-
Notifications
You must be signed in to change notification settings - Fork 0
Expand file tree
/
Copy pathbookfive.html
More file actions
2350 lines (1964 loc) · 96.5 KB
/
bookfive.html
File metadata and controls
2350 lines (1964 loc) · 96.5 KB
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
403
404
405
406
407
408
409
410
411
412
413
414
415
416
417
418
419
420
421
422
423
424
425
426
427
428
429
430
431
432
433
434
435
436
437
438
439
440
441
442
443
444
445
446
447
448
449
450
451
452
453
454
455
456
457
458
459
460
461
462
463
464
465
466
467
468
469
470
471
472
473
474
475
476
477
478
479
480
481
482
483
484
485
486
487
488
489
490
491
492
493
494
495
496
497
498
499
500
501
502
503
504
505
506
507
508
509
510
511
512
513
514
515
516
517
518
519
520
521
522
523
524
525
526
527
528
529
530
531
532
533
534
535
536
537
538
539
540
541
542
543
544
545
546
547
548
549
550
551
552
553
554
555
556
557
558
559
560
561
562
563
564
565
566
567
568
569
570
571
572
573
574
575
576
577
578
579
580
581
582
583
584
585
586
587
588
589
590
591
592
593
594
595
596
597
598
599
600
601
602
603
604
605
606
607
608
609
610
611
612
613
614
615
616
617
618
619
620
621
622
623
624
625
626
627
628
629
630
631
632
633
634
635
636
637
638
639
640
641
642
643
644
645
646
647
648
649
650
651
652
653
654
655
656
657
658
659
660
661
662
663
664
665
666
667
668
669
670
671
672
673
674
675
676
677
678
679
680
681
682
683
684
685
686
687
688
689
690
691
692
693
694
695
696
697
698
699
700
701
702
703
704
705
706
707
708
709
710
711
712
713
714
715
716
717
718
719
720
721
722
723
724
725
726
727
728
729
730
731
732
733
734
735
736
737
738
739
740
741
742
743
744
745
746
747
748
749
750
751
752
753
754
755
756
757
758
759
760
761
762
763
764
765
766
767
768
769
770
771
772
773
774
775
776
777
778
779
780
781
782
783
784
785
786
787
788
789
790
791
792
793
794
795
796
797
798
799
800
801
802
803
804
805
806
807
808
809
810
811
812
813
814
815
816
817
818
819
820
821
822
823
824
825
826
827
828
829
830
831
832
833
834
835
836
837
838
839
840
841
842
843
844
845
846
847
848
849
850
851
852
853
854
855
856
857
858
859
860
861
862
863
864
865
866
867
868
869
870
871
872
873
874
875
876
877
878
879
880
881
882
883
884
885
886
887
888
889
890
891
892
893
894
895
896
897
898
899
900
901
902
903
904
905
906
907
908
909
910
911
912
913
914
915
916
917
918
919
920
921
922
923
924
925
926
927
928
929
930
931
932
933
934
935
936
937
938
939
940
941
942
943
944
945
946
947
948
949
950
951
952
953
954
955
956
957
958
959
960
961
962
963
964
965
966
967
968
969
970
971
972
973
974
975
976
977
978
979
980
981
982
983
984
985
986
987
988
989
990
991
992
993
994
995
996
997
998
999
1000
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<h1>
<title>The Book of Five Rings</title>
</h1>
<h2>Miyamoto, Musashi</h2>
Published: 1644
Categories(s): Non-Fiction, Philosophy
Source: http://www.holybooks.com
<h3>About Miyamoto:</h3>
<p>
Miyamoto Musashi (c.1584–June 13 (Japanese calendar: May 19), 1645),
also known as Shinmen Takezō, Miyamoto Bennosuke, or by his
Buddhist name Niten Dōraku was a famous Japanese samurai, and is
considered by many to have been one of the most skilled swordsmen in
history. Musashi, as he is often simply known, became legendary
through his outstanding swordsmanship in numerous duels, even from a
</p>
<p>
very young age. He is the founder of the Hyōhō Niten Ichi-ryū or Niten-
ryū style of swordsmanship and the author of The Book of Five Rings, a
</p>
<p>
book on strategy, tactics, and philosophy that is still studied today.
<em> Source: Wikipedia</em>
<em> Note: This book is brought to you by Holybooks.com</em>
<a href="http://www.holybooks.com/a-book-of-five-rings-by-miyamoto-musashi/">book site</a>"
Strictly for personal use, do not use this file for commercial purposes.
</p>
<h2>Introduction</h2>
<p>
I have been many years training in the Way of Strategy, called Ni Ten
Ichi Ryu, and now I think I will explain it in writing for the first time.
It is now during the first ten days of the tenth month in the twentieth
year of Kanei (1645). I have climbed mountain Iwato of Higo in Kyushu
to pay homage to heaven, pray to Kwannon, and kneel before Buddha. I
am a warrior of Harima province, Shinmen Musashi No Kami Fujiwara
</p>
<p>
No Genshin, age sixty years. From youth my heart has been inclined to-
ward the Way of Strategy.
</p>
<p>
My first duel was when I was thirteen, I struck down a strategist of the
Shinto school, one Arima Kihei. When I was sixteen I struck down an
able strategist Tadashima Akiyama. When I was twenty-one I went up to
the capital and met all manner of strategists, never once failing to win in
many contests.
After that I went from province to province dueling with strategist of
various schools, and not once failed to win even though I had as many as
sixty encounters. This was between the ages of thirteen and twenty-eight
</p>
<p>
or twenty-nine. When I reached thirty I looked back on my past. The pre-
vious victories were not due to my having mastered strategy. Perhaps it
</p>
<p>
was natural ability, or the order of heaven, or that other schools' strategy
was inferior.
After that I studied morning and evening searching for the principle,
and came to realize the Way of Strategy when I was fifty. Since then I
have lived without following any particular Way. Thus with the virtue of
strategy I practice many arts and abilities - all things with no teacher. To
</p>
<p>
write this book I did not use the law of Buddha or the teachings of Con-
fucius, neither old war chronicles nor books on martial tactics. I take up
</p>
<p>
my brush to explain the true spirit of this Ichi school as it is mirrored in
the Way of heaven and Kwannon. The time is the night of the tenth day
of the tenth month, at the hour of the tiger (3-5 a.m.)
</p>
<h2>Chapter 1</h2>
<h2>THE GROUND BOOK</h2>
<p>
Strategy is the craft of the warrior. Commanders must enact the craft,
and troopers should know this Way. There is no warrior in the world
today who really understands the Way of Strategy.
There are various Ways. There is the Way of salvation by the law of
Buddha, the Way of Confucius governing the Way of learning, the Way
of healing as a doctor, as a poet teaching the Way of Waka, tea, archery,
and many arts and skills. Each man practices as he feels inclined. It is
said the warrior's is the twofold Way of pen and sword, and he should
have a taste for both Ways.
</p>
<p>
Even if a man has no natural ability he can be a warrior by sticking as-
siduously to both divisions of the Way. Generally speaking, the Way of
</p>
<p>
the warrior is resolute acceptance of death. Although not only warriors
but priests, women, peasants and lowlier folk have been known to die
readily in the cause of duty or out of shame, this is a different thing. The
warrior is different in that studying the Way of Strategy is based on
overcoming men. By victory gained in crossing swords with individuals,
or enjoining battle with large numbers, we can attain power and fame for
ourselves or our lord. This is the virtue of strategy.
</p>
<h3>The Way of Strategy</h3>
<p>
In China and Japan practitioners of the Way have been known as
"masters of strategy". Warriors must learn this Way.
Recently there have been people getting on in the world as strategists,
but they are usually just sword-fencers. The attendants of the Kashima
Kantori shrines of the province Hitachi received instruction from the
gods, and made schools based on this teaching, traveling from country to
country instructing men. This is the recent meaning of strategy.
In olden times strategy was listed among the Ten Abilities and Seven
Arts as a beneficial practice. It was certainly an art but as a beneficial
</p>
<p>
practice it was not limited to sword-fencing. The true value of sword-
fencing cannot be seen within the confines of sword-fencing technique.
</p>
<p>
If we look at the world we see arts for sale. Men use equipment to sell
their own selves. As if with the nut and the flower, the nut has become
less than th flower. In this kind of Way of Strategy, both those teaching
and those learning the way are concerned with colouring and showing
off their technique, trying to hasten the bloom of the flower. They speak
of "This Dojo" and "That Dojo". They are looking for profit. Someone
once said "Immature strategy is the cause of grief". That was a true
saying.
</p>
<p>
There are four Ways in which men pass through life: as gentlemen,
farmers, artisans and merchants.
</p>
<p>
The Way of the farmer. Using agricultural instruments, he sees springs
through to autumns with an eye on the changes of season.
</p>
<p>
Second is the Way of the merchant. The wine maker obtains his in-
gredients and puts them to use to make his living. The Way of the mer-
chant is always to live by taking profit. This is the Way of the merchant.
</p>
<p>Thirdly the gentleman warrior, carrying the weaponry of his Way.</p>
<p>
The Way of the warrior is to master the virtue of his weapons. If a gen-
tleman dislikes strategy he will not appreciate the benefit of weaponry,
</p>
<p>
so must he not have a little taste for this? Fourthly the Way of the artisan.
The Way of the carpenter is to become proficient in the use of his tools,
</p>
<p>
first to lay his plans with a true measure and then perform his work ac-
cording to plan. Thus he passes through life. These are the four Ways of
</p>
<p>
the gentleman, the farmer, the artisan and the merchant.
Comparing the Way of the Carpenter to Strategy
The comparison with carpentry is through the connection with houses.
Houses of the nobility, houses of warriors, the Four houses, ruin of
houses, thriving of houses, the style of the house, the tradition of the
house, and the name of the house. The carpenter uses a master plan of
the building, and the Way of Strategy is similar in that there is a plan of
campaign. If you want to learn the craft of war, ponder over this book.
The teacher is as a needle, the disciple is as thread. You must practice
constantly.
</p>
<p>
Like the foreman carpenter, the commander must know natural rules,
and the rules of the country, and the rules of houses. This is the Way of
the foreman.
</p>
<p>
The foreman carpenter must know the architectural theory of towers
and temples, and the plans of palaces, and must employ men to raise up
</p>
<p>
houses. The Way of the foreman carpenter is the same as the Way of the
commander of a warrior house. In the construction of houses, choice of
woods is made.
</p>
<p>
Straight un-knotted timber of good appearance is used for the revealed
pillars, straight timber with small defects is used for the inner pillars.
Timbers of the finest appearance, even if a little weak, is used for the
</p>
<p>
thresholds, lintels, doors, and sliding doors, and so on. Good strong tim-
ber, though it be gnarled and knotted, can always be used discreetly in
</p>
<p>
construction. Timber which is weak or knotted throughout should be
used as scaffolding, and later for firewood.
</p>
<p>
The foreman carpenter allots his men work according to their ability.
Floor layers, makers of sliding doors, thresholds and lintels, ceilings and
so on. Those of poor ability lay the floor joists, and those of lesser ability
carve wedges and do such miscellaneous work. If the foreman knows
and deploys his men well the finished work will be good. The foreman
</p>
<p>
should take into account the abilities and limitations of his men, circulat-
ing among them and asking nothing unreasonable. He should know
</p>
<p>
their morale and spirit, and encourage them when necessary. This is the
same as the principle of strategy.
</p>
<h3>The Way of Strategy</h3>
<p>
Like a trooper, the carpenter sharpens his own tools. He carries his
equipment in his tool box, and works under the direction of his foreman.
He makes columns and girders with an axe, shapes floorboards and
shelves with a plane, cuts fine openwork and carvings accurately, giving
</p>
<p>
as excellent a finish as his skill will allow. This is the craft of the car-
penters. When the carpenter becomes skilled and understands measures
</p>
<p>
he can become a foreman.
The carpenter's attainment is, having tools which will cut well, to
make small shrines, writing shelves, tables, paper lanterns, chopping
boards and pot-lids. These are the specialties of the carpenter. Things are
similar for the trooper. You ought to think deeply about this.
The attainment of the carpenter is that his work is not warped, that the
joints are not misaligned, and that the work is truly planed so that it
meets well and is not merely finished in sections. This is essential. If you
want to learn this Way, deeply consider the things written in this book
one at a time. You must do sufficient research.
Outline of the Five Books of this Book of Strategy
</p>
<p>
The Way is shown as five books concerning different aspects. These
are Ground, Water, Fire, Wind (tradition), and Void (the illusionary
nature of worldly things)
</p>
<p>
The body of the Way of Strategy from the viewpoint of my Ichi school
is explained in the Ground book. It is difficult to realize the true Way just
through sword-fencing. Know the smallest things and the biggest things,
the shallowest things and the deepest things. As if it were a straight road
mapped out on the ground, the first book is called the Ground book.
Second is the Water book. With water as the basis, the spirit becomes
like water. Water adopts the shape of its receptacle, it is sometimes a
trickle and sometimes a wild sea. Water has a clear blue colour. By the
clarity, things of Ichi school are shown in this book. If you master the
principles of sword-fencing, when you freely beat one man, you beat any
</p>
<p>
man in the world. The spirit of defeating a man is the same for ten mil-
lion men. The strategist makes small things into big things, like building
</p>
<p>a great Buddha from a one foot model. I cannot write in detail how this</p>
<p>
is done. The principle of strategy is having one thing, to know ten thou-
sand things. Things of Ichi school are written in this the Water book.
</p>
<p>
Third is the Fire book. This book is about fighting. The spirit of fire is
fierce, whether the fire be small or big; and so it is with battles. The Way
of battles is the same for man to man fights and for ten thousand a side
battles. You must appreciate that spirit can become big or small. What is
big is easy to perceive: what is small is difficult to perceive. In short, it is
</p>
<p>
difficult for large numbers of men to change position, so their move-
ments can be easily predicted. An individual can easily change his mind,
</p>
<p>
so his movements are difficult to predict. You must appreciate this. The
essence of this book is that you must train day and night in order to
make quick decisions. In strategy it is necessary to treat training as part
</p>
<p>
of normal life with your spirit unchanging. Thus combat in battle is de-
scribed in the Fire book.
</p>
<p>
Fourthly the Wind book. This book is not concerned with my Ichi
school but with other schools of strategy. By Wind I mean old traditions,
present-day traditions, and family traditions of strategy. Thus I clearly
explain the strategies of the world. This is tradition. It is difficult to know
yourself if you do not know others. To all Ways there are side-tracks. If
you study a Way daily, and your spirit diverges, you may think you are
</p>
<p>
obeying a good Way but objectively it is not the true Way. If you are fol-
lowing the true way and diverge a little, this will later become a large di-
vergence. You must realize this. Other strategies have come to be
</p>
<p>thought of as mere sword-fencing, and it is not unreasonable that this</p>
<p>
should be so. The benefit of my strategy, although it includes sword-fen-
cing, lies in a separate principle. I have explained what is commonly
</p>
<p>
meant by strategy in other schools in the Tradition (Wind) book.
</p>
<p>
Fifthly, the book of the Void. By void I mean that which has no begin-
ning and no end. Attaining this principle means not attaining the prin-
ciple. The Way of strategy is the Way of nature. When you appreciate the
</p>
<p>
power of nature, knowing rhythm of any situation, you will be able to hit
the enemy naturally and strike naturally. All this is the Way of the Void.
I intend to show how to follow the true Way according to nature in the
book of the Void.
</p>
<p>
The Name Ichi Ryu Ni To (One school - two swords)
Warriors, both commanders and troopers, carry two swords at their
belt. In olden times these were called the long sword and the sword;
nowadays they are known as the sword and the companion sword. Let it
suffice to say that in our land, whatever the reason, a warrior carries two
swords at his belt. It is the Way of the warrior.
</p>
<p>
"Nito Ichi Ryu" shows the advantages of using both swords.
The spear and the halberd are weapons which are carried out of doors.
Students of the Ichi school Way of Strategy should train from the start
with the sword and the long sword in either hand. This is a truth: when
you sacrifice your life, you must make fullest use of your weaponry. It is
false not to do so, and to die with a weapon yet undrawn.
If you hold a sword with both hands, it is difficult to wield it freely to
left and right, so my method is to carry the sword in one hand. This does
not apply to large weapons such as the spear or halberd, but swords and
companion swords can be carried in one hand. It is encumbering to hold
</p>
<p>
a sword in both hands when you are on horseback, when running on un-
even roads, on swampy ground, muddy rice fields, stony ground, or in a
</p>
<p>
crowd of people. To hold the long sword in both hands is not the true
Way, for if you carry a bow or spear or other arms in your left hand you
have only one hand free for the long sword. However, when it is difficult
to cut an enemy down with one hand, you must use both hands. It is not
difficult to wield a sword in one hand; the Way to learn this is to train
with two long swords, one in each hand. It will seem difficult at first, but
everything is difficult at first. Bows are difficult to draw, halberds are
difficult to wield; as you become accustomed to the bow so your pull
will become stronger. When you become used to wielding the long
sword, you will gain the power of the Way and wield the sword well.
</p>
<p>
As I will explain in the second book, the Water Book, there is no fast
way of wielding the long sword. The long sword should be wielded
broadly and the companion sword closely. This is the first thing to
realize.
</p>
<p>
According to this Ichi school, you can win with a long weapon, and
yet you can also win with a short weapon. In short, the Way of the Ichi
school is the spirit of winning, whatever the weapon and whatever its
size.
</p>
<p>
It is better to use two swords rather than one when you are fighting a
crowd, and especially if you want to take a prisoner.
</p>
<p>
These things cannot be explained in detail. From one thing, know ten
thousand things. When you attain the Way of Strategy there will not be
one thing you cannot see. You must study hard.
</p>
<h3>The Benefit of the Two Characters Reading "Strategy"</h3>
<p>
Masters of the long sword are called strategists. As for the other milit-
ary arts, those who master the bow are called archers, those who master
</p>
<p>
the spear are called spearmen, those who master the gun are called
marksmen, those who master the halberd are called halberdiers. But we
do not call masters of the Way of the long sword "longswordsmen", nor
do we speak of "companion swordsmen". Because bows, guns, spears
and halberds are all warriors' equipment they are certainly part of
strategy. To master the virtue of the long sword is to govern the world
and oneself, thus the long sword is the basis of strategy. The principle is
"strategy by means of the long sword". If he attains the virtue of the long
</p>
<p>
sword, one man can beat ten men. Just as one man can beat ten, so a hun-
dred men can beat a thousand, and a thousand can beat ten thousand. In
</p>
<p>
my strategy, one man is the same as ten thousand, so this strategy is the
complete warrior's craft.
</p>
<p>
The Way of the warrior does not include other Ways, such as Con-
fucianism, Buddhism, certain traditions, artistic accomplishments and
dancing. But even though these are not part of the Way, if you know the
</p>
<p>
Way broadly you will see it in everything. Men must polish their partic-
ular Way.
</p>
<h3>The Benefit of Weapons in Strategy</h3>
<p>
There is a time and place for use of weapons.
The best use of the companion sword is in a confined space, or when
you are engaged closely with an opponent. The long sword can be used
effectively in all situations.
</p>
<p>
The halberd is inferior to the spear on the battlefield. With the spear
you can take the initiative; the halberd is defensive. In the hands of one
of two men of equal ability, the spear gives a little extra strength. Spear
and halberd both have their uses, but neither is very beneficial in con-
fined spaces. They cannot be used for taking a prisoner. They are essen-
tially weapons for the field.
Anyway, if you learn "indoor" techniques, you will think narrowly
and forget the true Way. Thus you will have difficulty in actual
encounters.
The bow is tactically strong at the commencement of battle, especially
battles on a moor, as it is possible to shoot quickly from among the
spearmen. However, it is unsatisfactory in sieges, or when the enemy is
</p>
<p>
more than forty yards away. For this reason there are nowadays few tra-
ditional schools of archery. There is little use nowadays for this kind of
skill.
From inside fortifications, the gun has no equal among weapons. It is
the supreme weapon on the field before the ranks clash, but once swords
are crossed the gun becomes useless. One of the virtues of the bow is that
you can see the arrows in flight and correct your aim accordingly,
whereas gunshot cannot be seen. You must appreciate the importance of
this.
Just as a horse must have endurance and no defects, so it is with
weapons. Horses should walk strongly, and swords and companion
swords should cut strongly. Spears and halberds must stand up to heavy
use, bows and guns must be sturdy. Weapons should be hardy rather
than decorative.
You should not have a favourite weapon. To become over-familiar
with one weapon is as much a fault as not knowing it sufficiently well.
You should not copy others, but use weapons which you can handle
properly. It is bad for commanders and troopers to have likes and dis-
likes. These are things you must learn thoroughly.
</p>
<h3>Timing in Strategy</h3>
<p>
There is timing in everything. Timing in strategy cannot be mastered
without a great deal of practice.
Timing is important in dancing and pipe or string music, for they are
in rhythm only if timing is good. Timing and rhythm are also involved in
the military arts, shooting bows and guns, and riding horses. In all skills
and abilities there is timing. There is also timing in the Void.
</p>
<p>
There is timing in the whole life of the warrior, in his thriving and de-
clining, in his harmony and discord. Similarly, there is timing in the Way
of the merchant, in the rise and fall of capital. All things entail rising and
falling timing. You must be able to discern this. In strategy there are vari-
ous timing considerations. From the outset you must know the applic-
able timing and the inapplicable timing, and from among the large and
small things and the fast and slow timings find the relevant timing, first
seeing the distance timing and the background timing. This is the main
thing in strategy. It is especially important to know the background tim-
ing, otherwise your strategy will become uncertain.
You win battles with the timing in the Void born of the timing of cun-
ning by knowing the enemies' timing, and thus using a timing which the
</p>
<p>
enemy does not expect.
All the five books are chiefly concerned with timing. You must train
sufficiently to appreciate this.
If you practice day and night in the above Ichi school strategy, your
spirit will naturally broaden. Thus is large scale strategy and the strategy
of hand to hand combat propagated in the world. This is recorded for the
first time in the five books of Ground, Water, Fire, Tradition (Wind), and
Void. This is the way for men who want to learn my strategy:
1. Do not think dishonestly.
2. The Way is in training.
3. Become acquainted with every art.
4. Know the Ways of all professions.
5. Distinguish between gain and loss in worldly matters.
6. Develop intuitive judgement and understanding for everything.
7. Perceive those things which cannot be seen.
8. Pay attention even to trifles.
9. Do nothing which is of no use.
It is important to start by setting these broad principles in your heart,
and train in the Way of Strategy. If you do not look at things on a large
scale it will be difficult for you to master strategy. If you learn and attain
this strategy you will never lose even to twenty or thirty enemies. More
</p>
<p>
than anything to start with you must set your heart on strategy and earn-
estly stick to the Way. You will come to be able to actually beat men in
fights, and to be able to win with your eye. Also by training you will be
able to freely control your own body, conquer men with your body, and
with sufficient training you will be able to beat ten men with your spirit.
When you have reached this point, will it not mean that you are
invincible?
</p>
<p>
Moreover, in large scale strategy the superior man will manage many
subordinates dextrously, bear himself correctly, govern the country and
foster the people, thus preserving the ruler's discipline. If there is a Way
involving the spirit of not being defeated, to help oneself and gain hon-
our, it is the Way of strategy.
</p>
<h2>Chapter 2</h2>
<h1>THE WATER BOOK</h1>
<p>
The spirit of the Ni Ten Ichi school of strategy is based on water, and this
Water Book explains methods of victory as the long-sword form of the
Ichi school. Language does not extend to explaining the Way in detail,
but it can be grasped intuitively. Study this book; read a word then pon-
der on it. If you interpret the meaning loosely you will mistake the Way.
</p>
<p>
The principles of strategy are written down here in terms of single
combat, but you must think broadly so that you attain an understanding
for ten-thousand-a-side battles.
Strategy is different from other things in that if you mistake the Way
even a little you will become bewildered and fall into bad ways.
If you merely read this book you will not reach the Way of Strategy.
</p>
<p>
Absorb the things written in this book.Do not just read, memorise or im-
itate, but so that you realize the principle from within your own heart
study hard to absorb these things into your body.
Spiritual Bearing in Strategy
In strategy your spiritual bearing must not be any different from nor-
mal. Both in fighting and in everyday life you should be determined
though calm. Meet the situation without tenseness yet not recklessly,
your spirit settled yet unbiased. Even when your spirit is calm do not let
your body relax, and when your body is relaxed do not let your spirit
slacken. Do not let your spirit be influenced by your body, or your body
be influenced by your spirit. Be neither insufficiently spirited nor over
spirited. An elevated spirit is weak and a low spirit is weak. Do not let
the enemy see your spirit.
Small people must be completely familiar with the spirit of large
people, and large people must be familiar with the spirit of small people.
Whatever your size, do not be misled by the reactions of your own body.
With your spirit open and unconstricted, look at things from a high point
of view. You must cultivate your wisdom and spirit.
</p> <p>
</p> Polish your
wisdom: learn public justice, distinguish between good and evil, study
the Ways of different arts one by one. When you cannot be deceived by
men you will have realized the wisdom of strategy.
</p> </p>
<p>
The wisdom of strategy is different from other things. On the battle-
field, even when you are hard-pressed, you should ceaselessly research
the principles of strategy so that you can develop a steady spirit.
</p>
<h3>Stance in Strategy</h3>
<p>
Adopt a stance with the head erect, neither hanging down, nor looking
up, nor twisted. Your forehead and the space between your eyes should
not be wrinkled. Do not roll your eyes nor allow them to blink, but
slightly narrow them. With your features composed, keep the line of
your nose straight with a feeling of slightly flaring your nostrils. Hold
the line of the rear of the neck straight: instill vigour into your hairline,
and in the same way from the shoulders down through your entire body.
Lower both shoulders and, without the buttocks jutting out, put strength
</p>
<p>
into your legs from the knees to the tips of your toes. Brace your abdo-
men so that you do not bend at the hips. Wedge your companion sword
</p>
<p>
in your belt against your abdomen, so that your belt is not slack - this is
called "wedging in".
In all forms of strategy, it is necessary to maintain the combat stance in
everyday life and to make your everyday stance your combat stance.
You must research this well.
The Gaze in Strategy
The gaze should be large and broad. This is the twofold gaze
"Perception and Sight". Perception is strong and sight week.
In strategy it is important to see distant things as if they were close and
to take a distanced view of close things. It is important in strategy to
</p>
<p>
know the enemy's sword and not to be distracted by insignificant move-
ments of his sword. You must study this. The gaze is the same for single
</p>
<p>combat and for large-scale strategy.</p>
<p>
It is necessary in strategy to be able to look to both sides without mov-
ing the eyeballs. You cannot master this ability quickly. Learn what is
</p>
<p>
written here; use this gaze in everyday life and do not vary it whatever
happens.
</p>
<h3>Holding the Long Sword</h3>
<p>
Grip the long sword with a rather floating feeling in your thumb and
forefinger, with the middle finger neither tight nor slack, and with the
last two fingers tight. It is bad to have play in your hands.
When you take up a sword, you must feel intent on cutting the enem
As you cut an enemy you must not change your grip, and your hands
must not "cower". When you dash the enemy's sword aside, or ward it
off, or force it down, you must slightly change the feeling in your thumb
and forefinger. Above all, you must be intent on cutting the enemy in the
way you grip the sword.
The grip for combat and for sword-testing is the same. There is no
such thing as a "man-cutting grip".
</p>
<p>
Generally, I dislike fixedness in both long swords and hands. Fixed-
ness means a dead hand. Pliability is a living hand. You must bear this in mind.
</p>
<h3>Footwork</h3>
<p>
With the tips of your toes somewhat floating, tread firmly with your
heels. Whether you move fast or slow, with large or small steps, your
feet must always move as in normal walking. I dislike the three walking
methods know as "jumping-foot", "floating-foot" and "fixed-steps".
So-called "Yin-Yang foot" is important in the Way. Yin-Yang foot
means not moving only one foot. It means moving your feet left-right
and right-left when cutting, withdrawing, or warding off a cut. You
should not move on one foot preferentially.
The Five Attitudes
The five attitudes are: Upper, Middle, Lower, Right Side, and Left
Side. These are the give. Although attitude has these five divisions, the
one purpose of all of them is to cut the enemy. There are none but these
five attitudes.
</p>
<p>
Whatever attitude you are in, do not be conscious of making the atti-
tude; think only of cutting. Your attitude should be large or small ac-
cording to the situation. Upper, Lower and Middle attitudes are decisive.
</p>
<p>Left Side and Right Side attitudes are fluid. Left and Right attitudes</p>
<p>
should be used if there is an obstruction overhead or to one side. The de-
cision to use Left or Right depends on the place.
</p>
<p>
The essence of the Way is this. To understand attitude you must thor-
oughly understand the middle attitude. The middle attitude is the heart
of attitudes
</p><p>. If we look at strategy on a broad scale, the Middle attitude is</p>
<p>
the seat of the commander, with the other four attitudes following the
commander. You must appreciate this.
</p>
<h3>The Way of the Long Sword</h3>
<p>
Knowing the Way of the long sword means we can wield with two fin-
gers the sword we usually carry. If we know the path of the sword well,
we can wield it easily. If you try to wield the long sword quickly you
will mistake the Way. To wield the long sword well you must wield it
calmly.
If you try to wield it quickly, like a folding fan or a short sword, you
will err by using "short sword chopping". You cannot cut down a man
with a long sword using this method.
</p>
<p>
When you have cut downwards with the longsword, lift it straight up-
wards; when you cut sideways, return the sword along a sideways path.
</p>
<p>
Return the sword in a reasonable way, always stretching the elbows
broadly. Wield the sword strongly. This is the Way of the longsword.
If you learn to use the five approaches of my strategy, you will be able
to wield a sword well. You must train constantly.
</p>
<h3>The Five Approaches</h3>
<p>
<em>1.</em> The first approach is the Middle attitude. Confront the enemy with
the point of your sword against his face. When he attacks, dash his
sword to the right and "ride" it. Or, when the enemy attacks, deflect the
point of his sword by hitting downwards, keep your long sword where it
is, and as the enemy renews his attack cut his arms from below. This is
the first method.
The five approaches are this kind of thing. You must train repeatedly
using a long sword in order to learn them. When you master my Way of
the long sword, you will be able to control any attack the enemy makes. I
assure you, there are no attitudes other than the five attitudes of the long
sword of Ni To.
<em> 2.</em> In the second approach with the long sword, from the Upper atti-
tude cut the enemy just as he attacks. If the enemy evades the cut, keep
your sword where it is and, scooping up from below, cut him as he re-
news the attack. It is possible to repeat the cut from here.
In this method there are various changes in timing and spirit. You will
be able to understand this by training in the Ichi school. You will always
win with the five long sword methods. You must train repetitively.
<em> 3.</em> In the third approach, adopt the Lower attitude, anticipating scoop-
ing up. When the enemy attacks, hit his hands from below. As you do so
he may try to hit your sword down. If this is the case, cut his upper
arm(s) horizontally with a feeling of "crossing". This means that from the
lower attitudes you hit the enemy at the instant that he attacks.
You will encounter this method often, both as a beginner and in later
strategy. You must train holding a long sword.
<em>4.</em> In this fourth approach, adopt the Left Side attitude. As the enemy
attacks hit his hands from below. If as you hit his hands he attempts to
dash down your sword, with the feeling of hitting his hands, parry the
path of his long sword and cut across from above your shoulder.
This is the Way of the long sword. Through this method you win by
parrying the line of the enemy's attack. You must research this.
<em> 5.</em> In the fifth approach, the sword is in the Right Side attitude. In ac-
cordance with the enemy's attack, cross your long sword from below at
the side to the Upper attitude. Then cut straight from above.
This method is essential for knowing the Way of the long sword well.
If you can use this method, you can freely wield a heavy long sword.
I cannot describe in detail how to use these five approaches. You must
become well acquainted with my "in harmony with the long sword"
Way, learn large-scale timing, understand the enemy's long sword, and
become used to the five approaches from the outset. You will always win
by using these five methods, with various timing considerations discern-
ing the enemy's spirit. You must consider all this carefully.
</p>
<p>
The "Attitude No-Attitude" Teaching
"Attitude No-Attitude" means that there is no need for what are know
as long sword attitudes.
Even so, attitudes exist as the five ways of holding the long sword.
However you hold the sword it must be in such a way that it is easy to
cut the enemy well, in accordance with the situation, the place, and your
relation to the enemy. From the Upper attitude as your spirit lessens you
can adopt the Middle attitude, and from the Middle attitude you can
raise the sword a little in your technique and adopt the Upper attitude.
From the lower attitude you can raise the sword and adopt the Middle
attitudes as the occasion demands. According to the situation, if you turn
your sword from either the Left Side or Right Side attitude towards the
centre, the Middle or the Lower attitude results.
The principle of this is called "Existing Attitude - Nonexisting
Attitude".
</p>
<p>
The primary thing when you take a sword in your hands is your inten-
tion to cut the enemy, whatever the means. Whenever you parry, hit,
</p>
<p>
spring, strike or touch the enemy's cutting sword, you must cut the en-
emy in the same movement. It is essential to attain this. If you think only
</p>
<p>of hitting, springing, striking or touching the enemy, you will not be able</p>
<p>
actually to cut him. More than anything, you must be thinking of carry-
ing your movement through to cutting him. You must thoroughly re-
search this.
</p>
<p>
Attitude in strategy on a larger scale is called "Battle Array". Such atti-
tudes are all for winning battles. Fixed formation is bad. Study this well.
</p>
<h3>To Hit the Enemy "In One Timing"</h3>
<p>
"In One Timing" means, when you have closed with the enemy, to hit
him as quickly and directly as possible, without moving your body or
settling your spirit, while you see that he is still undecided. The timing of
hitting before the enemy decides to withdraw, break or hit, is this "In
One Timing".
</p>
<p>
You must train to achieve this timing, to be able to hit in the timing of
an instant
</p>.
<h3>The "Abdomen Timing of Two"</h3>
<p>
When you attack and the enemy quickly retreats, as you see him tense
you must feint a cut. Then, as he relaxes, follow up and hit him. This is
the "Abdomen Timing of Two".
</p>
<p>
It is very difficult to attain this by merely reading this book, but you
will soon understand with a little instruction.
</p>
<h3>No Design, No Conception</h3>
<p>
In this method, when the enemy attacks and you also decide to attack,
hit with your body, and hit with your spirit, and hit from the Void with
</p>
<p>
your hands, accelerating strongly. This is the "No Design, No Concep-
tion" cut.
</p>
<p>
This is the most important method of hitting. It is often used. You
must train hard to understand it.
</p>
<h>The Flowing Water Cut</h3>
<p>
The "Flowing Water Cut" is used when you are struggling blade to
blade with the enemy. When he breaks and quickly withdraws trying to
spring with his long sword, expand your body and spirit and cut him as
slowly as possible with your long sword, following your body like stag-
nant water. You can cut with certainty if you learn this. You must dis-
cern the enemy's grade.
</p>
<h3>Continuous Cut</h3>
<p>
When you attack and the enemy also attacks, and your swords spring
together, in one action cut his head, hands and legs. When you cut sever-
al places with one sweep of the long sword, it is the "Continuous Cut".
</p>
<p>
You must practice this cut; it is often used. With detailed practice you
should be able to understand it.
</p>
<h3>The Fire and Stones</h3>
<p>
Cut The Fires and Stones Cut means that when the enemy's long
sword and your long sword clash together you cut as strongly as pos-
sible without raising the sword even a little. This means cutting quickly
with the hands, body and legs - all three cutting strongly. If you train
well enough you will be able to strike strongly.
</p>
<h3>The Red Leaves Cut</h3>
<p>
The Red Leaves Cut [allusion to falling, dying leaves] means knocking
down the enemy's long sword. The spirit should be getting control of his
sword. When the enemy is in a long sword attitude in front of you and
intent on cutting, hitting and parrying, you strongly hit the enemy's long
sword with the Fire and Stones Cut, perhaps in the spirit of the "No
Design, No Conception" Cut. If you then beat down the point of his
sword with a sticky feeling, he will necessarily drop the sword. If you
practice this cut it becomes easy to make the enemy drop his sword. You
must train repetitively.
</p>
<h3>The Body in Place of the Long Sword</h3>
<p>
Also "the long sword in place of the body". Usually we move the body
and the sword at the same time to cut the enemy. However, according to
the enemy's cutting method, you can dash against him with your body
first, and afterwards cut with the sword. If his body is immoveable, you
can cut first with the long sword, but generally you hit first with the
body and then cut with the long sword. You must research this well and
practice hitting.
</p>
<h3>Cut and Slash</h3>
<p>
To cut and to slash are two different things. Cutting, whatever form of
cutting it is, is decisive, with a resolute spirit. Slashing is nothing more
than touching the enemy. Even if you slash strongly, and even if the en-
emy dies instantly, it is slashing. When you cut, your spirit is resolved.
</p>