There is an official Plugin API endpoint to get the checksums.
Sample file: https://downloads.wordpress.org/plugin-checksums/plugin-report/2.1.1.json
As I use Plugin Report to check an installation for issues, highlighting modified plugins could be a great addition to this plugin.
For example implementations (for core), we could look at the Health Check plugin:
https://github.com/WordPress/health-check/blob/trunk/HealthCheck/Tools/class-health-check-files-integrity.php
I think there are more plugins that do that and with WP Cerber (not in the directory anymore, I think) there is also an implementation for plugins.
What do you think?