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#831 Fix nonce verification in 2FA flow #833

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#831 Fix nonce verification in 2FA flow #833

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09bb677
Fix nonce verification in 2FA flow
Mar 12, 2026
498eb6d
Harden nonce/request handling, fix phpcs comments, add reset notice n…
Mar 12, 2026
6a1ac8e
use !empty() for rememberme check and simplify rememberme()
Mar 13, 2026
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52 changes: 30 additions & 22 deletions class-two-factor-core.php
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Original file line number Diff line number Diff line change
Expand Up @@ -452,7 +452,12 @@ public static function get_user_two_factor_revalidate_url( $interim = false ) {
* @return boolean
*/
public static function is_valid_user_action( $user_id, $action ) {
$request_nonce = isset( $_REQUEST[ self::USER_SETTINGS_ACTION_NONCE_QUERY_ARG ] ) ? wp_unslash( $_REQUEST[ self::USER_SETTINGS_ACTION_NONCE_QUERY_ARG ] ) : '';
$request_nonce_raw = isset( $_REQUEST[ self::USER_SETTINGS_ACTION_NONCE_QUERY_ARG ] ) ? wp_unslash( $_REQUEST[ self::USER_SETTINGS_ACTION_NONCE_QUERY_ARG ] ) : ''; // phpcs:ignore WordPress.Security.ValidatedSanitizedInput.InputNotSanitized -- Value sanitized and then only passed to wp_verify_nonce().
if ( ! is_scalar( $request_nonce_raw ) ) {
$request_nonce = '';
} else {
$request_nonce = sanitize_text_field( (string) $request_nonce_raw );
}

if ( ! $user_id || ! $action || ! $request_nonce ) {
return false;
Expand All @@ -473,8 +478,8 @@ public static function is_valid_user_action( $user_id, $action ) {
*/
public static function current_user_being_edited() {
// Try to resolve the user ID from the request first.
if ( ! empty( $_REQUEST['user_id'] ) ) {
$user_id = intval( $_REQUEST['user_id'] );
if ( ! empty( $_REQUEST['user_id'] ) ) { // phpcs:ignore WordPress.Security.NonceVerification.Recommended -- Nonce verified in trigger_user_settings_action() via is_valid_user_action() before any state change.
$user_id = intval( $_REQUEST['user_id'] ); // phpcs:ignore WordPress.Security.NonceVerification.Recommended -- Nonce verified in trigger_user_settings_action() via is_valid_user_action() before any state change.

if ( current_user_can( 'edit_user', $user_id ) ) {
return $user_id;
Expand All @@ -493,8 +498,9 @@ public static function current_user_being_edited() {
* @return void
*/
public static function trigger_user_settings_action() {
$action = isset( $_REQUEST[ self::USER_SETTINGS_ACTION_QUERY_VAR ] ) ? wp_unslash( $_REQUEST[ self::USER_SETTINGS_ACTION_QUERY_VAR ] ) : '';
$user_id = self::current_user_being_edited();
$action_raw = isset( $_REQUEST[ self::USER_SETTINGS_ACTION_QUERY_VAR ] ) ? wp_unslash( $_REQUEST[ self::USER_SETTINGS_ACTION_QUERY_VAR ] ) : ''; // phpcs:ignore WordPress.Security.NonceVerification.Recommended, WordPress.Security.ValidatedSanitizedInput.InputNotSanitized -- Value sanitized below; nonce verified in is_valid_user_action() before do_action.
$action = ( is_scalar( $action_raw ) && (string) $action_raw !== '' ) ? sanitize_key( (string) $action_raw ) : '';
$user_id = self::current_user_being_edited();

if ( self::is_valid_user_action( $user_id, $action ) ) {
/**
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -906,7 +912,7 @@ public static function show_two_factor_login( $user ) {
wp_die( esc_html__( 'Failed to create a login nonce.', 'two-factor' ) );
}

$redirect_to = isset( $_REQUEST['redirect_to'] ) ? $_REQUEST['redirect_to'] : admin_url();
$redirect_to = isset( $_REQUEST['redirect_to'] ) ? esc_url_raw( wp_unslash( $_REQUEST['redirect_to'] ) ) : admin_url(); // phpcs:ignore WordPress.Security.NonceVerification.Recommended -- Value only used for redirect; auth protected by 2FA login nonce later.

self::login_html( $user, $login_nonce['key'], $redirect_to );
}
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -960,6 +966,12 @@ public static function maybe_show_reset_password_notice( $errors ) {
return $errors;
}

// Verify login form nonce when present (e.g. wp-login.php); skip only when nonce is not sent (custom login forms).
if ( isset( $_POST['_wpnonce'] ) && ! wp_verify_nonce( sanitize_text_field( wp_unslash( $_POST['_wpnonce'] ) ), 'log-in' ) ) {
return $errors;
}

// phpcs:ignore WordPress.Security.NonceVerification.Missing -- Nonce verified above when _wpnonce present; absent for custom login forms.
$user_name = sanitize_user( wp_unslash( $_POST['log'] ) );
$attempted_user = get_user_by( 'login', $user_name );
if ( ! $attempted_user && str_contains( $user_name, '@' ) ) {
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -1487,11 +1499,11 @@ public static function rest_api_can_edit_user_and_update_two_factor_options( $us
* @since 0.2.0
*/
public static function login_form_validate_2fa() {
$wp_auth_id = ! empty( $_REQUEST['wp-auth-id'] ) ? absint( $_REQUEST['wp-auth-id'] ) : 0;
$nonce = ! empty( $_REQUEST['wp-auth-nonce'] ) ? wp_unslash( $_REQUEST['wp-auth-nonce'] ) : '';
$provider = ! empty( $_REQUEST['provider'] ) ? wp_unslash( $_REQUEST['provider'] ) : '';
$redirect_to = ! empty( $_REQUEST['redirect_to'] ) ? wp_unslash( $_REQUEST['redirect_to'] ) : '';
$is_post_request = ( 'POST' === strtoupper( $_SERVER['REQUEST_METHOD'] ) );
$wp_auth_id = ! empty( $_REQUEST['wp-auth-id'] ) ? absint( $_REQUEST['wp-auth-id'] ) : 0; // phpcs:ignore WordPress.Security.NonceVerification.Recommended -- Nonce verified in _login_form_validate_2fa() via verify_login_nonce() before any use.
$nonce = ( isset( $_REQUEST['wp-auth-nonce'] ) && is_scalar( $_REQUEST['wp-auth-nonce'] ) ) ? sanitize_text_field( wp_unslash( (string) $_REQUEST['wp-auth-nonce'] ) ) : ''; // phpcs:ignore WordPress.Security.NonceVerification.Recommended -- Nonce verified in _login_form_validate_2fa() before any use.
$provider = ! empty( $_REQUEST['provider'] ) ? sanitize_text_field( wp_unslash( $_REQUEST['provider'] ) ) : ''; // phpcs:ignore WordPress.Security.NonceVerification.Recommended -- Nonce verified in _login_form_validate_2fa() before any use.
$redirect_to = ! empty( $_REQUEST['redirect_to'] ) ? esc_url_raw( wp_unslash( $_REQUEST['redirect_to'] ) ) : ''; // phpcs:ignore WordPress.Security.NonceVerification.Recommended -- Nonce verified in _login_form_validate_2fa() before any use.
$is_post_request = isset( $_SERVER['REQUEST_METHOD'] ) && 'POST' === strtoupper( $_SERVER['REQUEST_METHOD'] ); // phpcs:ignore WordPress.Security.ValidatedSanitizedInput.MissingUnslash, WordPress.Security.ValidatedSanitizedInput.InputNotSanitized -- REQUEST_METHOD is not user input.
$user = get_user_by( 'id', $wp_auth_id );

if ( ! $wp_auth_id || ! $nonce || ! $user ) {
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -1553,7 +1565,7 @@ public static function _login_form_validate_2fa( $user, $nonce = '', $provider =
delete_user_meta( $user->ID, self::USER_FAILED_LOGIN_ATTEMPTS_KEY );

$rememberme = false;
if ( isset( $_REQUEST['rememberme'] ) && $_REQUEST['rememberme'] ) {
if ( ! empty( $_REQUEST['rememberme'] ) ) { // phpcs:ignore WordPress.Security.NonceVerification.Recommended, WordPress.Security.ValidatedSanitizedInput.MissingUnslash, WordPress.Security.ValidatedSanitizedInput.InputNotSanitized -- Request read only after successful verify_login_nonce() in this request.
$rememberme = true;
}

Expand Down Expand Up @@ -1594,7 +1606,7 @@ public static function _login_form_validate_2fa( $user, $nonce = '', $provider =
$interim_login = isset( $_REQUEST['interim-login'] ); // phpcs:ignore WordPress.WP.GlobalVariablesOverride.Prohibited,WordPress.Security.NonceVerification.Recommended

if ( $interim_login ) {
$customize_login = isset( $_REQUEST['customize-login'] );
$customize_login = isset( $_REQUEST['customize-login'] ); // phpcs:ignore WordPress.Security.NonceVerification.Recommended, WordPress.Security.ValidatedSanitizedInput.MissingUnslash, WordPress.Security.ValidatedSanitizedInput.InputNotSanitized -- Request read only after successful verify_login_nonce() in this request.
if ( $customize_login ) {
wp_enqueue_script( 'customize-base' );
}
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -1627,10 +1639,10 @@ public static function _login_form_validate_2fa( $user, $nonce = '', $provider =
* @since 0.9.0
*/
public static function login_form_revalidate_2fa() {
$nonce = ! empty( $_REQUEST['wp-auth-nonce'] ) ? wp_unslash( $_REQUEST['wp-auth-nonce'] ) : '';
$provider = ! empty( $_REQUEST['provider'] ) ? sanitize_text_field( wp_unslash( $_REQUEST['provider'] ) ) : false;
$redirect_to = ! empty( $_REQUEST['redirect_to'] ) ? wp_unslash( $_REQUEST['redirect_to'] ) : admin_url();
$is_post_request = ( 'POST' === strtoupper( $_SERVER['REQUEST_METHOD'] ) );
$nonce = ( isset( $_REQUEST['wp-auth-nonce'] ) && is_scalar( $_REQUEST['wp-auth-nonce'] ) ) ? sanitize_text_field( wp_unslash( (string) $_REQUEST['wp-auth-nonce'] ) ) : ''; // phpcs:ignore WordPress.Security.NonceVerification.Recommended -- Nonce verified in _login_form_revalidate_2fa() for POST before processing.
$provider = ! empty( $_REQUEST['provider'] ) ? sanitize_text_field( wp_unslash( $_REQUEST['provider'] ) ) : false; // phpcs:ignore WordPress.Security.NonceVerification.Recommended -- Nonce verified in _login_form_revalidate_2fa() for POST before processing.
$redirect_to = ! empty( $_REQUEST['redirect_to'] ) ? esc_url_raw( wp_unslash( $_REQUEST['redirect_to'] ) ) : admin_url(); // phpcs:ignore WordPress.Security.NonceVerification.Recommended -- Nonce verified in _login_form_revalidate_2fa() for POST before processing.
$is_post_request = isset( $_SERVER['REQUEST_METHOD'] ) && 'POST' === strtoupper( $_SERVER['REQUEST_METHOD'] ); // phpcs:ignore WordPress.Security.ValidatedSanitizedInput.MissingUnslash, WordPress.Security.ValidatedSanitizedInput.InputNotSanitized -- REQUEST_METHOD is not user input.

self::_login_form_revalidate_2fa( $nonce, $provider, $redirect_to, $is_post_request );
exit;
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -2384,11 +2396,7 @@ public static function get_current_user_session() {
* @return boolean
*/
public static function rememberme() {
$rememberme = false;

if ( ! empty( $_REQUEST['rememberme'] ) ) {
$rememberme = true;
}
$rememberme = ! empty( $_REQUEST['rememberme'] ); // phpcs:ignore WordPress.Security.NonceVerification.Recommended -- Non-destructive display/flow flag; value normalized to bool below.

/**
* Filters whether the login session should persist between browser sessions.
Expand Down
4 changes: 2 additions & 2 deletions providers/class-two-factor-provider.php
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Original file line number Diff line number Diff line change
Expand Up @@ -171,11 +171,11 @@ public static function get_code( $length = 8, $chars = '1234567890' ) {
* @return false|string Auth code on success, false if the field is not set or not expected length.
*/
public static function sanitize_code_from_request( $field, $length = 0 ) {
if ( empty( $_REQUEST[ $field ] ) ) {
if ( empty( $_REQUEST[ $field ] ) ) { // phpcs:ignore WordPress.Security.NonceVerification.Recommended -- Caller (core) verifies nonce before provider processing.
return false;
}

$code = wp_unslash( $_REQUEST[ $field ] ); // phpcs:ignore WordPress.Security.NonceVerification.Recommended, handled by the core method already.
$code = wp_unslash( $_REQUEST[ $field ] ); // phpcs:ignore WordPress.Security.NonceVerification.Recommended, WordPress.Security.ValidatedSanitizedInput.InputNotSanitized -- Caller (core) verifies nonce; value normalized below.
$code = preg_replace( '/\s+/', '', $code );

// Maybe validate the length.
Expand Down
36 changes: 36 additions & 0 deletions tests/class-two-factor-core.php
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Original file line number Diff line number Diff line change
Expand Up @@ -785,6 +785,42 @@ public function test_reset_notice_when_password_was_reset() {
$this->assertSame( 'two_factor_password_reset', $errors->get_error_code() );
}

/**
* Test no reset notice when _wpnonce is present but invalid.
*
* @covers Two_Factor_Core::maybe_show_reset_password_notice()
*/
public function test_no_reset_notice_when_wpnonce_invalid() {
$user = self::factory()->user->create_and_get();
$errors = new WP_Error( 'incorrect_password', 'Incorrect password' );
$_POST['log'] = $user->user_login;
$_POST['_wpnonce'] = 'invalid-nonce';

update_user_meta( $user->ID, Two_Factor_Core::USER_PASSWORD_WAS_RESET_KEY, true );
Two_Factor_Core::maybe_show_reset_password_notice( $errors );
$this->assertCount( 1, $errors->get_error_codes() );
$this->assertSame( 'incorrect_password', $errors->get_error_code() );
unset( $_POST['_wpnonce'] );
}

/**
* Test reset notice when _wpnonce is present and valid for log-in.
*
* @covers Two_Factor_Core::maybe_show_reset_password_notice()
*/
public function test_reset_notice_when_wpnonce_valid() {
$user = self::factory()->user->create_and_get();
$errors = new WP_Error( 'incorrect_password', 'Incorrect password' );
$_POST['log'] = $user->user_login;
$_POST['_wpnonce'] = wp_create_nonce( 'log-in' );

update_user_meta( $user->ID, Two_Factor_Core::USER_PASSWORD_WAS_RESET_KEY, true );
Two_Factor_Core::maybe_show_reset_password_notice( $errors );
$this->assertCount( 1, $errors->get_error_codes() );
$this->assertSame( 'two_factor_password_reset', $errors->get_error_code() );
unset( $_POST['_wpnonce'] );
}

/**
* Test clear password reset notice.
*
Expand Down
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