Move petab v2 simulation code to amici.sim

[dweindl]

Related to #3041.

And fix type annotations.

[codecov]

Codecov Report

❌ Patch coverage is 94.09283% with 14 lines in your changes missing coverage. Please review.
✅ Project coverage is 77.54%. Comparing base (c64ec7a) to head (4ba54fc).
⚠️ Report is 53 commits behind head on main.

Files with missing lines	Patch %	Lines
python/sdist/amici/sim/sundials/petab/_v2.py	94.06%	14 Missing ⚠️

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##             main    #3093      +/-   ##
==========================================
- Coverage   78.17%   77.54%   -0.64%     
==========================================
  Files         313      315       +2     
  Lines       20469    20472       +3     
  Branches     1500     1501       +1     
==========================================
- Hits        16002    15875     -127     
- Misses       4458     4588     +130     
  Partials        9        9              

Flag	Coverage Δ
cpp	71.68% <11.81%> (+0.02%)	⬆️
cpp_python	37.67% <11.81%> (+<0.01%)	⬆️
petab	46.38% <88.18%> (+<0.01%)	⬆️
petab_sciml	13.74% <0.00%> (-0.01%)	⬇️
python	70.33% <93.67%> (+0.03%)	⬆️
sbmlsuite-jax	?

Flags with carried forward coverage won't be shown. Click here to find out more.

Files with missing lines	Coverage Δ
python/sdist/amici/adapters/fiddy.py	78.51% <ø> (ø)
python/sdist/amici/importers/petab/__init__.py	100.00% <ø> (ø)
...hon/sdist/amici/importers/petab/_petab_importer.py	86.78% <ø> (-2.91%)	⬇️
python/sdist/amici/sim/sundials/petab/__init__.py	100.00% <100.00%> (ø)
python/sdist/amici/sim/sundials/petab/_v2.py	94.06% <94.06%> (ø)

... and 9 files with indirect coverage changes

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