Upgrade to C++23, get rid of some dependencies, fix segfault

[eisenwave]

This PR overall simplifies the project structure using C++23.

Since we now have <format> and <ranges> there's very little reason to have ranges-v3 and fmt third-party dependencies.

Secondly, I couldn't get <execution> with TBB to work on GCC for whatever reason, and we may as well get rid of it. The names build fast enough without par_seq on release, so this is just adding another complication to the build process to shave off a second or two off a build process that you perform in a blue moon.

Note that generation doesn't work because of #11.

I've changed the .cpp files as little as possible, just replacing fmt with std and other menial changes. That way, it should be easy to verify that nothing is broken by this PR.

[eisenwave]

I now got the build to work and tests to pass with all the latest updates.

This PR now fixes #11.

Note that I also got some include errors because uint32_t was used with no <cstdint>, and libstdc++ doesn't like that. In general, these aliases should not be used without std:: to ensure portability.