PYTHON-5518: withTransaction API retries too frequently

[sleepyStick]

PYTHON-5518

Summary

_BACKOFF_INITIAL, _BACKOFF_MAX, and the growth rate have now been experimented with using the previous with_transaction benchmark and values are chosen based on what experimentally did the best.

Changes in this PR

• added tests for the backoff in with_transaction
• changed _BACKOFF_INITIAL, _BACKOFF_MAX, and the growth rate

Testing Plan

prose test

Screenshots (optional)

Checklist

Checklist for Author

• Did you update the changelog (if necessary)?
• Is the intention of the code captured in relevant tests?
• If there are new TODOs, has a related JIRA ticket been created?

Checklist for Reviewer {@primary_reviewer}

• Does the title of the PR reference a JIRA Ticket?
• Do you fully understand the implementation? (Would you be comfortable explaining how this code works to someone else?)
• Have you checked for spelling & grammar errors?
• Is all relevant documentation (README or docstring) updated?

Focus Areas for Reviewer (optional)

[NoahStapp]

@sleepyStick is this ready for review?

[sleepyStick]

@sleepyStick is this ready for review?

yes? the spec for these changes are still in review -- if the spec is good/doesn't have any more changes, then this is ready for review?

[NoahStapp]

Why do we need random to be deterministic here? Can you expand this comment with a short motivation?

[sleepyStick]

^ not sure why PYTHON-5536 and PYTHON-5506 are part of this branch history / the commits that need to be merged in? reverted them to remove those changes from this PR
(iris is still learning the ways of git ✨ )

[NoahStapp]

Any idea why there's a bunch of failures?

[sleepyStick]

Any idea why there's a bunch of failures?

Honestly no....error: Failed to spawn: pre-commit and `error: Justfile does not contain recipe `integration-tests makes me think i made an oopsie when rebasing tho? I think there were some changes in the evergreen files...? I'll look into it

[blink1073]

The GHA failures are due to this branch and master being slightly out of sync. I saw the same errors in #2631. Hopefully we can merge this branch soonish.

Since Shane is OOO and I've addressed his comments, I'm gonna remove him as a reviewer :)