doc: Update simulation errors example

[dweindl]

The updated discontinuity handling in #2913 will break the current root-after-reinitialization error example. Change to a new example based on an SBML test suite case.

Also update an error message and clean up the notebook.

[codecov]

Codecov Report

❌ Patch coverage is 0% with 1 line in your changes missing coverage. Please review.
✅ Project coverage is 79.02%. Comparing base (a79b917) to head (3bf17a0).
⚠️ Report is 57 commits behind head on main.

Files with missing lines	Patch %	Lines
src/solver_cvodes.cpp	0.00%	1 Missing ⚠️

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##             main    #2914      +/-   ##
==========================================
- Coverage   79.63%   79.02%   -0.62%     
==========================================
  Files         358      358              
  Lines       23037    23037              
  Branches     1581     1581              
==========================================
- Hits        18346    18205     -141     
- Misses       4680     4821     +141     
  Partials       11       11              

Flag	Coverage Δ
cpp	74.95% <0.00%> (-0.05%)	⬇️
cpp_python	33.17% <0.00%> (ø)
petab	38.97% <0.00%> (ø)
python	73.81% <0.00%> (-0.05%)	⬇️
sbmlsuite-jax	?

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Files with missing lines	Coverage Δ
src/solver_cvodes.cpp	71.82% <0.00%> (ø)

... and 7 files with indirect coverage changes

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