_justification' : u'left',
- 'minimum_line_height' : 120.0,
- 'embed_font_family' : None,
- 'filter_css' : u'',
- 'insert_blank_line_size' : 0.5,
- 'expand_css' : False,
- 'line_height' : 0.0,
- 'font_size_mapping' : None,
- 'subset_embedded_fonts' : False,
- 'asciiize' : False,
- 'keep_ligatures' : False,
- 'base_font_size' : 0.0,
- 'remove_paragraph_spacing' : False,
- 'remove_paragraph_spacing_indent_size' : 1.5,
- 'disable_font_rescaling' : False,
- 'embed_all_fonts' : True,
-}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/ddili/calibre_config_dir/conversion/lrf_output.py b/ddili/calibre_config_dir/conversion/lrf_output.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 040504b..0000000
--- a/ddili/calibre_config_dir/conversion/lrf_output.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,13 +0,0 @@
-{
- 'header_format' : u'%t by %a',
- 'sans_family' : None,
- 'wordspace' : 2.5,
- 'serif_family' : None,
- 'mono_family' : None,
- 'render_tables_as_images' : False,
- 'minimum_indent' : 0.0,
- 'header_separation' : 0.0,
- 'text_size_multiplier_for_rendered_tables' : 1.0,
- 'header' : False,
- 'autorotation' : False,
-}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/ddili/calibre_config_dir/conversion/metadata.py b/ddili/calibre_config_dir/conversion/metadata.py
deleted file mode 100644
index e69de29..0000000
diff --git a/ddili/calibre_config_dir/conversion/mobi_output.py b/ddili/calibre_config_dir/conversion/mobi_output.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 43866c3..0000000
--- a/ddili/calibre_config_dir/conversion/mobi_output.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,12 +0,0 @@
-{
- 'prefer_author_sort' : False,
- 'personal_doc' : u'[PDOC]',
- 'dont_compress' : False,
- 'mobi_keep_original_images' : False,
- 'no_inline_toc' : False,
- 'share_not_sync' : False,
- 'mobi_toc_at_start' : False,
- 'mobi_file_type' : u'old',
- 'toc_title' : None,
- 'mobi_ignore_margins' : False,
-}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/ddili/calibre_config_dir/conversion/page_setup.py b/ddili/calibre_config_dir/conversion/page_setup.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 6078184..0000000
--- a/ddili/calibre_config_dir/conversion/page_setup.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,8 +0,0 @@
-{
- 'margin_bottom' : 5.0,
- 'input_profile' : 'default',
- 'margin_top' : 5.0,
- 'output_profile' : 'default',
- 'margin_right' : 5.0,
- 'margin_left' : 5.0,
-}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/ddili/calibre_config_dir/conversion/pdb_output.py b/ddili/calibre_config_dir/conversion/pdb_output.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 04cbd33..0000000
--- a/ddili/calibre_config_dir/conversion/pdb_output.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
-{
- 'inline_toc' : False,
- 'format' : u'doc',
- 'pdb_output_encoding' : u'cp1252',
-}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/ddili/calibre_config_dir/conversion/pdf_input.py b/ddili/calibre_config_dir/conversion/pdf_input.py
deleted file mode 100644
index e69de29..0000000
diff --git a/ddili/calibre_config_dir/conversion/pdf_output.py b/ddili/calibre_config_dir/conversion/pdf_output.py
deleted file mode 100644
index e352b82..0000000
--- a/ddili/calibre_config_dir/conversion/pdf_output.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,18 +0,0 @@
-{
- 'pdf_serif_family' : u'Liberation Serif',
- 'pdf_header_template' : None,
- 'pdf_sans_family' : u'Liberation Sans',
- 'pdf_add_toc' : False,
- 'pdf_standard_font' : u'serif',
- 'pdf_page_numbers' : False,
- 'custom_size' : u'7x11',
- 'pdf_mono_font_size' : 8,
- 'pdf_default_font_size' : 8,
- 'pdf_footer_template' : None,
- 'override_profile_size' : True,
- 'paper_size' : u'letter',
- 'preserve_cover_aspect_ratio' : False,
- 'toc_title' : None,
- 'pdf_mono_family' : u'Liberation Mono',
- 'unit' : u'inch',
-}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/ddili/calibre_config_dir/conversion/pmlz_output.py b/ddili/calibre_config_dir/conversion/pmlz_output.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 55cefb3..0000000
--- a/ddili/calibre_config_dir/conversion/pmlz_output.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
-{
- 'inline_toc' : False,
- 'pml_output_encoding' : u'cp1252',
- 'full_image_depth' : False,
-}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/ddili/calibre_config_dir/conversion/rb_output.py b/ddili/calibre_config_dir/conversion/rb_output.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 12f02eb..0000000
--- a/ddili/calibre_config_dir/conversion/rb_output.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
-{
- 'inline_toc' : False,
-}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/ddili/calibre_config_dir/conversion/rtf_input.py b/ddili/calibre_config_dir/conversion/rtf_input.py
deleted file mode 100644
index e69de29..0000000
diff --git a/ddili/calibre_config_dir/conversion/search_and_replace.py b/ddili/calibre_config_dir/conversion/search_and_replace.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 2f491be..0000000
--- a/ddili/calibre_config_dir/conversion/search_and_replace.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,9 +0,0 @@
-{
- 'sr3_search' : None,
- 'sr3_replace' : None,
- 'sr2_search' : None,
- 'sr1_search' : None,
- 'search_replace' : '[]',
- 'sr1_replace' : None,
- 'sr2_replace' : None,
-}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/ddili/calibre_config_dir/conversion/snb_output.py b/ddili/calibre_config_dir/conversion/snb_output.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 8239125..0000000
--- a/ddili/calibre_config_dir/conversion/snb_output.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,6 +0,0 @@
-{
- 'snb_full_screen' : False,
- 'snb_hide_chapter_name' : False,
- 'snb_dont_indent_first_line' : False,
- 'snb_insert_empty_line' : False,
-}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/ddili/calibre_config_dir/conversion/structure_detection.py b/ddili/calibre_config_dir/conversion/structure_detection.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 37efc7e..0000000
--- a/ddili/calibre_config_dir/conversion/structure_detection.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,9 +0,0 @@
-{
- 'chapter' : u"//*[((name()='h1' or name()='h2' or name()='h4') and re:test(., '\\s*((chapter|book|section|part)\\s+)|((prolog|prologue|epilogue)(\\s+|$))', 'i')) or @class = 'chapter']",
- 'remove_first_image' : False,
- 'insert_metadata' : False,
- 'chapter_mark' : u'pagebreak',
- 'remove_fake_margins' : True,
- 'start_reading_at' : None,
- 'page_breaks_before' : u"//*[name()='h1' or name()='h2' or name()='h4']",
-}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/ddili/calibre_config_dir/conversion/toc.py b/ddili/calibre_config_dir/conversion/toc.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 97d2cc9..0000000
--- a/ddili/calibre_config_dir/conversion/toc.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,11 +0,0 @@
-{
- 'level1_toc' : u'//h:h4',
- 'level3_toc' : None,
- 'max_toc_links' : 50,
- 'toc_threshold' : 6,
- 'level2_toc' : u'//h:h5',
- 'duplicate_links_in_toc' : False,
- 'use_auto_toc' : False,
- 'no_chapters_in_toc' : False,
- 'toc_filter' : None,
-}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/ddili/calibre_config_dir/conversion/txt_input.py b/ddili/calibre_config_dir/conversion/txt_input.py
deleted file mode 100644
index e69de29..0000000
diff --git a/ddili/calibre_config_dir/conversion/txt_output.py b/ddili/calibre_config_dir/conversion/txt_output.py
deleted file mode 100644
index b0420aa..0000000
--- a/ddili/calibre_config_dir/conversion/txt_output.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,11 +0,0 @@
-{
- 'txt_output_encoding' : u'utf-8',
- 'keep_color' : False,
- 'keep_image_references' : False,
- 'inline_toc' : False,
- 'keep_links' : False,
- 'txt_output_formatting' : u'plain',
- 'force_max_line_length' : False,
- 'newline' : u'system',
- 'max_line_length' : 0,
-}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/ddili/calibre_config_dir/conversion/txtz_output.py b/ddili/calibre_config_dir/conversion/txtz_output.py
deleted file mode 100644
index b0420aa..0000000
--- a/ddili/calibre_config_dir/conversion/txtz_output.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,11 +0,0 @@
-{
- 'txt_output_encoding' : u'utf-8',
- 'keep_color' : False,
- 'keep_image_references' : False,
- 'inline_toc' : False,
- 'keep_links' : False,
- 'txt_output_formatting' : u'plain',
- 'force_max_line_length' : False,
- 'newline' : u'system',
- 'max_line_length' : 0,
-}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/ddili/calibre_config_dir/dynamic.pickle b/ddili/calibre_config_dir/dynamic.pickle
deleted file mode 100644
index ef646c6..0000000
Binary files a/ddili/calibre_config_dir/dynamic.pickle and /dev/null differ
diff --git a/ddili/calibre_config_dir/fonts/scanner_cache.json b/ddili/calibre_config_dir/fonts/scanner_cache.json
deleted file mode 100644
index 71eb188..0000000
--- a/ddili/calibre_config_dir/fonts/scanner_cache.json
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,2777 +0,0 @@
-{
- "version": 1,
- "fonts": {
- "/usr/share/fonts/truetype/liberation/LiberationMono-BoldItalic.ttf||118264:1342127574.0": {
- "is_otf": false,
- "is_wws": false,
- "is_regular": false,
- "font-stretch": "normal",
- "panose": [
- 2,
- 7,
- 7,
- 9,
- 2,
- 2,
- 5,
- 9,
- 4,
- 4
- ],
- "font-weight": "bold",
- "is_oblique": false,
- "width": 5,
- "path": "/usr/share/fonts/truetype/liberation/LiberationMono-BoldItalic.ttf",
- "preferred_subfamily_name": null,
- "family_name": "Liberation Mono",
- "subfamily_name": "Bold Italic",
- "is_bold": true,
- "os2_version": 3,
- "is_italic": true,
- "preferred_family_name": null,
- "fs_type": 8,
- "wws_subfamily_name": null,
- "font-style": "italic",
- "weight": 700,
- "wws_family_name": null,
- "full_name": "Liberation Mono Bold Italic",
- "font-family": "Liberation Mono"
- },
- "/usr/share/fonts/truetype/ttf-dejavu/DejaVuSansMono-Bold.ttf||313856:1298817441.0": {
- "is_otf": false,
- "is_wws": false,
- "is_regular": false,
- "font-stretch": "normal",
- "panose": [
- 2,
- 11,
- 7,
- 9,
- 3,
- 6,
- 4,
- 2,
- 2,
- 4
- ],
- "font-weight": "bold",
- "is_oblique": false,
- "width": 5,
- "path": "/usr/share/fonts/truetype/ttf-dejavu/DejaVuSansMono-Bold.ttf",
- "preferred_subfamily_name": null,
- "family_name": "DejaVu Sans Mono",
- "subfamily_name": "Bold",
- "is_bold": true,
- "os2_version": 1,
- "is_italic": false,
- "preferred_family_name": null,
- "fs_type": 0,
- "wws_subfamily_name": null,
- "font-style": "normal",
- "weight": 700,
- "wws_family_name": null,
- "full_name": "DejaVu Sans Mono Bold",
- "font-family": "DejaVu Sans Mono"
- },
- "/usr/share/fonts/truetype/liberation/LiberationMono-Regular.ttf||108140:1342127575.0": {
- "is_otf": false,
- "is_wws": false,
- "is_regular": true,
- "font-stretch": "normal",
- "panose": [
- 2,
- 7,
- 4,
- 9,
- 2,
- 2,
- 5,
- 2,
- 4,
- 4
- ],
- "font-weight": "normal",
- "is_oblique": false,
- "width": 5,
- "path": "/usr/share/fonts/truetype/liberation/LiberationMono-Regular.ttf",
- "preferred_subfamily_name": null,
- "family_name": "Liberation Mono",
- "subfamily_name": "Regular",
- "is_bold": false,
- "os2_version": 3,
- "is_italic": false,
- "preferred_family_name": null,
- "fs_type": 8,
- "wws_subfamily_name": null,
- "font-style": "normal",
- "weight": 400,
- "wws_family_name": null,
- "full_name": "Liberation Mono",
- "font-family": "Liberation Mono"
- },
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- "font-style": "normal",
- "weight": 700,
- "wws_family_name": null,
- "full_name": "Liberation Mono Bold",
- "font-family": "Liberation Mono"
- },
- "/usr/share/fonts/truetype/ubuntu-font-family/Ubuntu-R.ttf||353824:1316703436.0": {
- "is_otf": false,
- "is_wws": false,
- "is_regular": true,
- "font-stretch": "normal",
- "panose": [
- 2,
- 11,
- 5,
- 4,
- 3,
- 6,
- 2,
- 3,
- 2,
- 4
- ],
- "font-weight": "normal",
- "is_oblique": false,
- "width": 5,
- "path": "/usr/share/fonts/truetype/ubuntu-font-family/Ubuntu-R.ttf",
- "preferred_subfamily_name": null,
- "family_name": "Ubuntu",
- "subfamily_name": "Regular",
- "is_bold": false,
- "os2_version": 3,
- "is_italic": false,
- "preferred_family_name": null,
- "fs_type": 0,
- "wws_subfamily_name": null,
- "font-style": "normal",
- "weight": 400,
- "wws_family_name": null,
- "full_name": "Ubuntu",
- "font-family": "Ubuntu"
- },
- "/opt/calibre/resources/fonts/liberation/LiberationSans-Italic.ttf||357416:1369721134.0": {
- "is_otf": false,
- "is_wws": false,
- "is_regular": false,
- "font-stretch": "normal",
- "panose": [
- 2,
- 11,
- 6,
- 4,
- 2,
- 2,
- 2,
- 9,
- 2,
- 4
- ],
- "font-weight": "normal",
- "is_oblique": false,
- "width": 5,
- "path": "/opt/calibre/resources/fonts/liberation/LiberationSans-Italic.ttf",
- "preferred_subfamily_name": null,
- "family_name": "Liberation Sans",
- "subfamily_name": "Italic",
- "is_bold": false,
- "os2_version": 3,
- "is_italic": true,
- "preferred_family_name": null,
- "fs_type": 0,
- "wws_subfamily_name": null,
- "font-style": "italic",
- "weight": 400,
- "wws_family_name": null,
- "full_name": "Liberation Sans Italic",
- "font-family": "Liberation Sans"
- },
- "/usr/share/fonts/truetype/ttf-dejavu/DejaVuSans.ttf||720856:1334043650.0": {
- "is_otf": false,
- "is_wws": false,
- "is_regular": true,
- "font-stretch": "normal",
- "panose": [
- 2,
- 11,
- 6,
- 3,
- 3,
- 8,
- 4,
- 2,
- 2,
- 4
- ],
- "font-weight": "normal",
- "is_oblique": false,
- "width": 5,
- "path": "/usr/share/fonts/truetype/ttf-dejavu/DejaVuSans.ttf",
- "preferred_subfamily_name": "Book",
- "family_name": "DejaVu Sans",
- "subfamily_name": "Book",
- "is_bold": false,
- "os2_version": 1,
- "is_italic": false,
- "preferred_family_name": "DejaVu Sans",
- "fs_type": 0,
- "wws_subfamily_name": null,
- "font-style": "normal",
- "weight": 400,
- "wws_family_name": null,
- "full_name": "DejaVu Sans",
- "font-family": "DejaVu Sans"
- },
- "/opt/calibre/resources/fonts/liberation/LiberationSans-BoldItalic.ttf||351672:1369721134.0": {
- "is_otf": false,
- "is_wws": false,
- "is_regular": false,
- "font-stretch": "normal",
- "panose": [
- 2,
- 11,
- 7,
- 4,
- 2,
- 2,
- 2,
- 9,
- 2,
- 4
- ],
- "font-weight": "bold",
- "is_oblique": false,
- "width": 5,
- "path": "/opt/calibre/resources/fonts/liberation/LiberationSans-BoldItalic.ttf",
- "preferred_subfamily_name": null,
- "family_name": "Liberation Sans",
- "subfamily_name": "Bold Italic",
- "is_bold": true,
- "os2_version": 3,
- "is_italic": true,
- "preferred_family_name": null,
- "fs_type": 0,
- "wws_subfamily_name": null,
- "font-style": "italic",
- "weight": 700,
- "wws_family_name": null,
- "full_name": "Liberation Sans Bold Italic",
- "font-family": "Liberation Sans"
- },
- "/usr/share/fonts/truetype/ubuntu-font-family/Ubuntu-L.ttf||415552:1316703712.0": {
- "is_otf": false,
- "is_wws": false,
- "is_regular": true,
- "font-stretch": "normal",
- "panose": [
- 2,
- 11,
- 3,
- 4,
- 3,
- 6,
- 2,
- 3,
- 2,
- 4
- ],
- "font-weight": "300",
- "is_oblique": false,
- "width": 5,
- "path": "/usr/share/fonts/truetype/ubuntu-font-family/Ubuntu-L.ttf",
- "preferred_subfamily_name": "Light",
- "family_name": "Ubuntu Light",
- "subfamily_name": "Regular",
- "is_bold": false,
- "os2_version": 3,
- "is_italic": false,
- "preferred_family_name": "Ubuntu",
- "fs_type": 0,
- "wws_subfamily_name": null,
- "font-style": "normal",
- "weight": 300,
- "wws_family_name": null,
- "full_name": "Ubuntu Light",
- "font-family": "Ubuntu"
- },
- "/usr/share/fonts/truetype/liberation/LiberationSerif-BoldItalic.ttf||150396:1342127576.0": {
- "is_otf": false,
- "is_wws": false,
- "is_regular": false,
- "font-stretch": "normal",
- "panose": [
- 2,
- 2,
- 7,
- 3,
- 6,
- 5,
- 5,
- 9,
- 3,
- 4
- ],
- "font-weight": "bold",
- "is_oblique": false,
- "width": 5,
- "path": "/usr/share/fonts/truetype/liberation/LiberationSerif-BoldItalic.ttf",
- "preferred_subfamily_name": null,
- "family_name": "Liberation Serif",
- "subfamily_name": "Bold Italic",
- "is_bold": true,
- "os2_version": 3,
- "is_italic": true,
- "preferred_family_name": null,
- "fs_type": 8,
- "wws_subfamily_name": null,
- "font-style": "italic",
- "weight": 700,
- "wws_family_name": null,
- "full_name": "Liberation Serif Bold Italic",
- "font-family": "Liberation Serif"
- },
- "/usr/share/fonts/truetype/ttf-dejavu/DejaVuSans-BoldOblique.ttf||611212:1298817440.0": {
- "is_otf": false,
- "is_wws": false,
- "is_regular": false,
- "font-stretch": "normal",
- "panose": [
- 2,
- 11,
- 8,
- 3,
- 3,
- 3,
- 4,
- 11,
- 2,
- 4
- ],
- "font-weight": "bold",
- "is_oblique": false,
- "width": 5,
- "path": "/usr/share/fonts/truetype/ttf-dejavu/DejaVuSans-BoldOblique.ttf",
- "preferred_subfamily_name": "Bold Oblique",
- "family_name": "DejaVu Sans",
- "subfamily_name": "Bold Oblique",
- "is_bold": true,
- "os2_version": 1,
- "is_italic": true,
- "preferred_family_name": "DejaVu Sans",
- "fs_type": 0,
- "wws_subfamily_name": null,
- "font-style": "italic",
- "weight": 700,
- "wws_family_name": null,
- "full_name": "DejaVu Sans Bold Oblique",
- "font-family": "DejaVu Sans"
- },
- "/usr/share/fonts/truetype/ttf-dejavu/DejaVuSerif-Italic.ttf||338776:1298817441.0": {
- "is_otf": false,
- "is_wws": false,
- "is_regular": false,
- "font-stretch": "normal",
- "panose": [
- 2,
- 6,
- 6,
- 3,
- 5,
- 3,
- 5,
- 11,
- 2,
- 4
- ],
- "font-weight": "normal",
- "is_oblique": false,
- "width": 5,
- "path": "/usr/share/fonts/truetype/ttf-dejavu/DejaVuSerif-Italic.ttf",
- "preferred_subfamily_name": "Italic",
- "family_name": "DejaVu Serif",
- "subfamily_name": "Italic",
- "is_bold": false,
- "os2_version": 1,
- "is_italic": true,
- "preferred_family_name": "DejaVu Serif",
- "fs_type": 0,
- "wws_subfamily_name": null,
- "font-style": "italic",
- "weight": 400,
- "wws_family_name": null,
- "full_name": "DejaVu Serif Italic",
- "font-family": "DejaVu Serif"
- },
- "/usr/share/fonts/truetype/nanum/NanumMyeongjoBold.ttf||4638736:1296594996.0": {
- "is_otf": false,
- "is_wws": false,
- "is_regular": true,
- "font-stretch": "normal",
- "panose": [
- 2,
- 2,
- 6,
- 3,
- 2,
- 1,
- 1,
- 2,
- 1,
- 1
- ],
- "font-weight": "600",
- "is_oblique": false,
- "width": 5,
- "path": "/usr/share/fonts/truetype/nanum/NanumMyeongjoBold.ttf",
- "preferred_subfamily_name": "Bold",
- "family_name": "NanumMyeongjo",
- "subfamily_name": "Bold",
- "is_bold": false,
- "os2_version": 3,
- "is_italic": false,
- "preferred_family_name": "NanumMyeongjo",
- "fs_type": 8,
- "wws_subfamily_name": null,
- "font-style": "normal",
- "weight": 600,
- "wws_family_name": null,
- "full_name": "NanumMyeongjoBold",
- "font-family": "NanumMyeongjo"
- },
- "/usr/share/fonts/truetype/ttf-dejavu/DejaVuSansMono.ttf||333636:1298817441.0": {
- "is_otf": false,
- "is_wws": false,
- "is_regular": true,
- "font-stretch": "normal",
- "panose": [
- 2,
- 11,
- 6,
- 9,
- 3,
- 8,
- 4,
- 2,
- 2,
- 4
- ],
- "font-weight": "normal",
- "is_oblique": false,
- "width": 5,
- "path": "/usr/share/fonts/truetype/ttf-dejavu/DejaVuSansMono.ttf",
- "preferred_subfamily_name": null,
- "family_name": "DejaVu Sans Mono",
- "subfamily_name": "Book",
- "is_bold": false,
- "os2_version": 1,
- "is_italic": false,
- "preferred_family_name": null,
- "fs_type": 0,
- "wws_subfamily_name": null,
- "font-style": "normal",
- "weight": 400,
- "wws_family_name": null,
- "full_name": "DejaVu Sans Mono",
- "font-family": "DejaVu Sans Mono"
- },
- "/usr/share/fonts/truetype/liberation/LiberationSans-Italic.ttf||161520:1342127575.0": {
- "is_otf": false,
- "is_wws": false,
- "is_regular": false,
- "font-stretch": "normal",
- "panose": [
- 2,
- 11,
- 6,
- 4,
- 2,
- 2,
- 2,
- 9,
- 2,
- 4
- ],
- "font-weight": "normal",
- "is_oblique": false,
- "width": 5,
- "path": "/usr/share/fonts/truetype/liberation/LiberationSans-Italic.ttf",
- "preferred_subfamily_name": null,
- "family_name": "Liberation Sans",
- "subfamily_name": "Italic",
- "is_bold": false,
- "os2_version": 3,
- "is_italic": true,
- "preferred_family_name": null,
- "fs_type": 8,
- "wws_subfamily_name": null,
- "font-style": "italic",
- "weight": 400,
- "wws_family_name": null,
- "full_name": "Liberation Sans Italic",
- "font-family": "Liberation Sans"
- }
- }
-}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/ddili/calibre_config_dir/global.py b/ddili/calibre_config_dir/global.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 394f7b1..0000000
--- a/ddili/calibre_config_dir/global.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,98 +0,0 @@
-# calibre wide preferences
-
-### Begin group: DEFAULT
-
-# database path
-# Path to the database in which books are stored
-database_path = '/home/ali/library1.db'
-
-# filename pattern
-# Pattern to guess metadata from filenames
-filename_pattern = u'(?P.+) - (?P<author>[^_]+)'
-
-# isbndb com key
-# Access key for isbndb.com
-isbndb_com_key = ''
-
-# network timeout
-# Default timeout for network operations (seconds)
-network_timeout = 5
-
-# library path
-# Path to directory in which your library of books is stored
-library_path = u'/home/ali/calibre_library'
-
-# language
-# The language in which to display the user interface
-language = 'en'
-
-# output format
-# The default output format for ebook conversions.
-output_format = 'epub'
-
-# input format order
-# Ordered list of formats to prefer for input.
-input_format_order = cPickle.loads('\x80\x02]q\x01(U\x04EPUBq\x02U\x04AZW3q\x03U\x04MOBIq\x04U\x03LITq\x05U\x03PRCq\x06U\x03FB2q\x07U\x04HTMLq\x08U\x03HTMq\tU\x04XHTMq\nU\x05SHTMLq\x0bU\x05XHTMLq\x0cU\x03ZIPq\rU\x03ODTq\x0eU\x03RTFq\x0fU\x03PDFq\x10U\x03TXTq\x11e.')
-
-# read file metadata
-# Read metadata from files
-read_file_metadata = True
-
-# worker process priority
-# The priority of worker processes. A higher priority means they run faster and consume more resources. Most tasks like conversion/news download/adding books/etc. are affected by this setting.
-worker_process_priority = 'normal'
-
-# swap author names
-# Swap author first and last names when reading metadata
-swap_author_names = False
-
-# add formats to existing
-# Add new formats to existing book records
-add_formats_to_existing = False
-
-# check for dupes on ctl
-# Check for duplicates when copying to another library
-check_for_dupes_on_ctl = False
-
-# installation uuid
-# Installation UUID
-installation_uuid = '7dcf582b-aabe-4a6c-a08a-bc595d7b6163'
-
-# new book tags
-# Tags to apply to books added to the library
-new_book_tags = cPickle.loads('\x80\x02]q\x01.')
-
-# mark new books
-# Mark newly added books. The mark is a temporary mark that is automatically removed when calibre is restarted.
-mark_new_books = False
-
-# saved searches
-# List of named saved searches
-saved_searches = cPickle.loads('\x80\x02}q\x01.')
-
-# user categories
-# User-created tag browser categories
-user_categories = cPickle.loads('\x80\x02}q\x01.')
-
-# manage device metadata
-# How and when calibre updates metadata on the device.
-manage_device_metadata = 'manual'
-
-# limit search columns
-# When searching for text without using lookup prefixes, as for example, Red instead of title:Red, limit the columns searched to those named below.
-limit_search_columns = False
-
-# limit search columns to
-# Choose columns to be searched when not using prefixes, as for example, when searching for Red instead of title:Red. Enter a list of search/lookup names separated by commas. Only takes effect if you set the option to limit search columns above.
-limit_search_columns_to = cPickle.loads('\x80\x02]q\x01(U\x05titleq\x02U\x07authorsq\x03U\x04tagsq\x04U\x06seriesq\x05U\tpublisherq\x06e.')
-
-# use primary find in search
-# Characters typed in the search box will match their accented versions, based on the language you have chosen for the calibre interface. For example, in English, searching for n will match ñ and n, but if your language is Spanish it will only match n. Note that this is much slower than a simple search on very large libraries.
-use_primary_find_in_search = True
-
-# migrated
-# For Internal use. Don't modify.
-migrated = False
-
-
-
diff --git a/ddili/calibre_config_dir/gui.json b/ddili/calibre_config_dir/gui.json
deleted file mode 100644
index f2cdfd2..0000000
--- a/ddili/calibre_config_dir/gui.json
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,261 +0,0 @@
-{
- "custom_colors_for_color_dialog": [
- [
- 255,
- 255,
- 255,
- 255
- ],
- [
- 255,
- 255,
- 255,
- 255
- ],
- [
- 255,
- 255,
- 255,
- 255
- ],
- [
- 255,
- 255,
- 255,
- 255
- ],
- [
- 255,
- 255,
- 255,
- 255
- ],
- [
- 255,
- 255,
- 255,
- 255
- ],
- [
- 255,
- 255,
- 255,
- 255
- ],
- [
- 255,
- 255,
- 255,
- 255
- ],
- [
- 255,
- 255,
- 255,
- 255
- ],
- [
- 255,
- 255,
- 255,
- 255
- ],
- [
- 255,
- 255,
- 255,
- 255
- ],
- [
- 255,
- 255,
- 255,
- 255
- ],
- [
- 255,
- 255,
- 255,
- 255
- ],
- [
- 255,
- 255,
- 255,
- 255
- ],
- [
- 255,
- 255,
- 255,
- 255
- ],
- [
- 255,
- 255,
- 255,
- 255
- ]
- ],
- "config_widget_dialog_geometry_Sharing_Metadata download": {
- "__class__": "bytearray",
- "__value__": "AdnQywABAAAAAADzAAAAPAAAA+IAAAJ6AAAA9AAAAFAAAAPhAAACdQAAAAAAAA=="
- },
- "toolbar_icon_size": "small",
- "card_a_view books view state": {
- "hidden_columns": [],
- "column_positions": {
- "authors": 2,
- "timestamp": 3,
- "inlibrary": 0,
- "collections": 5,
- "size": 4,
- "title": 1
- },
- "last_modified_injected": true,
- "sort_history": [
- [
- "timestamp",
- false
- ]
- ],
- "column_alignment": {
- "timestamp": "center",
- "size": "center"
- },
- "languages_injected": true,
- "column_sizes": {
- "authors": 97,
- "timestamp": 74,
- "inlibrary": 99,
- "collections": 108,
- "size": 58,
- "title": 60
- }
- },
- "library_usage_stats": {
- "/home/ali/calibre_library": 10
- },
- "cover_grid_texture": null,
- "show_emblems": false,
- "metasingle_window_geometry3": {
- "__class__": "bytearray",
- "__value__": "AdnQywABAAAAAAB7AAAAAAAABFoAAAK2AAAAfAAAABQAAARZAAACsQAAAAAAAA=="
- },
- "card_b_view books view state": {
- "hidden_columns": [],
- "column_positions": {
- "authors": 2,
- "timestamp": 3,
- "inlibrary": 0,
- "collections": 5,
- "size": 4,
- "title": 1
- },
- "last_modified_injected": true,
- "sort_history": [
- [
- "timestamp",
- false
- ]
- ],
- "column_alignment": {
- "timestamp": "center",
- "size": "center"
- },
- "languages_injected": true,
- "column_sizes": {
- "authors": 97,
- "timestamp": 74,
- "inlibrary": 99,
- "collections": 108,
- "size": 58,
- "title": 60
- }
- },
- "jobs view column layout3": {
- "__class__": "bytearray",
- "__value__": "AAAA/wAAAAAAAAABAAAAAQAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAkQAAAAFAQEBAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAGT/////AAAAhAAAAAAAAAAFAAAAsgAAAAEAAAAAAAAAZgAAAAEAAAAAAAAAZAAAAAEAAAAAAAAAZAAAAAEAAAAAAAAAZAAAAAEAAAAAAAAD6A=="
- },
- "replace_scene_breaks_history": [
- "",
- "<hr />",
- "\u2217 \u2217 \u2217",
- "\u2022 \u2022 \u2022",
- "\u2666 \u2666 \u2666",
- "\u2020 \u2020",
- "\u2021 \u2021 \u2021",
- "\u221e \u221e \u221e",
- "\u00a4 \u00a4 \u00a4"
- ],
- "book_details_splitter_horizontal_state": [
- true,
- 200
- ],
- "cover_browser_splitter_vertical_state": [
- false,
- 300
- ],
- "convert_single_dialog_geom": {
- "__class__": "bytearray",
- "__value__": "AdnQywACAAAAAABKAAAAAAAABI8AAALSAAAASwAAABQAAASOAAACzQAAAAAAAAAABN4="
- },
- "preferences dialog geometry": {
- "__class__": "bytearray",
- "__value__": "AdnQywACAAAAAAAcAAAAAAAAA78AAALTAAAAHQAAABQAAAO+AAACzgAAAAAAAAAABN4="
- },
- "cover_grid_color": [
- 80,
- 80,
- 80
- ],
- "memory_view books view state": {
- "hidden_columns": [],
- "column_positions": {
- "authors": 2,
- "timestamp": 3,
- "inlibrary": 0,
- "collections": 5,
- "size": 4,
- "title": 1
- },
- "last_modified_injected": true,
- "sort_history": [
- [
- "timestamp",
- false
- ]
- ],
- "column_alignment": {
- "timestamp": "center",
- "size": "center"
- },
- "languages_injected": true,
- "column_sizes": {
- "authors": 97,
- "timestamp": 74,
- "inlibrary": 99,
- "collections": 108,
- "size": 58,
- "title": 60
- }
- },
- "preferences_window_geometry": {
- "__class__": "bytearray",
- "__value__": "AdnQywABAAD////f////5gAABAAAAAJ3////4P////oAAAP/AAACcgAAAAAAAA=="
- },
- "grid view visible": false,
- "jobs_dialog_geometry": {
- "__class__": "bytearray",
- "__value__": "AdnQywACAAAAAACwAAAAPgAAAyoAAAJ0AAAAsQAAAFIAAAMpAAACbwAAAAAAAAAABN4="
- },
- "duplicates-question-dialog-geometry": {
- "__class__": "bytearray",
- "__value__": "AdnQywACAAAAAADoAAAAigAAAwcAAAIdAAAA6QAAAJ4AAAMGAAACGAAAAAAAAAAABN4="
- },
- "tag_browser_splitter_horizontal_state": [
- true,
- 200
- ],
- "quick_start_guide_added": true
-}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/ddili/calibre_config_dir/gui.py b/ddili/calibre_config_dir/gui.py
deleted file mode 100644
index ebf16a1..0000000
--- a/ddili/calibre_config_dir/gui.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,178 +0,0 @@
-# preferences for the calibre GUI
-
-### Begin group: DEFAULT
-
-# send to storage card by default
-# Send file to storage card instead of main memory by default
-send_to_storage_card_by_default = False
-
-# confirm delete
-# Confirm before deleting
-confirm_delete = False
-
-# main window geometry
-# Main window geometry
-main_window_geometry = cPickle.loads('\x80\x02csip\n_unpickle_type\nq\x01U\x0cPyQt5.QtCoreq\x02U\nQByteArrayU2\x01\xd9\xd0\xcb\x00\x02\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00=\xff\xff\xff\xec\x00\x00\x04\x10\x00\x00\x02\x8b\x00\x00\x00>\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x04\x0f\x00\x00\x02\x86\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x04\xde\x85\x87Rq\x03.')
-
-# new version notification
-# Notify when a new version is available
-new_version_notification = True
-
-# use roman numerals for series number
-# Use Roman numerals for series number
-use_roman_numerals_for_series_number = True
-
-# sort tags by
-# Sort tags list by name, popularity, or rating
-sort_tags_by = 'name'
-
-# match tags type
-# Match tags by any or all.
-match_tags_type = 'any'
-
-# cover flow queue length
-# Number of covers to show in the cover browsing mode
-cover_flow_queue_length = 6
-
-# LRF conversion defaults
-# Defaults for conversion to LRF
-LRF_conversion_defaults = cPickle.loads('\x80\x02]q\x01.')
-
-# LRF ebook viewer options
-# Options for the LRF ebook viewer
-LRF_ebook_viewer_options = None
-
-# internally viewed formats
-# Formats that are viewed using the internal viewer
-internally_viewed_formats = cPickle.loads('\x80\x02]q\x01(U\x03LRFq\x02U\x04EPUBq\x03U\x03LITq\x04U\x04MOBIq\x05U\x03PRCq\x06U\x04POBIq\x07U\x03AZWq\x08U\x04AZW3q\tU\x04HTMLq\nU\x03FB2q\x0bU\x03PDBq\x0cU\x02RBq\rU\x03SNBq\x0eU\x05HTMLZq\x0fU\x05KEPUBq\x10e.')
-
-# column map
-# Columns to be displayed in the book list
-column_map = cPickle.loads('\x80\x02]q\x01(U\x05titleq\x02U\x08ondeviceq\x03U\x07authorsq\x04U\x04sizeq\x05U\ttimestampq\x06U\x06ratingq\x07U\tpublisherq\x08U\x04tagsq\tU\x06seriesq\nU\x07pubdateq\x0be.')
-
-# autolaunch server
-# Automatically launch content server on application startup
-autolaunch_server = False
-
-# oldest news
-# Oldest news kept in database
-oldest_news = 60
-
-# systray icon
-# Show system tray icon
-systray_icon = False
-
-# upload news to device
-# Upload downloaded news to device
-upload_news_to_device = True
-
-# delete news from library on upload
-# Delete news books from library after uploading to device
-delete_news_from_library_on_upload = False
-
-# separate cover flow
-# Show the cover flow in a separate window instead of in the main calibre window
-separate_cover_flow = False
-
-# disable tray notification
-# Disable notifications from the system tray icon
-disable_tray_notification = False
-
-# default send to device action
-# Default action to perform when send to device button is clicked
-default_send_to_device_action = 'DeviceAction:main::False:False'
-
-# asked library thing password
-# Asked library thing password at least once.
-asked_library_thing_password = False
-
-# search as you type
-# Start searching as you type. If this is disabled then search will only take place when the Enter or Return key is pressed.
-search_as_you_type = False
-
-# highlight search matches
-# When searching, show all books with search results highlighted instead of showing only the matches. You can use the N or F3 keys to go to the next match.
-highlight_search_matches = False
-
-# save to disk template history
-# Previously used Save to Disk templates
-save_to_disk_template_history = cPickle.loads('\x80\x02]q\x01.')
-
-# send to device template history
-# Previously used Send to Device templates
-send_to_device_template_history = cPickle.loads('\x80\x02]q\x01.')
-
-# main search history
-# Search history for the main GUI
-main_search_history = cPickle.loads('\x80\x02]q\x01.')
-
-# viewer search history
-# Search history for the ebook viewer
-viewer_search_history = cPickle.loads('\x80\x02]q\x01(X\x06\x00\x00\x00fibersq\x02X\x13\x00\x00\x00operator precedenceq\x03X\x05\x00\x00\x00dutchq\x04X\x02\x00\x00\x00%oq\x05X\x11\x00\x00\x00compilation errorq\x06X\x05\x00\x00\x00errorq\x07X\x02\x00\x00\x00||q\x08X\x06\x00\x00\x00ifloatq\tX\x05\x00\x00\x00iflotq\nX\x0c\x00\x00\x00isInputRangeq\x0bX\x06\x00\x00\x00rangesq\x0cX\x0c\x00\x00\x00Assume a Filq\rX\x13\x00\x00\x00logical expressionsq\x0eX\x0f\x00\x00\x00following tableq\x0fe.')
-
-# viewer toc search history
-# Search history for the ToC in the ebook viewer
-viewer_toc_search_history = cPickle.loads('\x80\x02]q\x01(X\x03\x00\x00\x00ackq\x02X\x05\x00\x00\x00erginq\x03X\x08\x00\x00\x00contentsq\x04e.')
-
-# lrf viewer search history
-# Search history for the LRF viewer
-lrf_viewer_search_history = cPickle.loads('\x80\x02]q\x01.')
-
-# scheduler search history
-# Search history for the recipe scheduler
-scheduler_search_history = cPickle.loads('\x80\x02]q\x01.')
-
-# plugin search history
-# Search history for the plugin preferences
-plugin_search_history = cPickle.loads('\x80\x02]q\x01.')
-
-# shortcuts search history
-# Search history for the keyboard preferences
-shortcuts_search_history = cPickle.loads('\x80\x02]q\x01.')
-
-# jobs search history
-# Search history for the tweaks preferences
-jobs_search_history = cPickle.loads('\x80\x02]q\x01.')
-
-# tweaks search history
-# Search history for tweaks
-tweaks_search_history = cPickle.loads('\x80\x02]q\x01.')
-
-# worker limit
-# Maximum number of simultaneous conversion/news download jobs. This number is twice the actual value for historical reasons.
-worker_limit = 6
-
-# get social metadata
-# Download social metadata (tags/rating/etc.)
-get_social_metadata = True
-
-# overwrite author title metadata
-# Overwrite author and title with new metadata
-overwrite_author_title_metadata = True
-
-# auto download cover
-# Automatically download the cover, if available
-auto_download_cover = False
-
-# enforce cpu limit
-# Limit max simultaneous jobs to number of CPUs
-enforce_cpu_limit = True
-
-# gui layout
-# The layout of the user interface. Wide has the book details panel on the right and narrow has it at the bottom.
-gui_layout = 'wide'
-
-# show avg rating
-# Show the average rating per item indication in the tag browser
-show_avg_rating = True
-
-# disable animations
-# Disable UI animations
-disable_animations = False
-
-# tag browser hidden categories
-# tag browser categories not to display
-tag_browser_hidden_categories = cPickle.loads('\x80\x02c__builtin__\nset\nq\x01]\x85Rq\x02.')
-
-
-
diff --git a/ddili/calibre_config_dir/history.plist b/ddili/calibre_config_dir/history.plist
deleted file mode 100644
index b1f85f6..0000000
--- a/ddili/calibre_config_dir/history.plist
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,28 +0,0 @@
-<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
-<!DOCTYPE plist PUBLIC "-//Apple//DTD PLIST 1.0//EN" "http://www.apple.com/DTDs/PropertyList-1.0.dtd">
-<plist version="1.0">
-<dict>
- <key>lineedit_history_regex_edit_sr_search</key>
- <array>
- </array>
- <key>lineedit_history_xpath_edit_opt_chapter</key>
- <array>
- <string>//*[((name()='h1' or name()='h2' or name()='h4') and re:test(., '\s*((chapter|book|section|part)\s+)|((prolog|prologue|epilogue)(\s+|$))', 'i')) or @class = 'chapter']</string>
- </array>
- <key>lineedit_history_xpath_edit_opt_level1_toc</key>
- <array>
- <string>//h:h4</string>
- <string>//h:*h4</string>
- </array>
- <key>lineedit_history_xpath_edit_opt_level2_toc</key>
- <array>
- </array>
- <key>lineedit_history_xpath_edit_opt_page_breaks_before</key>
- <array>
- <string>//*[name()='h1' or name()='h2' or name()='h4']</string>
- </array>
- <key>lineedit_history_xpath_edit_opt_start_reading_at</key>
- <array>
- </array>
-</dict>
-</plist>
diff --git a/ddili/calibre_config_dir/iterator.pickle b/ddili/calibre_config_dir/iterator.pickle
deleted file mode 100644
index c7b2609..0000000
Binary files a/ddili/calibre_config_dir/iterator.pickle and /dev/null differ
diff --git a/ddili/calibre_config_dir/metadata_sources/ISBNDB.json b/ddili/calibre_config_dir/metadata_sources/ISBNDB.json
deleted file mode 100644
index 2787805..0000000
--- a/ddili/calibre_config_dir/metadata_sources/ISBNDB.json
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
-{
- "key_migrated": true
-}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/ddili/calibre_config_dir/tweak_book_gui.json b/ddili/calibre_config_dir/tweak_book_gui.json
deleted file mode 100644
index 2fdeda2..0000000
--- a/ddili/calibre_config_dir/tweak_book_gui.json
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,129 +0,0 @@
-{
- "recent-books": [
- "/home/ali/calibre_library/Ali Cehreli/Programming in D - First Edition (44)/Programming in D - First Edition - Ali Cehreli.epub"
- ],
- "main_window_geometry": {
- "__value__": "AdnQywABAAAAAAArAAAABQAABLwAAAK/AAAALAAAABkAAAS7AAACugAAAAAAAA==",
- "__class__": "bytearray"
- },
- "find-widget-state": {
- "case_sensitive": false,
- "direction": "down",
- "wrap": true,
- "dot_all": false,
- "where": "current",
- "mode": "normal"
- },
- "saved_seaches_state": {
- "direction": "down",
- "wrap": true,
- "where": "current"
- },
- "search-panel-visible": false,
- "check-book-splitter-state": {
- "__value__": "AAAA/wAAAAEAAAAC//////////8AAAAABAEAAAABAA==",
- "__class__": "bytearray"
- },
- "custom_colors_for_color_dialog": [
- [
- 255,
- 255,
- 255,
- 255
- ],
- [
- 255,
- 255,
- 255,
- 255
- ],
- [
- 255,
- 255,
- 255,
- 255
- ],
- [
- 255,
- 255,
- 255,
- 255
- ],
- [
- 255,
- 255,
- 255,
- 255
- ],
- [
- 255,
- 255,
- 255,
- 255
- ],
- [
- 255,
- 255,
- 255,
- 255
- ],
- [
- 255,
- 255,
- 255,
- 255
- ],
- [
- 255,
- 255,
- 255,
- 255
- ],
- [
- 255,
- 255,
- 255,
- 255
- ],
- [
- 255,
- 255,
- 255,
- 255
- ],
- [
- 255,
- 255,
- 255,
- 255
- ],
- [
- 255,
- 255,
- 255,
- 255
- ],
- [
- 255,
- 255,
- 255,
- 255
- ],
- [
- 255,
- 255,
- 255,
- 255
- ],
- [
- 255,
- 255,
- 255,
- 255
- ]
- ],
- "main_window_state": {
- "__value__": "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",
- "__class__": "bytearray"
- }
-}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/ddili/calibre_config_dir/tweaks.py b/ddili/calibre_config_dir/tweaks.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 4b468c3..0000000
--- a/ddili/calibre_config_dir/tweaks.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,566 +0,0 @@
-#!/usr/bin/env python
-# vim:fileencoding=UTF-8:ts=4:sw=4:sta:et:sts=4:ai
-__license__ = 'GPL v3'
-__copyright__ = '2010, Kovid Goyal <kovid@kovidgoyal.net>'
-__docformat__ = 'restructuredtext en'
-
-'''
-Contains various tweaks that affect calibre behavior. Only edit this file if
-you know what you are doing. If you delete this file, it will be recreated from
-defaults.
-'''
-
-#: Auto increment series index
-# The algorithm used to assign a book added to an existing series a series number.
-# New series numbers assigned using this tweak are always integer values, except
-# if a constant non-integer is specified.
-# Possible values are:
-# next - First available integer larger than the largest existing number
-# first_free - First available integer larger than 0
-# next_free - First available integer larger than the smallest existing number
-# last_free - First available integer smaller than the largest existing number
-# Return largest existing + 1 if no free number is found
-# const - Assign the number 1 always
-# no_change - Do not change the series index
-# a number - Assign that number always. The number is not in quotes. Note that
-# 0.0 can be used here.
-# Examples:
-# series_index_auto_increment = 'next'
-# series_index_auto_increment = 'next_free'
-# series_index_auto_increment = 16.5
-#
-# Set the use_series_auto_increment_tweak_when_importing tweak to True to
-# use the above values when importing/adding books. If this tweak is set to
-# False (the default) then the series number will be set to 1 if it is not
-# explicitly set during the import. If set to True, then the
-# series index will be set according to the series_index_auto_increment setting.
-# Note that the use_series_auto_increment_tweak_when_importing tweak is used
-# only when a value is not provided during import. If the importing regular
-# expression produces a value for series_index, or if you are reading metadata
-# from books and the import plugin produces a value, than that value will
-# be used irrespective of the setting of the tweak.
-series_index_auto_increment = 'next'
-use_series_auto_increment_tweak_when_importing = False
-
-#: Add separator after completing an author name
-# Should the completion separator be append
-# to the end of the completed text to
-# automatically begin a new completion operation
-# for authors.
-# Can be either True or False
-authors_completer_append_separator = False
-
-#: Author sort name algorithm
-# The algorithm used to copy author to author_sort
-# Possible values are:
-# invert: use "fn ln" -> "ln, fn"
-# copy : copy author to author_sort without modification
-# comma : use 'copy' if there is a ',' in the name, otherwise use 'invert'
-# nocomma : "fn ln" -> "ln fn" (without the comma)
-# When this tweak is changed, the author_sort values stored with each author
-# must be recomputed by right-clicking on an author in the left-hand tags pane,
-# selecting 'manage authors', and pressing 'Recalculate all author sort values'.
-# The author name suffixes are words that are ignored when they occur at the
-# end of an author name. The case of the suffix is ignored and trailing
-# periods are automatically handled. The same is true for prefixes.
-# The author name copy words are a set of words which if they occur in an
-# author name cause the automatically generated author sort string to be
-# identical to the author name. This means that the sort for a string like Acme
-# Inc. will be Acme Inc. instead of Inc., Acme
-author_sort_copy_method = 'comma'
-author_name_suffixes = ('Jr', 'Sr', 'Inc', 'Ph.D', 'Phd',
- 'MD', 'M.D', 'I', 'II', 'III', 'IV',
- 'Junior', 'Senior')
-author_name_prefixes = ('Mr', 'Mrs', 'Ms', 'Dr', 'Prof')
-author_name_copywords = ('Corporation', 'Company', 'Co.', 'Agency', 'Council',
- 'Committee', 'Inc.', 'Institute', 'Society', 'Club', 'Team')
-
-#: Splitting multiple author names
-# By default, calibre splits a string containing multiple author names on
-# ampersands and the words "and" and "with". You can customize the splitting
-# by changing the regular expression below. Strings are split on whatever the
-# specified regular expression matches, in addition to ampersands.
-# Default: r'(?i),?\s+(and|with)\s+'
-authors_split_regex = r'(?i),?\s+(and|with)\s+'
-
-#: Use author sort in Tag Browser
-# Set which author field to display in the tags pane (the list of authors,
-# series, publishers etc on the left hand side). The choices are author and
-# author_sort. This tweak affects only what is displayed under the authors
-# category in the tags pane and content server. Please note that if you set this
-# to author_sort, it is very possible to see duplicate names in the list because
-# although it is guaranteed that author names are unique, there is no such
-# guarantee for author_sort values. Showing duplicates won't break anything, but
-# it could lead to some confusion. When using 'author_sort', the tooltip will
-# show the author's name.
-# Examples:
-# categories_use_field_for_author_name = 'author'
-# categories_use_field_for_author_name = 'author_sort'
-categories_use_field_for_author_name = 'author'
-
-#: Control partitioning of Tag Browser
-# When partitioning the tags browser, the format of the subcategory label is
-# controlled by a template: categories_collapsed_name_template if sorting by
-# name, categories_collapsed_rating_template if sorting by average rating, and
-# categories_collapsed_popularity_template if sorting by popularity. There are
-# two variables available to the template: first and last. The variable 'first'
-# is the initial item in the subcategory, and the variable 'last' is the final
-# item in the subcategory. Both variables are 'objects'; they each have multiple
-# values that are obtained by using a suffix. For example, first.name for an
-# author category will be the name of the author. The sub-values available are:
-# name: the printable name of the item
-# count: the number of books that references this item
-# avg_rating: the average rating of all the books referencing this item
-# sort: the sort value. For authors, this is the author_sort for that author
-# category: the category (e.g., authors, series) that the item is in.
-# Note that the "r'" in front of the { is necessary if there are backslashes
-# (\ characters) in the template. It doesn't hurt anything to leave it there
-# even if there aren't any backslashes.
-categories_collapsed_name_template = r'{first.sort:shorten(4,,0)} - {last.sort:shorten(4,,0)}'
-categories_collapsed_rating_template = r'{first.avg_rating:4.2f:ifempty(0)} - {last.avg_rating:4.2f:ifempty(0)}'
-categories_collapsed_popularity_template = r'{first.count:d} - {last.count:d}'
-
-#: Control order of categories in the tag browser
-# Change the following dict to change the order that categories are displayed in
-# the tag browser. Items are named using their lookup name, and will be sorted
-# using the number supplied. The lookup name '*' stands for all names that
-# otherwise do not appear. Two names with the same value will be sorted
-# using the default order; the one used when the dict is empty.
-# Example: tag_browser_category_order = {'series':1, 'tags':2, '*':3}
-# resulting in the order series, tags, then everything else in default order.
-tag_browser_category_order = {'*':1}
-
-
-#: Specify columns to sort the booklist by on startup
-# Provide a set of columns to be sorted on when calibre starts
-# The argument is None if saved sort history is to be used
-# otherwise it is a list of column,order pairs. Column is the
-# lookup/search name, found using the tooltip for the column
-# Order is 0 for ascending, 1 for descending
-# For example, set it to [('authors',0),('title',0)] to sort by
-# title within authors.
-sort_columns_at_startup = None
-
-#: Control how dates are displayed
-# Format to be used for publication date and the timestamp (date).
-# A string controlling how the publication date is displayed in the GUI
-# d the day as number without a leading zero (1 to 31)
-# dd the day as number with a leading zero (01 to 31)
-# ddd the abbreviated localized day name (e.g. 'Mon' to 'Sun').
-# dddd the long localized day name (e.g. 'Monday' to 'Sunday').
-# M the month as number without a leading zero (1-12)
-# MM the month as number with a leading zero (01-12)
-# MMM the abbreviated localized month name (e.g. 'Jan' to 'Dec').
-# MMMM the long localized month name (e.g. 'January' to 'December').
-# yy the year as two digit number (00-99)
-# yyyy the year as four digit number
-# h the hours without a leading 0 (0 to 11 or 0 to 23, depending on am/pm) '
-# hh the hours with a leading 0 (00 to 11 or 00 to 23, depending on am/pm) '
-# m the minutes without a leading 0 (0 to 59) '
-# mm the minutes with a leading 0 (00 to 59) '
-# s the seconds without a leading 0 (0 to 59) '
-# ss the seconds with a leading 0 (00 to 59) '
-# ap use a 12-hour clock instead of a 24-hour clock, with "ap"
-# replaced by the localized string for am or pm '
-# AP use a 12-hour clock instead of a 24-hour clock, with "AP"
-# replaced by the localized string for AM or PM '
-# iso the date with time and timezone. Must be the only format present
-# For example, given the date of 9 Jan 2010, the following formats show
-# MMM yyyy ==> Jan 2010 yyyy ==> 2010 dd MMM yyyy ==> 09 Jan 2010
-# MM/yyyy ==> 01/2010 d/M/yy ==> 9/1/10 yy ==> 10
-# publication default if not set: MMM yyyy
-# timestamp default if not set: dd MMM yyyy
-# last_modified_display_format if not set: dd MMM yyyy
-gui_pubdate_display_format = 'MMM yyyy'
-gui_timestamp_display_format = 'dd MMM yyyy'
-gui_last_modified_display_format = 'dd MMM yyyy'
-
-#: Control sorting of titles and series in the library display
-# Control title and series sorting in the library view. If set to
-# 'library_order', the title sort field will be used instead of the title.
-# Unless you have manually edited the title sort field, leading articles such as
-# The and A will be ignored. If set to 'strictly_alphabetic', the titles will be
-# sorted as-is (sort by title instead of title sort). For example, with
-# library_order, The Client will sort under 'C'. With strictly_alphabetic, the
-# book will sort under 'T'.
-# This flag affects Calibre's library display. It has no effect on devices. In
-# addition, titles for books added before changing the flag will retain their
-# order until the title is edited. Double-clicking on a title and hitting return
-# without changing anything is sufficient to change the sort.
-title_series_sorting = 'library_order'
-
-#: Control formatting of title and series when used in templates
-# Control how title and series names are formatted when saving to disk/sending
-# to device. The behavior depends on the field being processed. If processing
-# title, then if this tweak is set to 'library_order', the title will be
-# replaced with title_sort. If it is set to 'strictly_alphabetic', then the
-# title will not be changed. If processing series, then if set to
-# 'library_order', articles such as 'The' and 'An' will be moved to the end. If
-# set to 'strictly_alphabetic', the series will be sent without change.
-# For example, if the tweak is set to library_order, "The Lord of the Rings"
-# will become "Lord of the Rings, The". If the tweak is set to
-# strictly_alphabetic, it would remain "The Lord of the Rings". Note that the
-# formatter function raw_field will return the base value for title and
-# series regardless of the setting of this tweak.
-save_template_title_series_sorting = 'library_order'
-
-#: Set the list of words considered to be "articles" for sort strings
-# Set the list of words that are to be considered 'articles' when computing the
-# title sort strings. The articles differ by language. By default, calibre uses
-# a combination of articles from English and whatever language the calibre user
-# interface is set to. In addition, in some contexts where the book language is
-# available, the language of the book is used. You can change the list of
-# articles for a given language or add a new language by editing
-# per_language_title_sort_articles. To tell calibre to use a language other
-# than the user interface language, set, default_language_for_title_sort. For
-# example, to use German, set it to 'deu'. A value of None means the user
-# interface language is used. The setting title_sort_articles is ignored
-# (present only for legacy reasons).
-per_language_title_sort_articles = {
- # English
- 'eng' : (r'A\s+', r'The\s+', r'An\s+'),
-
- # Esperanto
- 'epo': (r'La\s+', r"L'", 'L\xb4'),
-
- # Spanish
- 'spa' : (r'El\s+', r'La\s+', r'Lo\s+', r'Los\s+', r'Las\s+', r'Un\s+',
- r'Una\s+', r'Unos\s+', r'Unas\s+'),
- # French
- 'fra' : (r'Le\s+', r'La\s+', r"L'", u'L´', r'Les\s+', r'Un\s+', r'Une\s+',
- r'Des\s+', r'De\s+La\s+', r'De\s+', r"D'", u'D´'),
- # Italian
- 'ita': ('Lo\\s+', 'Il\\s+', "L'", 'L\xb4', 'La\\s+', 'Gli\\s+',
- 'I\\s+', 'Le\\s+', 'Uno\\s+', 'Un\\s+', 'Una\\s+', "Un'",
- 'Un\xb4', 'Dei\\s+', 'Degli\\s+', 'Delle\\s+', 'Del\\s+',
- 'Della\\s+', 'Dello\\s+', "Dell'", 'Dell\xb4'),
-
- # Portuguese
- 'por' : (r'A\s+', r'O\s+', r'Os\s+', r'As\s+', r'Um\s+', r'Uns\s+',
- r'Uma\s+', r'Umas\s+', ),
- # Romanian
- 'ron' : (r'Un\s+', r'O\s+', r'Nişte\s+', ),
- # German
- 'deu' : (r'Der\s+', r'Die\s+', r'Das\s+', r'Den\s+', r'Ein\s+',
- r'Eine\s+', r'Einen\s+', r'Dem\s+', r'Des\s+', r'Einem\s+',
- r'Eines\s+'),
- # Dutch
- 'nld' : (r'De\s+', r'Het\s+', r'Een\s+', r"'n\s+", r"'s\s+", r'Ene\s+',
- r'Ener\s+', r'Enes\s+', r'Den\s+', r'Der\s+', r'Des\s+',
- r"'t\s+"),
- # Swedish
- 'swe' : (r'En\s+', r'Ett\s+', r'Det\s+', r'Den\s+', r'De\s+', ),
- # Turkish
- 'tur' : (r'Bir\s+', ),
- # Afrikaans
- 'afr' : (r"'n\s+", r'Die\s+', ),
- # Greek
- 'ell' : (r'O\s+', r'I\s+', r'To\s+', r'Ta\s+', r'Tus\s+', r'Tis\s+',
- r"'Enas\s+", r"'Mia\s+", r"'Ena\s+", r"'Enan\s+", ),
- # Hungarian
- 'hun' : (r'A\s+', 'Az\s+', 'Egy\s+',),
-}
-default_language_for_title_sort = None
-title_sort_articles=r'^(A|The|An)\s+'
-
-#: Specify a folder calibre should connect to at startup
-# Specify a folder that calibre should connect to at startup using
-# connect_to_folder. This must be a full path to the folder. If the folder does
-# not exist when calibre starts, it is ignored. If there are '\' characters in
-# the path (such as in Windows paths), you must double them.
-# Examples:
-# auto_connect_to_folder = 'C:\\Users\\someone\\Desktop\\testlib'
-# auto_connect_to_folder = '/home/dropbox/My Dropbox/someone/library'
-auto_connect_to_folder = ''
-
-#: Specify renaming rules for SONY collections
-# Specify renaming rules for sony collections. This tweak is only applicable if
-# metadata management is set to automatic. Collections on Sonys are named
-# depending upon whether the field is standard or custom. A collection derived
-# from a standard field is named for the value in that field. For example, if
-# the standard 'series' column contains the value 'Darkover', then the
-# collection name is 'Darkover'. A collection derived from a custom field will
-# have the name of the field added to the value. For example, if a custom series
-# column named 'My Series' contains the name 'Darkover', then the collection
-# will by default be named 'Darkover (My Series)'. For purposes of this
-# documentation, 'Darkover' is called the value and 'My Series' is called the
-# category. If two books have fields that generate the same collection name,
-# then both books will be in that collection.
-# This set of tweaks lets you specify for a standard or custom field how
-# the collections are to be named. You can use it to add a description to a
-# standard field, for example 'Foo (Tag)' instead of the 'Foo'. You can also use
-# it to force multiple fields to end up in the same collection. For example, you
-# could force the values in 'series', '#my_series_1', and '#my_series_2' to
-# appear in collections named 'some_value (Series)', thereby merging all of the
-# fields into one set of collections.
-# There are two related tweaks. The first determines the category name to use
-# for a metadata field. The second is a template, used to determines how the
-# value and category are combined to create the collection name.
-# The syntax of the first tweak, sony_collection_renaming_rules, is:
-# {'field_lookup_name':'category_name_to_use', 'lookup_name':'name', ...}
-# The second tweak, sony_collection_name_template, is a template. It uses the
-# same template language as plugboards and save templates. This tweak controls
-# how the value and category are combined together to make the collection name.
-# The only two fields available are {category} and {value}. The {value} field is
-# never empty. The {category} field can be empty. The default is to put the
-# value first, then the category enclosed in parentheses, it isn't empty:
-# '{value} {category:|(|)}'
-# Examples: The first three examples assume that the second tweak
-# has not been changed.
-# 1: I want three series columns to be merged into one set of collections. The
-# column lookup names are 'series', '#series_1' and '#series_2'. I want nothing
-# in the parenthesis. The value to use in the tweak value would be:
-# sony_collection_renaming_rules={'series':'', '#series_1':'', '#series_2':''}
-# 2: I want the word '(Series)' to appear on collections made from series, and
-# the word '(Tag)' to appear on collections made from tags. Use:
-# sony_collection_renaming_rules={'series':'Series', 'tags':'Tag'}
-# 3: I want 'series' and '#myseries' to be merged, and for the collection name
-# to have '(Series)' appended. The renaming rule is:
-# sony_collection_renaming_rules={'series':'Series', '#myseries':'Series'}
-# 4: Same as example 2, but instead of having the category name in parentheses
-# and appended to the value, I want it prepended and separated by a colon, such
-# as in Series: Darkover. I must change the template used to format the category name
-# The resulting two tweaks are:
-# sony_collection_renaming_rules={'series':'Series', 'tags':'Tag'}
-# sony_collection_name_template='{category:||: }{value}'
-sony_collection_renaming_rules={}
-sony_collection_name_template='{value}{category:| (|)}'
-
-#: Specify how SONY collections are sorted
-# Specify how sony collections are sorted. This tweak is only applicable if
-# metadata management is set to automatic. You can indicate which metadata is to
-# be used to sort on a collection-by-collection basis. The format of the tweak
-# is a list of metadata fields from which collections are made, followed by the
-# name of the metadata field containing the sort value.
-# Example: The following indicates that collections built from pubdate and tags
-# are to be sorted by the value in the custom column '#mydate', that collections
-# built from 'series' are to be sorted by 'series_index', and that all other
-# collections are to be sorted by title. If a collection metadata field is not
-# named, then if it is a series- based collection it is sorted by series order,
-# otherwise it is sorted by title order.
-# [(['pubdate', 'tags'],'#mydate'), (['series'],'series_index'), (['*'], 'title')]
-# Note that the bracketing and parentheses are required. The syntax is
-# [ ( [list of fields], sort field ) , ( [ list of fields ] , sort field ) ]
-# Default: empty (no rules), so no collection attributes are named.
-sony_collection_sorting_rules = []
-
-#: Control how tags are applied when copying books to another library
-# Set this to True to ensure that tags in 'Tags to add when adding
-# a book' are added when copying books to another library
-add_new_book_tags_when_importing_books = False
-
-#: Set the maximum number of tags to show per book in the content server
-max_content_server_tags_shown=5
-
-#: Set custom metadata fields that the content server will or will not display.
-# content_server_will_display is a list of custom fields to be displayed.
-# content_server_wont_display is a list of custom fields not to be displayed.
-# wont_display has priority over will_display.
-# The special value '*' means all custom fields. The value [] means no entries.
-# Defaults:
-# content_server_will_display = ['*']
-# content_server_wont_display = []
-# Examples:
-# To display only the custom fields #mytags and #genre:
-# content_server_will_display = ['#mytags', '#genre']
-# content_server_wont_display = []
-# To display all fields except #mycomments:
-# content_server_will_display = ['*']
-# content_server_wont_display['#mycomments']
-content_server_will_display = ['*']
-content_server_wont_display = []
-
-#: Set the maximum number of sort 'levels'
-# Set the maximum number of sort 'levels' that calibre will use to resort the
-# library after certain operations such as searches or device insertion. Each
-# sort level adds a performance penalty. If the database is large (thousands of
-# books) the penalty might be noticeable. If you are not concerned about multi-
-# level sorts, and if you are seeing a slowdown, reduce the value of this tweak.
-maximum_resort_levels = 5
-
-#: Choose whether dates are sorted using visible fields
-# Date values contain both a date and a time. When sorted, all the fields are
-# used, regardless of what is displayed. Set this tweak to True to use only
-# the fields that are being displayed.
-sort_dates_using_visible_fields = False
-
-#: Fuzz value for trimming covers
-# The value used for the fuzz distance when trimming a cover.
-# Colors within this distance are considered equal.
-# The distance is in absolute intensity units.
-cover_trim_fuzz_value = 10
-
-#: Control behavior of the book list
-# You can control the behavior of doubleclicks on the books list.
-# Choices: open_viewer, do_nothing,
-# edit_cell, edit_metadata. Selecting anything other than open_viewer has the
-# side effect of disabling editing a field using a single click.
-# Default: open_viewer.
-# Example: doubleclick_on_library_view = 'do_nothing'
-# You can also control whether the book list scrolls horizontal per column or
-# per pixel. Default is per column.
-doubleclick_on_library_view = 'open_viewer'
-horizontal_scrolling_per_column = True
-
-#: Language to use when sorting.
-# Setting this tweak will force sorting to use the
-# collating order for the specified language. This might be useful if you run
-# calibre in English but want sorting to work in the language where you live.
-# Set the tweak to the desired ISO 639-1 language code, in lower case.
-# You can find the list of supported locales at
-# http://publib.boulder.ibm.com/infocenter/iseries/v5r3/topic/nls/rbagsicusortsequencetables.htm
-# Default: locale_for_sorting = '' -- use the language calibre displays in
-# Example: locale_for_sorting = 'fr' -- sort using French rules.
-# Example: locale_for_sorting = 'nb' -- sort using Norwegian rules.
-locale_for_sorting = ''
-
-#: Number of columns for custom metadata in the edit metadata dialog
-# Set whether to use one or two columns for custom metadata when editing
-# metadata one book at a time. If True, then the fields are laid out using two
-# columns. If False, one column is used.
-metadata_single_use_2_cols_for_custom_fields = True
-
-#: Order of custom column(s) in edit metadata
-# Controls the order that custom columns are listed in edit metadata single
-# and bulk. The columns listed in the tweak are displayed first and in the
-# order provided. Any columns not listed are dislayed after the listed ones,
-# in alphabetical order. Do note that this tweak does not change the size of
-# the edit widgets. Putting comments widgets in this list may result in some
-# odd widget spacing when using two-column mode.
-# Enter a comma-separated list of custom field lookup names, as in
-# metadata_edit_custom_column_order = ['#genre', '#mytags', '#etc']
-metadata_edit_custom_column_order = []
-
-#: The number of seconds to wait before sending emails
-# The number of seconds to wait before sending emails when using a
-# public email server like gmail or hotmail. Default is: 5 minutes
-# Setting it to lower may cause the server's SPAM controls to kick in,
-# making email sending fail. Changes will take effect only after a restart of
-# calibre.
-public_smtp_relay_delay = 301
-
-#: The maximum width and height for covers saved in the calibre library
-# All covers in the calibre library will be resized, preserving aspect ratio,
-# to fit within this size. This is to prevent slowdowns caused by extremely
-# large covers
-maximum_cover_size = (1650, 2200)
-
-#: Where to send downloaded news
-# When automatically sending downloaded news to a connected device, calibre
-# will by default send it to the main memory. By changing this tweak, you can
-# control where it is sent. Valid values are "main", "carda", "cardb". Note
-# that if there isn't enough free space available on the location you choose,
-# the files will be sent to the location with the most free space.
-send_news_to_device_location = "main"
-
-#: What interfaces should the content server listen on
-# By default, the calibre content server listens on '0.0.0.0' which means that it
-# accepts IPv4 connections on all interfaces. You can change this to, for
-# example, '127.0.0.1' to only listen for connections from the local machine, or
-# to '::' to listen to all incoming IPv6 and IPv4 connections (this may not
-# work on all operating systems)
-server_listen_on = '0.0.0.0'
-
-#: Unified toolbar on OS X
-# If you enable this option and restart calibre, the toolbar will be 'unified'
-# with the titlebar as is normal for OS X applications. However, doing this has
-# various bugs, for instance the minimum width of the toolbar becomes twice
-# what it should be and it causes other random bugs on some systems, so turn it
-# on at your own risk!
-unified_title_toolbar_on_osx = False
-
-#: Save original file when converting/polishing from same format to same format
-# When calibre does a conversion from the same format to the same format, for
-# example, from EPUB to EPUB, the original file is saved, so that in case the
-# conversion is poor, you can tweak the settings and run it again. By setting
-# this to False you can prevent calibre from saving the original file.
-# Similarly, by setting save_original_format_when_polishing to False you can
-# prevent calibre from saving the original file when polishing.
-save_original_format = True
-save_original_format_when_polishing = True
-
-#: Number of recently viewed books to show
-# Right-clicking the View button shows a list of recently viewed books. Control
-# how many should be shown, here.
-gui_view_history_size = 15
-
-#: Change the font size of book details in the interface
-# Change the font size at which book details are rendered in the side panel and
-# comments are rendered in the metadata edit dialog. Set it to a positive or
-# negative number to increase or decrease the font size.
-change_book_details_font_size_by = 0
-
-#: Compile General Program Mode templates to Python
-# Compiled general program mode templates are significantly faster than
-# interpreted templates. Setting this tweak to True causes calibre to compile
-# (in most cases) general program mode templates. Setting it to False causes
-# calibre to use the old behavior -- interpreting the templates. Set the tweak
-# to False if some compiled templates produce incorrect values.
-# Default: compile_gpm_templates = True
-# No compile: compile_gpm_templates = False
-compile_gpm_templates = True
-
-#: What format to default to when using the Tweak feature
-# The Tweak feature of calibre allows direct editing of a book format.
-# If multiple formats are available, calibre will offer you a choice
-# of formats, defaulting to your preferred output format if it is available.
-# Set this tweak to a specific value of 'EPUB' or 'AZW3' to always default
-# to that format rather than your output format preference.
-# Set to a value of 'remember' to use whichever format you chose last time you
-# used the Tweak feature.
-# Examples:
-# default_tweak_format = None (Use output format)
-# default_tweak_format = 'EPUB'
-# default_tweak_format = 'remember'
-default_tweak_format = None
-
-#: Do not preselect a completion when editing authors/tags/series/etc.
-# This means that you can make changes and press Enter and your changes will
-# not be overwritten by a matching completion. However, if you wish to use the
-# completions you will now have to press Tab to select one before pressing
-# Enter. Which technique you prefer will depend on the state of metadata in
-# your library and your personal editing style.
-preselect_first_completion = False
-
-#: Completion mode when editing authors/tags/series/etc.
-# By default, when completing items, calibre will show you all the candidates
-# that start with the text you have already typed. You can instead have it show
-# all candidates that contain the text you have already typed. To do this, set
-# completion_mode to 'contains'. For example, if you type asi it will match both
-# Asimov and Quasimodo, whereas the default behavior would match only Asimov.
-completion_mode = 'prefix'
-
-#: Recognize numbers inside text when sorting
-# This means that when sorting on text fields like title the text "Book 2"
-# will sort before the text "Book 100". If you want this behavior, set
-# numeric_collation = True note that doing so will cause problems with text
-# that starts with numbers and is a little slower.
-numeric_collation = False
-
-#: Sort the list of libraries alphabetically
-# The list of libraries in the Copy to Library and Quick Switch menus are
-# normally sorted by most used. However, if there are more than a certain
-# number of such libraries, the sorting becomes alphabetic. You can set that
-# number here. The default is ten libraries.
-many_libraries = 10
-
-#: Highlight the virtual library name when using a Virtual Library
-# The virtual library name next to the Virtual Library button is highlighted in
-# yellow when using a Virtual Library. You can choose the color used for the
-# highlight with this tweak. Set it to 'transparent' to disable highlighting.
-highlight_virtual_library = 'yellow'
-
-#: Choose available output formats for conversion
-# Restrict the list of available output formats in the conversion dialogs.
-# For example, if you only want to convert to EPUB and AZW3, change this to
-# restrict_output_formats = ['EPUB', 'AZW3']. The default value of None causes
-# all available output formats to be present.
-restrict_output_formats = None
-
-#: Set the thumbnail image quality used by the content server
-# The quality of a thumbnail is largely controlled by the compression quality
-# used when creating it. Set this to a larger number to improve the quality.
-# Note that the thumbnails get much larger with larger compression quality
-# numbers.
-# The value can be between 50 and 99
-content_server_thumbnail_compression_quality = 75
diff --git a/ddili/calibre_config_dir/viewer.json b/ddili/calibre_config_dir/viewer.json
deleted file mode 100644
index 11a526d..0000000
--- a/ddili/calibre_config_dir/viewer.json
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,163 +0,0 @@
-{
- "main_window_state": {
- "__class__": "bytearray",
- "__value__": "AAAA/wAAAAL9AAAAAwAAAAAAAADpAAACj/wCAAAAAfsAAAAQAHQAbwBjAC0AZABvAGMAawAAAAAnAAACjwAAAIgA////AAAAAQAAAAAAAAAA/AIAAAAB+wAAABwAYgBvAG8AawBtAGEAcgBrAHMALQBkAG8AYwBrAAAAAAD/////AAAAzQD///8AAAADAAAAAAAAAAD8AQAAAAH7AAAAHABmAG8AbwB0AG4AbwB0AGUAcwAtAGQAbwBjAGsAAAAAAP////8AAAA6AP///wAAAlEAAAKPAAAAAQAAAAIAAAABAAAAAvwAAAACAAAAAAAAAAEAAAAQAHQAbwBvAGwAXwBiAGEAcgMAAAAA/////wAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAgAAAAEAAAASAHQAbwBvAGwAXwBiAGEAcgAyAQAAAAD/////AAAAAAAAAAA="
- },
- "multiplier": 1.0,
- "viewer_window_geometry": {
- "__class__": "bytearray",
- "__value__": "AdnQywACAAAAAAGuAAAAAwAABDwAAALRAAABrwAAABcAAAQ7AAACzAAAAAAAAAAABN4="
- },
- "in_paged_mode": true,
- "custom_colors_for_color_dialog": [
- [
- 255,
- 255,
- 255,
- 255
- ],
- [
- 255,
- 255,
- 255,
- 255
- ],
- [
- 255,
- 255,
- 255,
- 255
- ],
- [
- 255,
- 255,
- 255,
- 255
- ],
- [
- 255,
- 255,
- 255,
- 255
- ],
- [
- 255,
- 255,
- 255,
- 255
- ],
- [
- 255,
- 255,
- 255,
- 255
- ],
- [
- 255,
- 255,
- 255,
- 255
- ],
- [
- 255,
- 255,
- 255,
- 255
- ],
- [
- 255,
- 255,
- 255,
- 255
- ],
- [
- 255,
- 255,
- 255,
- 255
- ],
- [
- 255,
- 255,
- 255,
- 255
- ],
- [
- 255,
- 255,
- 255,
- 255
- ],
- [
- 255,
- 255,
- 255,
- 255
- ],
- [
- 255,
- 255,
- 255,
- 255
- ],
- [
- 255,
- 255,
- 255,
- 255
- ]
- ],
- "viewer_toc_isvisible": false,
- "viewer_open_history": [
- "/home/ali/calibre_library/Unknown/ebook source.d.en (65)/ebook source.d.en - Unknown.azw3",
- "/home/ali/calibre_library/Ali Cehreli/Programming in D (62)/Programming in D - Ali Cehreli.azw3",
- "/home/ali/calibre_library/Ali Cehreli/No Bold (60)/No Bold - Ali Cehreli.azw3",
- "/home/ali/calibre_library/Ali Cehreli/No Bold (60)/No Bold - Ali Cehreli.epub",
- "/home/ali/calibre_library/Ali Cehreli/Programming in D (59)/Programming in D - Ali Cehreli.epub",
- "/home/ali/calibre_library/Unknown/ebook source.d.en (58)/ebook source.d.en - Unknown.epub",
- "/home/ali/calibre_library/Unknown/PinD Fonts 99 (57)/PinD Fonts 99 - Unknown.epub",
- "/home/ali/calibre_library/Unknown/PinD Fonts 99 (57)/PinD Fonts 99 - Unknown.azw3",
- "/home/ali/calibre_library/Unknown/PinD Fonts 88 (56)/PinD Fonts 88 - Unknown.azw3",
- "/home/ali/calibre_library/Unknown/PinD Fonts 88 (56)/PinD Fonts 88 - Unknown.epub",
- "/home/ali/calibre_library/Unknown/ebook source.d.en (54)/ebook source.d.en - Unknown.epub",
- "/home/ali/calibre_library/Unknown/PinD - Fonts 1 (53)/PinD - Fonts 1 - Unknown.epub",
- "/home/ali/calibre_library/Unknown/ebook source.d.en (49)/ebook source.d.en - Unknown.epub",
- "/home/ali/calibre_library/Unknown/ebook source.d.en (49)/ebook source.d.en - Unknown.azw3",
- "/home/ali/calibre_library/Unknown/ebook source.d.en (49)/ebook source.d.en - Unknown.mobi",
- "/home/ali/calibre_library/Ali Cehreli/Programming in D (48)/Programming in D - Ali Cehreli.epub",
- "/home/ali/calibre_library/Unknown/ebook source.d.en (48)/ebook source.d.en - Unknown.epub",
- "/home/ali/calibre_library/Ali Cehreli/Programming in D (46)/Programming in D - Ali Cehreli.epub",
- "/home/ali/calibre_library/Ali Cehreli/Programming in D (45)/Programming in D - Ali Cehreli.epub",
- "/home/ali/calibre_library/Ali Cehreli/Programming in D - First Edition (44)/Programming in D - First Edition - Ali Cehreli.epub",
- "/home/ali/calibre_library/Ali Cehreli/Programming in D - First Edition (44)/Programming in D - First Edition - Ali Cehreli.mobi",
- "/home/ali/calibre_library/Ali Cehreli/Programming in D (42)/Programming in D - Ali Cehreli.azw3",
- "/home/ali/calibre_library/Ali Cehreli/Programming in D - First Edition (44)/Programming in D - First Edition - Ali Cehreli.azw3",
- "/home/ali/calibre_library/Ali Cehreli/D Programlama Dili (43)/D Programlama Dili - Ali Cehreli.epub",
- "/home/ali/calibre_library/Ali Cehreli/Programming in D (42)/Programming in D - Ali Cehreli.epub",
- "/home/ali/calibre_library/Ali Cehreli/Programming in D (40)/Programming in D - Ali Cehreli.epub",
- "/home/ali/calibre_library/Ali Cehreli/Programming in D (38)/Programming in D - Ali Cehreli.azw3",
- "/home/ali/calibre_library/Ali Cehreli/Programming in D (38)/Programming in D - Ali Cehreli.mobi",
- "/home/ali/calibre_library/Unknown/ebook source.d.en (37)/ebook source.d.en - Unknown.mobi",
- "/home/ali/calibre_library/Unknown/ebook source.d.en (36)/ebook source.d.en - Unknown.mobi",
- "/home/ali/calibre_library/Unknown/ebook source.d.en (36)/ebook source.d.en - Unknown.epub",
- "/home/ali/calibre_library/Unknown/ebook source.d.en (35)/ebook source.d.en - Unknown.mobi",
- "/home/ali/calibre_library/Unknown/ebook source.d.en (34)/ebook source.d.en - Unknown.mobi",
- "/home/ali/calibre_library/Unknown/ebook source.d.en (33)/ebook source.d.en - Unknown.epub",
- "/home/ali/calibre_library/Unknown/ebook source.d.en (32)/ebook source.d.en - Unknown.epub",
- "/home/ali/calibre_library/Unknown/ebook source.d.en (31)/ebook source.d.en - Unknown.epub",
- "/home/ali/calibre_library/Unknown/ebook source.d.en (30)/ebook source.d.en - Unknown.epub",
- "/home/ali/calibre_library/Unknown/ebook source.d.en (29)/ebook source.d.en - Unknown.epub",
- "/home/ali/calibre_library/Unknown/ebook source.d.en (28)/ebook source.d.en - Unknown.mobi",
- "/home/ali/calibre_library/Unknown/ebook source.d.en (28)/ebook source.d.en - Unknown.epub",
- "/home/ali/calibre_library/Ali Cehreli/D.ershane - Programming in D (24)/D.ershane - Programming in D - Ali Cehreli.mobi",
- "/home/ali/calibre_library/Ali Cehreli/D.ershane - Programming in D (21)/D.ershane - Programming in D - Ali Cehreli.epub",
- "/home/ali/calibre_library/Ali Cehreli/D.ershane - Programming in D (20)/D.ershane - Programming in D - Ali Cehreli.epub",
- "/home/ali/calibre_library/Ali Cehreli/D.ershane - Programming in D (18)/D.ershane - Programming in D - Ali Cehreli.epub",
- "/home/ali/calibre_library/Ali Cehreli/D.ershane - Programming in D (17)/D.ershane - Programming in D - Ali Cehreli.mobi",
- "/home/ali/calibre_library/Ali Cehreli/D.ershane - Programming in D (16)/D.ershane - Programming in D - Ali Cehreli.mobi",
- "/home/ali/calibre_library/Ali Cehreli/D.ershane - Programming in D (12)/D.ershane - Programming in D - Ali Cehreli.epub",
- "/home/ali/calibre_library/Ali Cehreli/D.ershane - Programming in D (11)/D.ershane - Programming in D - Ali Cehreli.epub",
- "/home/ali/calibre_library/Ali Cehreli/D.ershane - Programming in D (11)/D.ershane - Programming in D - Ali Cehreli.azw3",
- "/home/ali/calibre_library/Ali Cehreli/D.ershane - Programming in D (10)/D.ershane - Programming in D - Ali Cehreli.epub"
- ]
-}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/ddili/calibre_config_dir/viewer.py b/ddili/calibre_config_dir/viewer.py
deleted file mode 100644
index a7a84a8..0000000
--- a/ddili/calibre_config_dir/viewer.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,134 +0,0 @@
-# Options to customize the ebook viewer
-
-### Begin group: DEFAULT
-
-# remember window size
-# Remember last used window size
-remember_window_size = False
-
-# user css
-# Set the user CSS stylesheet. This can be used to customize the look of all books.
-user_css = u''
-
-# max fs width
-# Set the maximum width that the book's text and pictures will take when in fullscreen mode. This allows you to read the book text without it becoming too wide.
-max_fs_width = 800
-
-# max fs height
-# Set the maximum height that the book's text and pictures will take when in fullscreen mode. This allows you to read the book text without it becoming too tall. Note that this setting only takes effect in paged mode (which is the default mode).
-max_fs_height = -1
-
-# fit images
-# Resize images larger than the viewer window to fit inside it
-fit_images = True
-
-# hyphenate
-# Hyphenate text
-hyphenate = False
-
-# hyphenate default lang
-# Default language for hyphenation rules
-hyphenate_default_lang = u'en_us'
-
-# remember current page
-# Save the current position in the document, when quitting
-remember_current_page = True
-
-# wheel flips pages
-# Have the mouse wheel turn pages
-wheel_flips_pages = False
-
-# tap flips pages
-# Tapping on the screen turns pages
-tap_flips_pages = True
-
-# line scrolling stops on pagebreaks
-# Prevent the up and down arrow keys from scrolling past page breaks
-line_scrolling_stops_on_pagebreaks = False
-
-# page flip duration
-# The time, in seconds, for the page flip animation. Default is half a second.
-page_flip_duration = 0.5
-
-# font magnification step
-# The amount by which to change the font size when clicking the font larger/smaller buttons. Should be a number between 0 and 1.
-font_magnification_step = 0.1
-
-# fullscreen clock
-# Show a clock in fullscreen mode.
-fullscreen_clock = False
-
-# fullscreen pos
-# Show reading position in fullscreen mode.
-fullscreen_pos = False
-
-# fullscreen scrollbar
-# Show the scrollbar in fullscreen mode.
-fullscreen_scrollbar = True
-
-# start in fullscreen
-# Start viewer in full screen mode
-start_in_fullscreen = False
-
-# show fullscreen help
-# Show full screen usage help
-show_fullscreen_help = True
-
-# cols per screen
-cols_per_screen = 1
-
-# use book margins
-use_book_margins = False
-
-# top margin
-top_margin = 20
-
-# side margin
-side_margin = 40
-
-# bottom margin
-bottom_margin = 20
-
-# text color
-text_color = None
-
-# background color
-background_color = None
-
-# show controls
-show_controls = True
-
-
-### Begin group: FONTS
-# Font options
-
-# serif family
-# The serif font family
-serif_family = u'DejaVu Serif'
-
-# sans family
-# The sans-serif font family
-sans_family = u'DejaVu Sans'
-
-# mono family
-# The monospaced font family
-mono_family = u'DejaVu Sans Mono'
-
-# default font size
-# The standard font size in px
-default_font_size = 16
-
-# mono font size
-# The monospaced font size in px
-mono_font_size = 16
-
-# standard font
-# The standard font type
-standard_font = u'serif'
-
-# minimum font size
-# The minimum font size in px
-minimum_font_size = 8
-
-
-
diff --git a/ddili/calibre_config_dir/viewer_dictionaries.json b/ddili/calibre_config_dir/viewer_dictionaries.json
deleted file mode 100644
index 94c386c..0000000
--- a/ddili/calibre_config_dir/viewer_dictionaries.json
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
-{
- "word_lookups": {}
-}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/ddili/src/404.d b/ddili/src/404.d
deleted file mode 100644
index b00f7ca..0000000
--- a/ddili/src/404.d
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,24 +0,0 @@
-Ddoc
-
-$(BR)
-
-$(CENTER $(H5 $(RED Aradığınız sayfa bulunamadı!)))
-
-$(P
-Eğer zaten denemediyseniz sol taraftaki bağlantılar işe yarayabilir... Veya aradığınızı bulmanızda yardımı olabilecek kelimeler varsa Google'da site adını da ekleyerek aratabilirsiniz.
-)
-
-$(P
-Bu site içeriğinde aratmak için Google'da şu diziyi girebilirsiniz:
-)
-
-$(SHELL
-d programlama dili site:ddili.org
-)
-
-Macros:
- SUBTITLE=Sayfa Bulunamadı
-
- DESCRIPTION=
-
- KEYWORDS=
diff --git a/ddili/src/AliCehreli_resume.d b/ddili/src/AliCehreli_resume.d
deleted file mode 100644
index c7f028a..0000000
--- a/ddili/src/AliCehreli_resume.d
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,291 +0,0 @@
-Ddoc
-
-<div class="pdf_link">
-$(BR)
-$(CENTER $(LINK2 /AliCehreli_resume.pdf, [Click for PDF version]))
-</div>
-
-$(CENTER $(H4 Ali Çehreli))
-$(CENTER $(LINK2 mailto:acehreli@yahoo.com, acehreli@yahoo.com))
-
-$(H5 Skills)
-
-$(UL
-
-$(LI $(I Programming languages): Extensive experience with C++, C, and D since 1997, 1989, and 2009, respectively. I am familiar with C++11, C++14, and Python as well.
-)
-
-$(LI $(I Technologies): User-mode C, C++, and D programs on Linux systems; configuration management systems ($(LINK2 http://www.tallmaple.com/, TMS) and proprietary others); $(LINK2 http://www.boost.org/, Boost), libevent, libxml, and other libraries; DDoc, GNU make, BoilerMake, distcc, gdb, valgrind, and other tools)
-
-$(LI $(I Program correctness): Unit testing; exception-safe C++ API design and implementation)
-
-)
-
-$(H5 Employment)
-
-$(H6 $(LINK2 http://www.riverbed.com/, Riverbed), 2007 - present)
-
-$(P $(I Member of Technical Staff, Device management framework))
-
-$(UL
-
-$(LI Designed and implemented C++ library APIs to improve program correctness and developer productivity over existing C libraries. Introduced the Boost libraries to the development environment. Improved developer productivity by automating device configuration tree registrations through XML and C++ APIs, and automatic upgrades and fallbacks of device configurations.)
-
-$(LI Improved program responsiveness by enabling more kinds of non-blocking tasks and by implementing an event-based process startup dependency graph.)
-
-$(LI Improved software quality by integrating a unit testing framework (Unittest++) into the build process, wrote a mock file system library to enable program and library testing at build time. Introduced Doxygen to the code base. Wrote the coding guidelines document, acted as a resident C++ expert, gave presentations on C++ exception safety and the D programming language.)
-
-$(XXX Converted the build system to a non-recursive make to improve build speeds.)
-
-$(LI Interviewed 200+ engineering candidates.)
-
-)
-
-$(P $(I Member of Technical Staff, SteelFusion))
-
-$(UL
-
-$(LI Worked on the configuration and management system of $(I SteelFusion). Implemented configuration modules like $(I Hypervisor Image Vault), which manages hypervisor ISO images.)
-
-)
-
-$(H6 $(LINK2 http://www.vmware.com/, VMware), 2006 - 2007)
-
-$(P
-$(I Member of the Technical Staff, $(LINK2 http://www.vmware.com/support/converter/doc/releasenotes_conv302.html, VMware Converter))
-)
-
-$(UL
-
-$(LI Member of the team developing VMware Converter, a client/server physical-to-virtual computer migration system. Implemented the job scheduler to manage the execution of asynchronous machine conversion jobs, implemented job status message transfers from the server to the user interfaces, implemented the archiving of job status information as XML files. Helped incorporate Converter to VMware's Virtual Center product.)
-
-)
-
-$(H6 $(LINK2 https://www.paypal.com/, PayPal), 2004 - 2006)
-
-$(P $(I Staff Software Engineer, $(LINK2 https://www.paypal.com/cn/, Chinese PayPal site)))
-
-$(UL
-
-$(LI Participated in $(I the UTF-8 strings) project that integrated the $(LINK2 http://www-01.ibm.com/software/globalization/icu/, ICU libraries) of IBM to hundreds of source files to make the PayPal site Unicode-aware.)
-
-$(LI Worked on the Chinese PayPal site by localizing various existing features of PayPal to the Chinese language and culture. Implemented the Chinese site signup and referral bonus programs.)
-
-$(LI Worked on various other parts of the PayPal system from the back-end financial batch processing to front-end web interfaces.)
-
-)
-
-$(H6 NetContinuum, 2002 - 2004)
-
-$(P $(I Senior Software Engineer, Application security gateway))
-
-$(UL
-
-$(LI One of the primary contributors of the team that developed the configuration agent of the $(I application security gateway) product. Redesigned and implemented the statistics collection framework; optimized the execution speed and reduced development and maintenance efforts. Redesigned the XML messaging framework; improved the communication with the user interfaces. Abstracted the external representation of the configuration tree. Designed and implemented a simple and safe output stream wrapper to increase the speed of string concatenations by a factor of ten. Improved the quality and robustness of the software; refactored the source code. Removed memory leaks; used valgrind and constantly inspected the source code for potential developer errors.
-)
-
-$(LI Acted as the in-house C++ expert. Gave presentions on C++ good practices. Introduced the use of modern C++ idioms, design patterns, and libraries. Increased the overall understanding of the safe and robust software practices.
-)
-
-$(LI Improved the build environment. Automated target dependency generation in the make files. Tripled the build speed by introducing distcc.
-)
-
-)
-
-
-$(H6 Inviscid Networks, 2001 - 2002)
-
-$(P $(I Lead Software Engineer, Packet forwarding engine ASICs))
-
-$(UL
-
-$(LI Principal designer of network processor verification software and network processor development tools.)
-
-$(LI Lead contributor to architecture, design, and implementation of full suite of integrated network processor development tools.)
-
-$(LI Contributor to the architecture of network processor ASICs.)
-
-$(LI Developed run time libraries for table management and hardware abstraction layer for a family of network processors.)
-
-$(LI Designed and implemented an unlimited-width and platform independent bit-field class to represent the varying widths of hardware memory blocks, implemented patricia trie, hash table, and other data structures.)
-
-$(LI Abstracted the hardware layer structures as logical operators and functional blocks of a graphical decision tree.)
-
-)
-
-$(H6 $(LINK2 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berkeley_Networks, Berkeley Networks) ($(LINK2 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FORE_Systems, Fore) and $(LINK2 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marconi_Communications, Marconi) by acquisitions), 1996 – 2001)
-
-$(P $(I Senior Software Engineer, Network switches and routers))
-
-$(UL
-
-$(LI Fundamental contributor from the earliest design stages of a family of networks processor ASICs. Contributed to the development of a family of application aware Ethernet switches. Proposed optimizations that were later implemented in successor chip development.
-)
-
-$(LI Implemented low level protocols and tools for ASIC verification, manufacturing diagnostics, and fault isolation. Implemented low level protocols to communicate with line cards over both serial and ethernet ports. Developed tools for ASIC verification, manufacturing diagnostics, and fault isolation. The test methods and programs developed were leveraged from early phases of ASIC design and verification to the eventual deployment into 3rd party manufacturing process flows.
-)
-
-$(LI Developed a functional test program to run on a single inexpensive PC to stress test the routing and bridging protocols of a multi-Gigabit switch. Lead developer of diagnostic stress tests utilizing avalanche traffic generation methods within the switch. Hardware multicast, COS queue scheduling and multiple programmable loop-back interfaces were used to advantage. The test program could automatically isolate faults to specific chips and interfaces within the system by dynamically adjusting the program parameters based upon incorrect returned packet data. Stimulus and verification data could be injected and returned at program controlled rates on a single link to enable simple test bench environments suitable for manufacturing.
-)
-
-)
-
-$(H6 ITA - Nokia Monitors, 1994 - 1996)
-
-$(P $(I Software Engineer, Order-entry and invoicing system)
-)
-
-$(UL
-
-$(LI Programmed a proprietary order-entry and invoicing system. Integrated the system with FedEx's shipping applications. Sole maintainer and improver of a proprietary order-entry and invoicing system written in the MS FoxPro database language. Integrated the system with FedEx's shipping applications to automatically update the status of orders in the database. Designed, configured, and maintained a WAN connecting the branch offices. Connected the system to company's remote offices via modems and routers for automatic data entry.
-
-)
-
-)
-
-$(H6 Opera Computer, 1991 - 1994)
-
-$(P $(I Founder and Software Engineer, WordPerfect products))
-
-$(UL
-
-$(LI Co-founder of the WordPerfect reseller in Turkey. Localized the products of WordPerfect Corporation. Translated the word processor, database, spreadsheet, and other applications to Turkish. Provided customer support and product training.
-)
-
-)
-
-$(H6 Karel Computer, 1989 - 1990)
-
-$(P $(I Software Engineer, Digital Research products))
-
-$(UL
-
-$(LI Localized the products of Digital Research Corporation. Translated the DR DOS operating system and the entire set of GUI products of Digital Research Corporation, as well as some of the user manuals of those products to Turkish. Patched pre-compiled object files to support Turkish keyboard layout and to enable copy protection for applications.
-)
-
-)
-
-$(H5 Other experience)
-
-$(H6 $(LINK2 http://millcomputing.com/, Mill Computing), 2014 - present)
-
-$(P
-$(I Software Engineer, Mill CPU)
-)
-
-$(UL
-
-$(LI Worked on the simulation environment, syscalls, runtime, and various tools of the Mill, a revolutionary CPU architecture.)
-
-)
-
-$(H5 Personal projects and accomplishments)
-
-$(H6 C++ and C Programming Languages)
-
-$(UL
-
-$(LI Former president of $(LINK2 http://www.meetup.com/SFBay-Association-of-C-C-Users/, Silicon Valley Chapter of ACCU) (2012-2015); former membership coordinator (2002-2015); four-time speaker (2004-2015))
-
-$(LI Author of the Trends column and several C++ articles for the ACC$(SUP ++)ent newsletter (2001-2003))
-
-$(LI Former moderator of $(LINK2 http://forum.ceviz.net/k/c-c.28/, the C and C++ forum) on Ceviz.net (2002-2014))
-
-$(LI Attendee of $(LINK2 http://groups.yahoo.com/neo/groups/siliconvalleypatterns/info, Silicon Valley Patterns Group))
-
-$(LI Author and translator of $(LINK2 http://acehreli.org/turkcecpp/index.html, C++ articles))
-
-)
-
-
-$(H6 D Programming Language)
-
-$(UL
-
-$(LI Author of the books $(LINK2 http://ddili.org/ders/d.en/index.html, $(I Programming in D)) (textbook at University of Minnesota and $(LINK2 https://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_detailpage&v=ymoIx3klQ6M#t=688, Utah Valley University)) and its original $(LINK2 http://ddili.org/ders/d/, $(I D Programlama Dili)))
-
-$(LI Secretary and board member of The D Language Foundation)
-
-$(LI Main organizer of $(LINK2 http://www.meetup.com/D-Lang-Silicon-Valley/, Silicon Valley D Lang Meetup) group)
-
-$(LI Speaker at $(LINK2 http://dconf.org/talks/cehreli.html, DConf 2013), $(LINK2 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oF8K4-bieaw, DConf 2014), $(LINK2 http://dconf.org/2016/talks/cehreli.html, DConf 2016), and D Lang meetups)
-
-$(LI Founder of $(LINK2 http://ddili.org/, Ddili.org))
-
-$(LI Moderator of D forums on $(LINK2 http://ddili.org/forum/, Ddili.org))
-
-$(LI $(LINK2 https://bitbucket.org/acehreli/, Personal projects) including the generation of ddili.org as well as an experimental Unicode library for collation and capitalization of various writing systems)
-
-)
-
-$(H5 Education)
-
-$(UL
-
-$(LI M.S., Physics, $(LINK2 http://www.itu.edu.tr/en/, Istanbul Technical University), 1994. Developed tools and emulation programs to study fractals, dynamical systems, neural networks, and cellular automata.)
-
-$(LI B.S., Electronics Engineering, $(LINK2 http://www.itu.edu.tr/en/, Istanbul Technical University), 1989. Designed microprocessor controlled stopwatch for track and field sports.)
-
-)
-
-Macros:
-
-BREADCRUMBS_ID = resume_breadcrumbs
-
-BREADCRUMBS_FULL= $(LINK2 /ders/d.en/index.html, Main Page)
-
-DDOC = $(DOCTYPE)
-
-<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" lang="$(LANG)">
-
- <head>
- <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
- <meta http-equiv="content-language" content="$(LANG)" />
- <meta http-equiv="last-modified" content="$(LAST_MODIFIED)" />
- <meta name="language" content="$(LANGUAGE)" />
- <meta name="description" content="$(DESCRIPTION)" />
- <meta name="keywords" content="$(KEYWORDS)" />
- <title>$(SUBTITLE)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-