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Jean Pierre Charalambos
Universidad Nacional de Colombia
Presentation best seen online
See also the source code
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- Color Vision Intro
- Spectral colors and spectral sensitivity
- Human eye
- Effects
- Color Models Intro
- Additive coloring
- Subtracting coloring
- Color Models
- Additive coloring (RGB)
- Subtracting coloring (RYB, CMY(K))
- ~additive / ~subtractive (HSV & HSL, CIE 1931 XYZ)
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- Spectral colors
- Human eye
- Spectral sensitivity
- Normal effects
- Anomalies
- Vision table
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N: Mirror -> in terms of frequency (observe infra-red and ultraviolet)
- Violet -> ultraviolet -> X rays
- Infrared -> microwaves -> FM radio & TV -> AM radio
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- Rod: scotopic vision
- Cones: color vision
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- Spectral sensitivity: is the relative efficiency of detection (medium), of light or other signal, as a function of the frequency or wavelength of the signal.
- Medium: Eye cones, (film) película fotografica
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- If the viewer stares at this image for 20–60 seconds and then looks at a white object, a negative afterimage will appear
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- extended color vision into the ultraviolet
- present in some birds, fish, amphibians, reptiles and insects.
- was also the normal condition of most mammals in the past; a genetic change made the majority of species of this class eventually lose two of their four cones.
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| State | Cones | Colors | Porters |
|---|---|---|---|
| Monochromacy | 1 | 100 | marine mammals, achromat humans |
| Dichromacy | 2 | 10,000 | most terrestrial non-primate mammals |
| Trichromacy | 3 | 1' | most primates, some insects |
| Tetrachromacy | 4 | 100' | most rept., amph., birds & insects |
| Pentachromacy | 5 | 10000' | some insects and birds |
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- Definition
- Math model describing the way colors can be represented as tuples
- Each tuple number -> primary color
- Primary colors -> sets of colors that can be combined to make a useful range of colors
- Secondary color -> mixes two or more primary colors in a given color space
- Types
- Additive coloring
- Subtracting coloring
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- Color -> Mixing of a limited set of colors lights
- Process to create a wide color range:
- Start with darkness
- Add light sources of various wavelengths
- Used in e.g., computer monitors and tvs
- Examples: RGB
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- Color -> Mixing of a limited set of dyes, inks, paint pigments or natural colorants
- Process to create a wide color range:
- Start with (white) light
- Subtract wavelengths from the light: Add colored inks, paints, or filters between the viewer and the light source or reflective surface
- Used in e.g., color printers, analog photography
- Examples: RYB, CMY, CMYK
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- Additive
- RGB
- Subtractive 2. RYB 3. CMY(K)
- Non-additive non-subtractive
- HSV & HSL
- CIE 1931 XYZ
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Normalized:
Ranged:
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N: Francisco de Miranda <-> Goethe meeting in Weimar 1785 :-> colombian flag
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From RGB:
To RGB:
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N: [bug next slide note appear here] Luma takes: gamma-corrected R, G, and B
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- International Commission on Illumination (CIE)
- CIE 1931 RGB + CIE 1931 XYZ
- Physical pure colors (wavelength) <-> physiological perceived colors in human color vision
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The CIE standard observer color matching functions
Z -> Blue stimulation, Y -> Luminance, X -> Mix of cone response curves chosen to be nonnegative
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CIE xyY color space: x, y (chromaticity), and Y (tristimulus)
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Observation:
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Helps to determine:
- Complementary colors
- Dominant wavelength (hue)
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