feat(task): Add additional APIs for querying specific characteristics of the task or the current task context

[finger563]

Description

Add new static APIs to espp::Task to query individual characteristics of the task or current task context

Motivation and Context

These APIs provide a more convenient way to access task information without needing to use the espp::TaskMonitor class or parse the espp::Task::get_info() string.

How has this been tested?

Build and run task/example on QtPy ESP32-S3 and verify the output matches expectations.

Screenshots (if appropriate, e.g. schematic, board, console logs, lab pictures):

Types of changes

• Bug fix (non-breaking change which fixes an issue)
• New feature (non-breaking change which adds functionality)
• Breaking change (fix or feature that would cause existing functionality to not work as expected)
• Documentation Update
• Hardware (schematic, board, system design) change
• Software change

Checklist:

• My change requires a change to the documentation.
• I have added / updated the documentation related to this change via either README or WIKI

Software

• I have added tests to cover my changes.
• I have updated the .github/workflows/build.yml file to add my new test to the automated cloud build github action.
• All new and existing tests passed.
• My code follows the code style of this project.

[github-actions]

✅Static analysis result - no issues found! ✅

[Copilot]

Pull request overview

This PR adds new static APIs to espp::Task for querying individual task characteristics, providing more convenient access to task information without needing to parse the get_info() string or use the TaskMonitor class.

Key Changes:

• Added static methods to query specific task properties: get_freertos_handle(), get_priority(), get_high_water_mark(), and get_core_id() - each with both no-parameter (current context) and task-parameter overloads
• Initialized task_handle_ to nullptr for safer default state
• Updated example code to demonstrate the new APIs and modernized formatting from fmt::print to fmt::println

Reviewed changes

Copilot reviewed 3 out of 3 changed files in this pull request and generated 7 comments.

File	Description
components/task/include/task.hpp	Added new static API methods for querying task characteristics (FreeRTOS handle, priority, high water mark, core ID) with both current-context and task-specific overloads; initialized task_handle_ to nullptr
components/task/src/task.cpp	Updated get_info() to use new get_core_id() helper and removed trailing newlines from format strings
components/task/example/main/task_example.cpp	Added test coverage for new APIs and modernized all fmt::print calls to fmt::println

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