First-file

Command Description pwd Print current working directory ls List directory contents cd

Change directory mkdir Make a new directory rm Remove file rm -r Remove directory and contents cp Copy file/directory mv Move or rename files touch Create an empty file clear Clear the terminal screen NETWORKING COMMANDS Command Description ifconfig Show IP and network info (now replaced by ip a) ip a Show IP addresses ping Send ICMP packets to a host netstat -tuln Show open ports nmap Network scanning tool traceroute Show route to host dnsenum DNS enumeration tool whois Domain info lookup

Command Description apt update Update package list apt upgrade Upgrade packages apt install Install a package apt remove Remove a package

Command Description sudo Run a command as root su Switch to root user id Show current user and group ID