feat: add tutorial 02:git basics

02-git_basics/README.md

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+# 02: Git Basics
+This tutorial covers the fundamental concepts of Version Control Systems (VCS) and the essential Git workflow used in professional web development.
+
+## 🚀 Key Concepts
+Version Control System (VCS): A system that records changes to a file or set of files over time so that you can recall specific versions later.
+
+Repository (Repo): A central location where all the files for a particular project are stored, including the history of all changes made to them.
+
+Commit: A snapshot of your code at a specific point in time, acting as a "save point" in your project's history.
+
+## 🛠️ Essential Git Commands
+The following commands represent the core workflow for managing project versions:
+
+**git init:** Initializes a new Git repository in your current directory.
+
+**git clone [URL]:** Creates a local copy of a remote repository from GitHub.
+
+**git status:** Displays the state of the working directory and the staging area, showing which changes have been staged.
+
+**git add [file]**: Adds a change in the working directory to the staging area.
+
+**git commit -m "[message]":** Captures a snapshot of the project's currently staged changes with a descriptive message.
+
+**git push:** Sends your local branch commits to the remote repository on GitHub.
+
+## 📂 The Git Workflow
+Understanding the three states of Git is crucial for managing your code effectively:
+
+Working Directory: Where you do the actual work—modifying, adding, or deleting files.
+
+Staging Area (Index): A file that stores information about what will go into your next commit.
+
+Git Directory (Repository): Where Git stores the metadata and object database for your project.
+
+## 📝 Practice Exercise
+Create a new folder on your computer.
+
+Run git init to start tracking changes.
+
+Create a file named hello.txt and run git add hello.txt.
+
+Save your progress using git commit -m "First commit".